CN100358737C - 轮胎的胎冠帘布层加强件 - Google Patents

轮胎的胎冠帘布层加强件 Download PDF

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CN100358737C
CN100358737C CNB028092732A CN02809273A CN100358737C CN 100358737 C CN100358737 C CN 100358737C CN B028092732 A CNB028092732 A CN B028092732A CN 02809273 A CN02809273 A CN 02809273A CN 100358737 C CN100358737 C CN 100358737C
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J-M·鲁费纳赫
P·雅莱
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Michelin Recherche et Technique SA France
Societe de Technologie Michelin SAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/02—Carcasses
    • B60C9/04—Carcasses the reinforcing cords of each carcass ply arranged in a substantially parallel relationship
    • B60C9/08—Carcasses the reinforcing cords of each carcass ply arranged in a substantially parallel relationship the cords extend transversely from bead to bead, i.e. radial ply
    • B60C9/09—Carcasses the reinforcing cords of each carcass ply arranged in a substantially parallel relationship the cords extend transversely from bead to bead, i.e. radial ply combined with other carcass plies having cords extending diagonally from bead to bead, i.e. combined radial ply and bias angle ply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/0064—Reinforcements comprising monofilaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
    • B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
    • B60C9/2003—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel characterised by the materials of the belt cords
    • B60C9/2006—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel characterised by the materials of the belt cords consisting of steel cord plies only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
    • B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
    • B60C9/2003—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel characterised by the materials of the belt cords
    • B60C9/2009—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel characterised by the materials of the belt cords comprising plies of different materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C2200/00—Tyres specially adapted for particular applications
    • B60C2200/06—Tyres specially adapted for particular applications for heavy duty vehicles
    • B60C2200/065—Tyres specially adapted for particular applications for heavy duty vehicles for construction vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T152/00—Resilient tires and wheels
    • Y10T152/10—Tires, resilient
    • Y10T152/10495—Pneumatic tire or inner tube
    • Y10T152/10765—Characterized by belt or breaker structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T152/00—Resilient tires and wheels
    • Y10T152/10—Tires, resilient
    • Y10T152/10495—Pneumatic tire or inner tube
    • Y10T152/10765—Characterized by belt or breaker structure
    • Y10T152/10792—Structure where each bias angle reinforcing cord ply has no opposingly angled ply
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T152/00—Resilient tires and wheels
    • Y10T152/10—Tires, resilient
    • Y10T152/10495—Pneumatic tire or inner tube
    • Y10T152/10765—Characterized by belt or breaker structure
    • Y10T152/10801—Structure made up of two or more sets of plies wherein the reinforcing cords in one set lie in a different angular position relative to those in other sets

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Abstract

一种不在公路上行驶的汽车的重型汽车的轮胎，包括一个胎体的径向加强件(1)，一个胎冠加强件(3)，二个胎冠保护帘布层(330，331)，和胎面(4)；该胎体加强件(1)固定在每一个胎边中，成为一个环形的胎边加强件(2)；该胎冠加强件(3)在胎体加强件(1)的径向上面，由至少二个工作的胎冠帘布层(320，321)构成，该胎冠帘布层则由从一个帘布层(320)至下一个帘布层(321)之间交叉的不可伸长的金属缆索制成，所述帘布层的宽度至少等于胎面(4)的宽度L的50%；二个胎冠保护帘布层(330，331)在上述二个工作胎冠帘布层的径向上面，它由从一个帘布层(330)至下一个帘布层(331)之间交叉的所谓弹性金属缆索制成；胎面(4)在其厚度为D的没有槽的部分，包括至少一个加强件的附件(34)；其特征为，所述附件(34)由在每一个层中互相平行的纺织单丝的至少二个帘布层(340，341)构成，所述二个帘布层(340，341)的轴向宽度至少等于较窄的工作帘布层(321)的宽度。

Description

轮胎的胎冠帘布层加强件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种带有胎体径向加强件的轮胎，该轮胎可安装在建筑工地的重型汽车和/或不在公路上行驶的汽车中，例如，装载机、卡车、筑路机或铲土机。
背景技术
上述轮胎至少和主要包括由径向金属缆索制成的胎体加强件和一个胎冠加强件。该胎冠加强件位于所述胎体加强件和胎面之间，它主要包括作为工作附件的附件。该附件由至少由二层不可伸长的金属缆索构成，在每一帘布层中的金属缆索互相平行，并与下一个帘布层交叉，其角度相对于圆周方向形成0°-45°的角度。装有这种轮胎的机器的使用也要求，在工作帘布层的径向外侧，应有一个称为保护附件的另一个附件。该附件由至少一层弹性的金属缆索组成。如果在等于其断裂负荷的拉力作用下，相对伸长至少为3％，则称该缆索为弹性缆索；而在等于其断裂负荷的10％的拉力作用下，相对伸长至多等于0.2％，则称该缆索为不可伸长的缆索。一层或多层保护帘布层的缆索相对于圆周方向形成5°-35°的角度，而当有两个层时，则缆索一般在一个层到下一个层之间是交叉的(crossed over from one ply to the next)。
虽然开始如其名字所指的，所述保护帘布层的主要功用是保护工作的加强件，克服地面对轮胎的干硬的作用，但该轮胎的结构特点一方面对阻止两个工作帘布层之间分开的阻力有很大作用；另一方面，由于不在公路上行驶的轮胎寿命较长，因此，要保证在所述寿命期间连续的保护还是不够的。
所考虑形式的轮胎受到它在其上滚动的地面的大的侵袭作用，特别是在重载和运输车辆的情况下更是如此。这种由有角度的、尖锐的物体而导致的：
(a)胎面遭切割，这会增加轮胎解体的速度；另外还会导致切割保护帘布层，使得对工作帘布层分开的阻力不太有效或根本不能阻止其分开；还会导致工作帘布层的切割，使得由于潮湿和土壤颗粒的作用，所述帘布层中的金属件可能会伸展和氧化；
(b)胎冠部分整个被刺穿，同时根据侵袭物体的性质和形状，胎体加强件本身也可被刺穿。
必须改善保护帘布层对切割的阻力和胎冠部分对刺穿的阻力。
从美国专利US3589425中已知，在包括几层在一个层与下一个层之间交叉的织物件形成的胎体加强件的飞机轮胎的胎面的情况下，为了让胎面的一个棱边配置至一个棱边，一方面要使由斜的织物线制成的帘布层与胎面的圆周槽的底部齐平，以便克服离心力作用在所述胎面上的影响。另一方面，由超弹性金属缆索制成的二层的相对伸长为15-40％，所述缆索在一个层与下一个层之间交叉，并且所述的帘布层埋入胎面槽的底部和所述轮胎的胎体加强件之间。
为了避免不在公路上行驶的轮胎的横向槽底部出现裂纹，和减少裂纹向胎面加强件的扩展，专利FR2388685提出了一种装置。即：在槽的底部和胎冠加强件之间由伸长率低的缆索(在等于10％的断裂负荷的拉力作用下，相对伸长小于0.5％的钢缆索)制成的至少一个层的没有作出槽的部分中，所述缆索相对于圆周方向的倾斜小于30°，最好为12°-24°；并且槽底部和所述缆索帘布层之间的径向距离小于，但接近于槽底部和最接近胎面的胎冠帘布层之间的径向距离的1/3。这种结构不能保护不被切割和切割的扩展，并且对轮胎的胎冠部分阻止由大的障碍物的快速侵袭造成的冲击方面有非常不利的影响。
发明内容
为改善不在公路上行驶的轮胎同时对外界物体的三种形式的侵袭的阻力，即阻止切割，阻止刺穿和阻止冲击，根据本发明的轮胎包括一个胎体的径向加强件，一个胎冠加强件，两个胎冠保护帘布层，和胎面；该胎体加强件固定在每一个胎边中，成为一个环形的胎边加强件；该胎冠加强件在胎体加强件的径向上面，由至少两个工作的胎冠帘布层构成，该胎冠帘布层则由在一个层与下一个层之间交叉(crossed from one ply to the next)的不可伸长的金属缆索制成，所述帘布层的宽度至少行于胎面的宽度L的50％；两个胎冠保护帘布层在上述两个工作胎冠帘布层的径向上面，它由在一个层与下一个层之间交叉的所谓弹性金属，缆索制成；胎面在其厚度为D的没有槽的部分，包括至少一个加强件的附件；其特征为，所述附件由在每一个层中互相平行的纺织单丝的至少两个帘布层构成，所述两个帘布层的轴向宽度至少等于较窄的工作帘布层的宽度。
由在一个层与下一个层之间交叉的单丝形成的帘布层，相对于圆周方向形成50°-60°的角度是特别有利的，因为它们只稍微改变胎体加强件和地面之间的帘布层的组合的刚度。
纺织材料最好为脂肪酸或芳香族的聚酰胺。在每单位轴向宽度和每单位胎面的没有槽部分的圆周长度中，加强帘布层的部件所占的体积最多等于总体积的20％，橡胶混合物的体积至少等于所述总体积的80％。上述的充填特性可以很好地兼顾附加的胎面加强件的抗切割性和抗冲击性。
附图说明
通过对非限制性表示的和附图所示的实施例的说明，可以更好地理解本发明的特征，其中：
图1为不在公路上行驶的重型汽车的根据本发明的轮胎的子午线截面的示意图。
具体实施方式
所述的尺寸为18.00-33XDT的轮胎包括一个胎体加强件，该加强件由径向的、不可伸长的钢制金属缆索制成的一个帘布层1构成。所述帘布层1一般通过围绕胎边钢丝2向上翻转而形成胎体加强件的向上部分(upturn)10而固定在每一个胎边中，所述向上部分的末端基本上位于侧壁5上面的一半长度处。在轴向的内侧，所述胎体加强件由结构6加强，该结构6由在一个层与下一个层间交叉的脂肪族聚酰胺缆索制成的两个帘布层组成，所述帘布层放置在橡胶混合物7的一致的厚度的轴向中间，而该混合物则基本上在侧壁5的径向中部。在所述胎体加强件1和胎面4之间设有一个胎冠加强件3，该加强件从径向内部向外包括：
——称为环带层的两个帘布层31；它由不可伸长的金属缆索构成，该缆索与圆周方向成8°角，其轴向宽度等于胎面轴向宽度L的28％和22％；
——称为工作附件的附件32；该附件由至少两个由不可伸长的金属缆索制成的帘布层320和321组成，该金属缆索在每一个层内互相平行，并在一个层320与下一个层321之间交叉，该两个金属缆索与圆周方向形成分别等于34°和20°的角，所述两个帘布层320和321的轴向宽度分别等于胎面4的宽度L的75％和55％。
一在工作附件32的径向外侧的一个保护附件33；该附件在所述情况下，由两个保护帘布层330和331组成，所述两个帘布层由在一个层330和下一个层331之间交叉的所谓的弹性缆索构成，并与圆周方向形成28°的角度，所述两个保护帘布层330和331的轴向宽度为较宽的帘布层330的轴向宽度(宽度L的89％)比较宽的工作帘布层320的轴向宽度大，而较窄的帘布层331(宽度L的68％)的轴向宽度比较窄的工作帘布层321的轴向宽度大；
一在赤道平面中测量，根据轴向测量点可清楚地看见的，厚度为D的胎面4的没有槽的部分中布置有一个附加的胎面加强件34；所述加强件由脂肪族聚酰胺的单丝制成的两个帘布层340和341构成，该单丝在每一层内互相平行，并在一个层与下一个层之间交叉，该单丝相对于圆周方向形成55°的角度。所述两个帘布层340和341的轴向宽度(宽度L的63％和58％)，比较窄的工作帘布层321的宽度大。所述两个帘布层340和341在径向将形成胎面的没有槽的部分的橡胶混合物分成三个子层，即在附件34的径向下帘布层340和最外的保护帘布层331之间的层35；将两个帘布层340和341隔开的层36；和在附件34的槽底部与径向上帘布层341之间的层37。所述三个层35、36、37在赤道平面上测量的厚度为D0，它在整个轴向宽度上基本上为常数，并等于D/3。
根据所述单丝由聚酰胺制成，并且径向与保护帘布层330和331隔开的特点，可最大限度减少切割向附件的扩展，使它可以完成保护和阻止工作帘布层之间分开的两个作用，还可改善耐刺穿性。根据所述单丝排列方向成等于或接近55°角，并且附件34与给定的充填结构(在所述情况下，加强件所占体积等于总体积的15％)的特点，可避免整个胎冠部分过大的挠曲刚度，并对抗冲击没有不利影响，相反，还可改善抗冲击性。
所得到的结果特别证明了抗切割性。对于相同数目的在岩石地面上的滚动小时，同时重复通过盐水池的情况，在径向最外的帘布层341中，看见的切割数目大，但保护帘布层331和330无损伤，而在控制轮胎(没有胎面的有槽的增强部分)中的所述保护帘布层有许多切割，并有水分渗透入和保护帘布层的弹性缆索有初期氧化。

Claims (4)

1、一种不在公路上行驶的汽车的重型轮胎，包括一个径向胎体加强件(1)，一个胎冠加强件(3)，两个胎冠保护帘布层(330，331)，和胎面(4)；该胎体加强件(1)在每一个胎边中固定到一个环形的胎边加强件(2)；该胎冠加强件(3)在胎体加强件(1)的径向上面，由至少两个工作的胎冠帘布层(320，321)构成，该胎冠帘布层则由在所述胎冠帘布层的一个层(320)与下一个层(321)之间交叉的不可伸长的金属缆索制成，所述帘布层的宽度至少等于胎面(4)的宽度L的50％；两个胎冠保护帘布层(330，331)在上述两个工作胎冠帘布层的径向上面，由在所述胎冠保护帘布层的一个层(330)与下一个层(331)之间交叉的所谓弹性金属缆索制成；胎面(4)在其厚度为D的没有槽的部分，包括至少一个加强件的附件(34)；其特征在于，所述附件(34)由在每一个层中互相平行的纺织单丝的至少两个帘布层(340，341)构成，所述两个帘布层(340，341)的轴向宽度至少等于较窄的工作帘布层(321)的宽度。
2、如权利要求1所述的轮胎，其特征在于，该纺织单丝在一个层(340)与另一个层(341)之间交叉，并相对于圆周方向成一个50°-60°的角度。
3、如权利要求1所述的轮胎，其特征在于，该纺织单丝的材料为聚酰胺。
4、如权利要求1所述的轮胎，其特征在于，在每单位轴向宽度和每单位胎面(4)的没有槽部分的圆周长度中，加强件帘布层(340，341)所占的体积最多等于整体积的20％，因此，橡胶混合物的体积至少等于所述总体积的80％。
CNB028092732A 2001-05-03 2002-04-29 轮胎的胎冠帘布层加强件 Expired - Fee Related CN100358737C (zh)

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FR0105950A FR2824295A1 (fr) 2001-05-03 2001-05-03 Armature de sommet pour pneumatique de genie-civil
FR01/05950 2001-05-03

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FR2824295A1 (fr) 2002-11-08
US20040089391A1 (en) 2004-05-13
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JP2004524219A (ja) 2004-08-12
ES2248579T3 (es) 2006-03-16
CA2444954A1 (fr) 2002-11-14
DE60205617T2 (de) 2006-05-18
ZA200308220B (en) 2004-05-25
US6945294B2 (en) 2005-09-20
ATE302124T1 (de) 2005-09-15
RU2003134957A (ru) 2005-04-10
CN1507393A (zh) 2004-06-23
EP1392529B1 (fr) 2005-08-17
EP1392529A1 (fr) 2004-03-03
BR0209301A (pt) 2004-06-15
WO2002090135A1 (fr) 2002-11-14

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