CN100350191C - 纳米催化氧化空气过滤系统 - Google Patents

纳米催化氧化空气过滤系统 Download PDF

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CN100350191C
CN100350191C CNB028288432A CN02828843A CN100350191C CN 100350191 C CN100350191 C CN 100350191C CN B028288432 A CNB028288432 A CN B028288432A CN 02828843 A CN02828843 A CN 02828843A CN 100350191 C CN100350191 C CN 100350191C
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罗国勇·安东尼
赵汝恒·克里斯托弗
罗瑞真
林云聪
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种纳米催化氧化空气过滤系统，含有可去除微粒的预过滤层，催化床：如孔道大小由0.4-2纳米不等的沸石、微米或纳米孔道晶体物质，来过滤空气中的污染物，污染物连同电离子群被吸附于以上孔道过滤材料，随即被催化氧化或分解于孔道当中，其中的电离子群可被其它氧化物发生器产生的氧化物所代替，另外，以上催化床还可包含含有过渡金属的沸石，并用发热来代替或协助氧化物发生器来把物料再生，当开启发热器，过渡金属会催化污染物于孔道中的氧化分解过程，最终催化氧化过程后只会产生细水份子及二氧化碳，细菌也被杜绝在清洁干净的环境中。

Description

纳米催化氧化空气过滤系统
技术领域
本发明涉及空气处理领域，是一种可处理气态污染物的空气净化系统，特别是一种可永久分解气体污染物，并能不断自我再生的空气过滤净化系统。
背景技术
现代家居及商业建筑物内的空气污染问题往往对健康造成很多不良影响，特别是有机挥发物、二氧化氮及臭氧造成的问题尤其严重，其中原因包括室内家俬的制造材料及其他人为因素所致。而目前一般的通风系统也未能彻底的解决问题，因为循环抽风所吸入的室外空气质量也未必合乎理想，而且混入大量室外空气，也会增加空调系统的能源负担。
一般的空气清新机大多只使用活性炭作为吸附剂来处理气味的问题，但活性炭的性能会随着时间减退而需要频频更换，使运作成本提高。活性炭当中的多态孔结构能同时对气体污染物及水份进行吸附，相互削弱，使其吸附效能相对下降。再者，在吸附作用时所产生的热能会使其结构变得多态化，这会进一步削减活性炭的吸附效能。而且，活性炭在热效方面的不稳定性使之不能有效地通过热能进行再生。在一般的吸附过程中，污染物并非被分解或破坏，而是从空气中转移到过滤媒体，因此过滤媒体的清理程序将会导致二次污染或造成危险。在以前的发明，如美国专利US 5,827,355所展示的系统中，活性炭被盛载在一个内置的装置中以电流进行重生，然而此技术需在非常高温下使用，甚至比沸石的再生温度更高。再者，再生过程会把已吸附的污染物再次排进空气中。
光触媒空气清新机，如美国专利US 5,835,840所述，是目前较好的可永久消除污染物的系统，其维修及运作费用也比较低。可惜，相对地此技术的空气处理能力比较慢，处理效果不明显。在美国专利US 6,358,374中所展示的则是一个混合了光触媒及吸附技术的系统，但该系统的处理方法比较麻烦，因为吸附体需要被周期性加热，加热后所释放的污染物需再进入另一个光触媒反应室作分解。如果此系统发生故障或泄漏，那此高浓度的污染物便将构成危险。而且，在处理比较大量的污染物时需做预先吸附，然后再进行再生。
本发明的优胜之处在于能持续地分解已吸附于过滤层中的污染物，持续地使过滤材料再生而不需要加热，有异于其它系统中需要用热能来分解及排走污染物，在整个再生过程中污染物一直被困于沸石中，直至被完全氧化为止，因此是一个既轻便又安全的空气过滤系统。
离子发生器是一种很普通的装置，但此装置处理化学污染物的效果稍弱。极化离子群一般对杀死细菌及分解臭味较为有效，但是单独使用离子发生器对处理空气的效率很低，因为等离子与空气污染物及细菌相互接触的机会其实是很少的，当散播在空气中的离子与空气中的氧分子发生反应时，臭氧便会产生，而过量臭氧对健康是有害的。
分子筛，例如沸石及其有关的晶体材料，孔径由0.4纳米到2纳米不等，其具有高透气性，能有效地吸附气体分子。合成沸石可以有选择性地随着其晶体形状、排列方向、吸水量及化学特性来吸附污染物，这利于发展有针对性的吸附网，从而提高个别的吸附效果。相对于活性炭，沸石的制作合成成本更低。再者，沸石的制作过程环保，所用的原材料都是循环再用物料，如煤灰、废玻璃、硅藻和氧化铝等，其制作方法可参照美国专利US 6,299,854。
沸石的热效特性使它能够再生。在室温中，污染气体会被沸石吸附，原因为其高透气性及分子结构的弱极性。当温度升至45℃时，被吸附的气体份子便会开始从沸石中释放回大气当中。在一个只有沸石而没有设定再生反应的系统中，污染物便只会被困在沸石当中。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明的目的是提供一种纳米催化氧化空气过滤系统，该系统可以去除室内的气体污染物和异味。
本发明进一步的目的是提供能持续自我再生的半永久性过滤层。
本发明进一步的目的是把气体污染物从过滤层的微细空间中完全地分解并去除。
本发明进一步的目的是有效的控制臭氧的排量。
本发明进一步的目的是令保养及运作过程更经济、环保。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：一种纳米催化氧化空气过滤系统，其特征在于包括：-处理尘埃的预设过滤层或ULPA过滤层；-可过滤空气中的气体污染物，细菌及尘埃的，盛载有粒状或其它形状的过滤材料的透气匣，所述的过滤材料为微米或纳米孔径的氧化金属框架材料，或内含过渡金属的沸石类材料；-植于过滤材料内的发热器；-风扇。
上述一种纳米催化氧化空气过滤系统，还可包括有离子发生器。
在本发明中，就是利用沸石优越的吸附特性，同时在其特有孔道中加上催化及氧化过程。气体污染物与离子发生器产生的离子或氧化物发生器所产生的氧化物可同时吸附于纳米材料，例如沸石的孔道当中，这样可有效地提高氧化分解过程的效率，由于氧化过程不断在纳米孔道中进行，亦即纳米材料在持续地进行自我再生。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图；
图2是本发明系统的一种排列方式的示意简图；
图3是本发明系统的另一种排列方式的示意简图；
图4是本发明权利要求3所述系统的结构示意图；
图5是本发明权利要求4所述系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例一，如图1所示的具体例子，本发明设计包括一个载满沸石(沸石直径2-6毫米，为颗粒状或条状)的透气匣1，一个离子产生器2摆放在透气匣1的中间，风扇3把空气抽到透气匣1内的中空位置，混和离子发生器2所生产的电离子后进入沸石滤层。整个系统除入风及排气两端外均须要完全密封。ULPA过滤层5则须置于入风位的前端，以作预先处理空气6中的微粒及排除大粒子进入系统内影响其效率和引致高温线路燃烧的可能性。
在这个整体构造中，风扇3、沸石组及离子发生器2的位置安排是可以改变的。只要离子发生器2是放置于空气流向行程中沸石组的前端便可。沸石组的厚度可为1.2-7.6厘米均可，视乎所处理的空间大小而定，风扇3所提供的风速为0.005-0.1米/秒，可置于离子发生器2及沸石组之前(如图2)，把空气污染物及电离子混合并推送进沸石组当中。这个风扇3亦可置于离子发生器2及沸石组的后方(如图3)，把空气中的污染物及电离子抽进沸石组当中。
当空气进入本系统中时，便会与以30-60kV运作的离子发生器2产生的电离子发生碰撞，这便会制造出带正荷及负荷的离子4，在这个阶段中，被释放的电离子会把细菌及空气中的污染物消灭。此后，电离子及污染物同时进入沸石组当中，发生催化氧化反应，分解沸石组内的污染物。
盛戴沸石的透气匣需要用塑料或绝缘金属来制作，以免被离子氧化及破坏。沸石中的孔道为0.4-2纳米，视乎污染物及氧化物的大小而定。如使用的孔道太小，便只能容纳污染物或氧化物中的一种，使它们两者共同进行的氧化过程不能发生。
所采用沸石的孔道大小及类别是根据室内空气评估实验来确定的，从而断定室内的污染物应采用何种沸石来处理。如亲水性沸石可用来对付极性污染物，例如主要为甲醛、氯气、烷醇的污染空间。疏水性沸石则用于处理以非极性污染物为主环境，例如甲苯、苯、碳氢化合物等。沸石可锁住污染物并提供一个活性空间给电离子及污染物发生有效的反应，因此本发明比一般只使用沸石作污染吸附更为有效，而离子不断地再生沸石中的孔道，使之成为一个接近永久性的多式滤层。
实施例二，将其中的离子发生器2以一个6kV运作的臭氧发生器来代替使用，因为臭氧能进行电离子一般的催化氧化反应。过多的臭氧可通过沸石层中的一些孔道大小合适的沸石处理。为确保使用的安全性，还可提供一个有效的臭氧控制系统，例如在系统中放置一臭氧感应器进行监测，一旦臭氧排放过多时，可以立刻把臭氧发生器关掉。
实施例三，如图4所示，以孔道性质与沸石相若的多孔性晶体材料代替沸石作为过滤材料，此类晶体材料可以是含有过渡金属的氧化金属框架物质。在由金属氧化物或含过渡金属的沸石组成的滤料当中植入一个200W或以上的发热器7。盛载过滤材料的透气箱8以金属或耐热材料制成。内置的发热器7可被调较至45℃或以上，以循环开关的模式，不断把吸附有污染物的金属氧化物或沸石媒体进行再生。滤料中的过渡金属起到催化的作用从而氧化污染物。就如前述的设计一样，再生后的副产品均为无害的水份及二氧化碳。再者，关闭发热器时对空调房间的节能有利。
实施例四，如图5所示，在系统中同时使用氧化物发生器9及200W或以上的发热器7，有助于提高再生的效率。过滤材料可采用沸石、微米或纳米孔径的氧化金属框架材料或内含过渡金属的沸石类材料。氧化物发生器9有助于持续清理及使用孔道，令微米或纳米孔径的金属氧化物或沸石滤层再生，而发热器7则在通风时开启，有助于更进一步的清除污染物。

Claims (2)

1.一种纳米催化氧化空气过滤系统，其特征在于包括：
-处理尘埃的预设过滤层或ULPA过滤层；
-可过滤空气中的气体污染物，细菌及尘埃的，盛载有粒状或其它形状的过滤材料的透气匣，所述的过滤材料为微米或纳米孔径的氧化金属框架材料，或内含过渡金属的沸石类材料；
-植于过滤材料内的发热器；
-风扇。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米催化氧化空气过滤系统，其特征在于：还包括有离子发生器。
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