CN100349831C - Green organic agricultural fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Green organic agricultural fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN100349831C CN100349831C CNB2006101045522A CN200610104552A CN100349831C CN 100349831 C CN100349831 C CN 100349831C CN B2006101045522 A CNB2006101045522 A CN B2006101045522A CN 200610104552 A CN200610104552 A CN 200610104552A CN 100349831 C CN100349831 C CN 100349831C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses one new kind of green organic agricultural fertilizer and its preparation process. The material for the green organic agricultural fertilizer consists of coal gangue powder 20-30 wt%, stalk powder 10 -20 wt%, urea 5-10 wt%, calcium superphosphate 20-30 wt%, monoammonium phosphate 5-10 wt%, potassium sulfate 5-10 wt%, bentonite 5-10 wt%, biofertilizer fermenting agent 5-8 wt%, and trace elements 2 wt%. The green organic agricultural fertilizer can strengthen plant resistance, reduce pesticide using amount to protect ecotope, raise yield and quality of agricultural product, prevent soil hardening and pollution and optimize plant growth conditions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizer, relate to the method for utilizing biochemical technology to prepare a kind of organic fertilizer, specifically utilize industrial produced wastes bastard coal and agriculture production wastes straw to be basic raw material, adopt modern biochemical technology to become a kind of organic agricultural fertilizer with the vanguard technology purified.
Background technology
Along with the development of agriculture production, the peasant utilizes chemical fertilizer to obtain the grain high yield in recent years, utilizes highly toxic pesticide to prevent and treat the harm of disease and pest to farm crop.But above-mentioned chemical fertilizer and highly toxic pesticide have also brought potential hazard also for agricultural, and the development that spreads along with this harm has directly endangered human beings'health.As the agricultural-food (grain, fruit, vegetables) that use highly toxic pesticide to produce all can inevitably carry the pesticide residue material; The life-time service chemical fertilizer can cause soil compaction in the arable soil of rural area; destroyed soil aggregate; influenced the soil microorganisms eubiosis; make soil fertility fall sharply; bring the hidden danger of the underproduction for later agriculture production, also can cause the agricultural product quality quality of production seriously to descend, the national Ministry of Agriculture had recognized this point in these several years; require soil to use organic fertilizer to improve this state, preserve the ecological environment and human body health.
At present existing many fertiliser production producer is at the fertilizer of development of new, but can not satisfy the demands far away, and therefore developing organic agricultural fertilizer also is the focus that the insider pays close attention to.
Summary of the invention
Defective and deficiency at above-mentioned prior art existence, the objective of the invention is to, a kind of organic agricultural fertilizer and preparation method thereof is provided, organic agricultural fertilizer of the present invention utilizes microbial fermentation bastard coal and agriculture production wastes straw to be basic raw material, add nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element, be refined into high reactivity with modern advanced production worker, multi-functional, nontoxic, nuisanceless organic granulated fertilizer, wherein contain the crude substance of various plants nutritive element, fertilizer efficiency period is long.
In order to realize above-mentioned task, the present invention takes following technical solution:
A kind of organic agricultural fertilizer, the material composition and the weight percent thereof that it is characterized in that this organic agricultural fertilizer of making are: coal-gangue-powder: 20%~30%, straw powder: 10%~20%, urea: 5%~10%, calcium superphosphate: 20%~30%, monoammonium phosphate: 5%~10%, vitriolate of tartar: 5%~10%, wilkinite: 5%~10%, bio-feritlizer starter: 5%~8%, trace element 2%, the summation of above-mentioned raw materials is 100%.
Above-mentioned trace element is the mixture of copper, manganese, iron and the zinc of equivalent.
Its preparation method is:
The first step, bastard coal and crushed stalk to 50~80 orders with in the prescription sieve, in coal-gangue-powder, press formula rate then and add the bio-feritlizer starter, mix with straw powder, mixed composite powder carries out spontaneous fermentation between temperature 50-70 degree, takes out standby as basic material in 5~7 days;
Second step added urea, calcium superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar, wilkinite and trace element by prescription in above-mentioned basic material, even with the stirrer thorough mixing.
In the 3rd step, it is that the granulating disc of 16r/min~20r/min carries out granulation that second mixture that obtain of step is sent into rotating speed, promptly gets fertiliser granulates;
The 4th step, the fertiliser granulates that causes type to be inserted drying machine with conveying belt dry, the drying machine rotating speed is 5r/min~6r/min, and bake out temperature remains on 60~80 degree, and the fertiliser granulates that comes out from drying machine passes through the separating screen sorting, gets product.
Organic agricultural fertilizer of the present invention, effectively utilized the stalk after trade waste bastard coal and the agriculture production, bastard coal and stalk by microbial fermentation after and add the required nitrogen of plant, phosphorus, potassium, add organic, strengthened product activity, easily directly absorbed by plant, the toxic chemical substance that can also decompose the passivation synthetic, the chemical fertilizer of having degraded, the phosphorus that is cured in harmful chemical component that agricultural chemicals brings to soil and the dissolving soil, nutritive ingredients such as potassium trace element, increase available nutrient of soil content and organic content, improve the crumb structure and the microbial ecological balance of soil, the permeability that strengthens soil is protected fertile water retention capacity, impels plant-growth, decomposes remains of pesticide, solved the disease that exists in the soil and brought harm, solved the problem of environmental pollution that long-term accumulation of bastard coal and crop straw burning cause to plant growth.Its preparation technology's drying condition requires temperature not high, saves the energy.
Production Flow Chart that its preparation method is determined and equipment determine to have higher adaptability and reliability according to material characteristic.Employing fine coal is fuel, meets national energy policy, can reduce cost significantly, is beneficial to and applies, and power consumption significantly reduces.Batching is selected the normal temperature granulation for use, once shaped, and its physical strength height, it is few to make it fertilizer loss when oven dry, and flue dust is few.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described to provide embodiment and test-results below in conjunction with the contriver.
Embodiment 1:
1) prescription (weight ratio):
Coal-gangue-powder: 25%, straw powder: 15%, urea: 10%, calcium superphosphate: 20%, monoammonium phosphate: 10%, vitriolate of tartar: 5%, wilkinite: 5%, the bio-feritlizer starter: 8%, trace element 2%.
2) preparation method
The first step, with bastard coal and crushed stalk to 50~80 orders in the prescription, sieve, in coal-gangue-powder, press formula rate then and add the bio-feritlizer starter, mix with straw powder, mixed composite powder is inserted fermentation vat, carries out spontaneous fermentation between temperature 50-70 degree, takes out standby as basic material in 5~7 days;
Second step added urea, calcium superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar, wilkinite and trace element by prescription in above-mentioned basic material, even with the stirrer thorough mixing.
In the 3rd step, it is that the granulating disc of 16r/min~20r/min carries out granulation that second mixture that obtain of step is sent into rotating speed, promptly gets fertiliser granulates;
The 4th step, the fertiliser granulates that causes type to be inserted drying machine with conveying belt dry, the drying machine rotating speed is 5r/min~6r/min, and bake out temperature remains on 60~80 degree, and the fertiliser granulates that comes out from drying machine passes through the separating screen sorting, gets product.
Above-mentioned trace element is the mixture of copper, manganese, iron and the zinc of equivalent, and promptly copper, manganese, iron and zinc are respectively 0.5% mixing and can obtain 2% micro-total amount.
The mentioned microorganism modulator is selected from the bio-feritlizer starter that Beijing legendary god of farming adopts the development and production of standing grain biotechnology company, it is nontoxic, harmless, pollution-free, do not burn root, do not burn seedling, keep soil from packing together, culture fertility, be applicable to various soil, various crops, the incomparable superiority of other chemical fertilizer is arranged, to improving product quality, increase crop yield, unusual effect is all arranged.
Embodiment 2:
Present embodiment and embodiment 1 different only be that prescription is chosen difference, promptly prescription is: coal-gangue-powder: 20%, straw powder: 20%, urea: 7.5%, calcium superphosphate: 20%, monoammonium phosphate: 7.5%, vitriolate of tartar: 10%, wilkinite: 7%, the bio-feritlizer starter: 6%, trace element 2%.All the other are all with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
Present embodiment and embodiment 1 different only be that prescription is chosen difference, promptly prescription is: coal-gangue-powder: 30%, straw powder: 10%, urea: 5%, calcium superphosphate: 30%, monoammonium phosphate: 5%, Repone K: 5%, wilkinite: 5%, the bio-feritlizer starter: 8%, trace element 2%.All the other are all with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4: present embodiment and embodiment 1 different only be that prescription is chosen difference, promptly prescription is: coal-gangue-powder: 20%, straw powder: 18%, urea: 12%, calcium superphosphate: 20%, monoammonium phosphate: 7%, Repone K: 7%, zeolite powder: 8%, the bio-feritlizer starter: 6%, trace element 2%.All the other are all with embodiment 1.
The all right exclusive list of the foregoing description as space is limited, no longer provides, in a word, the invention is not restricted to these embodiment, as long as in the scope of technical solution of the present invention, can both reach purpose of the present invention according to the demand adjustment of location soil regime and crop classification.
The organic agricultural fertilizer that the foregoing description obtains (name is called great extra large refined organic fertilizer), wherein organic content is more than 30%, and other nutritive element composition is more than 45%, through the field systematic testing, the fertilizer function is complete, nutrient is concentrated, and fertilizer efficiency period is long, can make wheat increase yield 15%, corn is made volume increase 25%, gourd, fruit and vegetable volume increase 35%, volume increase such as apple citrus 25%, cotton increasing production of rice about 20%.
The field systematic testing that below to be the contriver carried out according to the great extra large refined organic fertilizer of the foregoing description preparation in continuous 2 years is tested report, and the executable unit of this test is Shaanxi Province's Baishui County soil and fertilizer workstation.
Apple tree trial report one:
1. test objective:
The fertilizer efficiency of observing great extra large refined organic fertilizer and local fertilizer of the same type commonly used is grown apple development and effect of increasing production compares in order to explore, and has arranged test this year on apple, for the large scale application of Baishui County orchard provides scientific basis in Shaanxi Province.
2. test period and place
Test period: in March, 2004~2004 year October, the place is in village of the little hollow end of the Baishui County Bei Jingtouxiang of Shaanxi Province.
3. situation experimental field
Test orchard height above sea level 836m, physical features is smooth, soil type: loessal soil, quality are the loam class, 2 grades of soil fertility grades, 5 mu of areas; Fruit variety: the Fuji apple, the age of tree 11 years, the tree vigo(u)r neat and consistent, level of management are higher.Gather the 0-40cm soil sample before test is handled, it is as follows that chemical examination records the basic nutrient situation of soil:
For the basic nutrient situation of examination orchard soil
Project | Fertilizer (%) | Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (ppm) | Rapid available phosphorus (ppm) | Available potassium (ppm) | PH value |
Content | 1.3 | 58.8 | 15.2 | 133 | 7.0 |
4. test design and processing
4.1 test design
Random alignment is adopted in test, three processing, and three repetitions, each handles 5 trees.
4.2 test is handled
1. (CK) do not apply fertilizer;
2. execute 150 kilograms/mu of great extra large refined organic fertilizers;
3. use 150 kilograms/mu in fertilizer of the same type.
5. test is implemented and field management
5.1 test is implemented:
Test fertilizer is in the March in this year, and the ring-type trench digging once applies before the fruit tree bud.
5.2 field management
Test is sprayed the medicine prevention and elimination of disease and pests 5 times in orchard 3-8 month, intertill and clean tillage 3 times, and pour water once early stage.
Current season climatic characteristic and apple development grow
6.1 precipitation:
This year is at Pingguo growth period co-falling water 523.6mm, the many 154mm of the 369.6mm same period over the years, January-June rainfall amount few, precipitation was on the high side in 7,8,9 three months.
6.2 illumination:
In January, 2004~2004 lighting delay number in year October 2396 hours is than reducing 144.6 hours 2540.6 hours same periods over the years.In a word, on the high side in apple quantity of precipitation breeding time, temperature is moderate, and illumination is suitable, and weather helps growing of apple and tests the performance of fertilizer efficiency.
7. test result analysis
7.1 influence to output
From following table 1, the contrast per mu yield is 2364.3 kilograms, and using great extra large refined organic fertilizer per mu yield is 2845.3 kilograms, and the contrast volume increase 20.3%, and using similar fertilizer output is 2674.0 kilograms, and the contrast volume increase 13.1%.From variance analysis (table 2, table 3, table 4), different treatment all has effect of increasing production, especially with great extra large refined organic fertilizer effect of increasing production the best.
7.2 influence to the fruit quality
After seeing that from table 5,6 apple is used great extra large refined organic fertilizer, single fruit weight contrast increases by 29.6 grams, and degree of staining contrast improves 16.8%, and sugar degree contrast increases by 1.5%.
7.3 influence to the fruit tree biology proterties
From table 7, after apple was used great extra large refined organic fertilizer, blinds fresh weight contrast increased by 5.1 grams, and the leaf area ratio contrast increases 3.97m
2, bud forms number and contrasts 10 of increases.
8, conclusion and suggestion
8.1 conclusion: after apple tree is used great extra large refined organic fertilizer, the fruit tree growth stalwartness, blade is dark green, and early defoliation disease does not take place in the drought resisting strong stress resistance.And the fruit face is bright and clean, painted good, and sugar degree improves, and can improve the visual appearance and the interior quality of apple, obvious effect of increasing production.
8.2 suggestion: the test effect of this product on fruit tree proves, great extra large refined organic fertilizer obvious effect of increasing production can enlarge demonstration and large scale application next year.
Table 1: various different treatment yield result tables
Table 2: analysis of variance table
Source of variation | Sum of squares | Degree of freedom | Square root of the variance | F | 5% | 1% |
Between processing | 356609.56 | 2 | 178304.78 | 4927.84 ** | 6.94 | 18.00 |
Between repetition | 29.55 | 2 | 14.78 | 1.23 | 6.94 | 18.00 |
Error | 47.78 | 4 | 11.94 | |||
Total variation | 356686.89 | 8 |
Table 3: the minimum significantly extreme difference table of multiple range test
P | 2 | 3 |
SSR 0.05 | 3.93 | 4.01 |
LSR 0.05 | 6.76 | 6.94 |
SSR 0.01 | 6.51 | 6.80 |
SSR 0.05 | 11.26 | 11.76 |
Table 4: volume variance table
Handle title | Average yield per mu (kilogram) | The significance difference opposite sex | |
5% | 1% | ||
Great extra large refined organic fertilizer (the present invention) | 2845.3 | a | A |
Local fertilizer of the same type | 2674.0 | b | B |
(CK) do not apply fertilizer | 2364.3 | c | c |
Table 5: apple quality questionnaire
Table 6: apple single fruit weight questionnaire
Table 7: fruit tree growth changes questionnaire
Trial report two on apple
1. test objective
The fertilizer efficiency of observing great extra large refined organic fertilizer and local fertilizer of the same type commonly used is grown apple development and effect of increasing production compares in order further to explore, and has arranged test on apple, for providing scientific basis in the large scale application of orchard, the county.
2. test period and place
This test period is in March, 2005~2005 year October, and the place is in wasteland village, Baishui County Feng Lei town, Shaanxi Province.
2, situation experimental field
Test orchard height above sea level 825m, physical features is smooth, soil type: loessal soil, quality: loam class, 2 grades of soil fertility grades.5 mu of areas, fruit variety: the Fuji apple, the age of tree 13 years, the tree vigo(u)r neat and consistent, level of management are higher.Gather the 0-40cm soil sample before test is handled, it is as follows that chemical examination records the basic nutrient situation of soil:
For the basic nutrient situation of examination orchard soil
Project | Fertilizer (%) | Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (ppm) | Rapid available phosphorus (ppm) | Available potassium (ppm) | PH value |
Content | 1.2 | 66.2 | 17.3 | 138 | 7.2 |
3. test design and processing
3.1 test design:
Random alignment is adopted in test, three processing, and three repetitions, each handles 5 trees.
3.2 test is handled
1. (CK) do not apply fertilizer
2. execute 150 kilograms/mu of great extra large refined organic fertilizers;
3. use 150 kilograms/mu in fertilizer of the same type.
4. test is implemented and field management
4.1 test is implemented:
Test fertilizer is in the March, 2005, and the ring-type trench digging once applies before fruit tree bud.
4.2 field management:
Test orchard 3-2005 in 2005 sprays the medicine prevention and elimination of disease and pests 6 times August, intertill and clean tillage 4 times, and pour water 1 early stage.
Current season climatic characteristic and apple development grow
5.1 precipitation
Than the many 204.2mm of the 369.6mm same period over the years, January to June rainfall amount was few at Pingguo growth period co-falling water 573.8mm in 2005, and precipitation was on the high side in 7,8,9 three months.
5.2 illumination
In January, 2005~2005 lighting delay number in year October 2328 hours, than reducing 112.6 hours 2540.6 hours same periods over the years. in a word, apple quantity of precipitation breeding time was on the high side in 2005, and temperature is moderate, illumination is suitable, and weather helps growing of apple and tests the performance of fertilizer efficiency.
6, test result analysis
6.1 influence to output
From table 1, the contrast per mu yield is 2286.0 kilograms, using great extra large refined organic fertilizer per mu yield of the present invention is 2792.7 kilograms, the contrast volume increase 22.1%, using similar fertilizer output is 2685.0 kilograms, and the contrast volume increase 17.4%, from variance analysis, different treatment all has effect of increasing production, especially with great extra large refined organic fertilizer effect of increasing production the best.
6.2 influence to the fruit quality
After seeing that from table 5,6 apple is used great extra large refined organic fertilizer, single fruit weight contrast increases by 33.0 grams, and degree of staining contrast improves 18.5%, and sugar amount contrast increases by 1.7%.
6.3 influence to the fruit tree biology proterties
From table 7, after apple was used great extra large refined organic fertilizer of the present invention, blinds fresh weight contrast increased by 5.6 grams, and the leaf area ratio contrast increases 4.26m
2, bud forms number and contrasts 12 of increases.
7, conclusion and suggestion
7.1 conclusion
After apple is used great extra large refined organic fertilizer of the present invention, the fruit tree growth stalwartness, blade is dark green, and early defoliation disease does not take place in the drought resisting strong stress resistance, and the fruit face is bright and clean, painted good, and sugar degree improves, and can improve the visual appearance and the interior quality of apple, obvious effect of increasing production.
7.2 suggestion
The test effect of this product on fruit tree proves, obvious effect of increasing production can enlarge demonstration and large scale application next year.
Table 1: each handles the yield result table
Table 2: analysis of variance table
Source of variation | Sum of squares | Degree of freedom | Square root of the variance | F | 5% | 1% |
Between processing | 427504.22 | 2 | 213752.11 | 4464.43** | 6.94 | 18.00 |
Between repetition | 13.56 | 2 | 6.78 | 0.46 | 6.94 | 18.00 |
Error | 59.11 | 4 | 14.77 | |||
Total variation | 427576.89 | 8 |
Table 3: the minimum significantly extreme difference table of multiple range test
P | 2 | 3 |
SSR0.05 | 3.93 | 4.01 |
LSR0.05 | 8.72 | 8.86 |
SSR0.01 | 6.51 | 6.80 |
SSR0.01 | 14.38 | 15.02 |
Table 4: volume variance table
Handle title | Average yield per mu (kilogram) | The significance difference opposite sex | |
5% | 1% | ||
Great extra large refined organic fertilizer | 2792.7 | a | A |
Local fertilizer of the same type | 2685.0 | b | B |
(CK) do not apply fertilizer | 2286.0 | c | C |
Table 5: apple quality questionnaire
Table 6: apple quality questionnaire
Table 7: apple quality questionnaire
Claims (6)
1. organic agricultural fertilizer, the material composition and the weight percent thereof that it is characterized in that this organic agricultural fertilizer of making are: coal-gangue-powder: 20%~30%, straw powder: 10%~20%, urea: 5%~10%, calcium superphosphate: 20%~30%, monoammonium phosphate: 5%~10%, vitriolate of tartar: 5%~10%, wilkinite: 5%~10%, bio-feritlizer starter: 5%~8%, trace element: 2%, the summation of above-mentioned raw materials is 100%.
2. green organic agricultural fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described trace element is the mixture of copper, manganese, iron and the zinc of equivalent.
3. green organic agricultural fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described vitriolate of tartar adopts Repone K to replace, and wilkinite adopts zeolite powder to replace.
4. the preparation method of the described organic fertilizer of claim 1 is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
The first step, bastard coal and crushed stalk to 50~80 orders with in the prescription sieve, in coal-gangue-powder, press formula rate then and add the bio-feritlizer starter, mix with straw powder, mixed composite powder carries out spontaneous fermentation between temperature 50-70 ℃, takes out standby as basic material in 5~7 days;
In second step, in above-mentioned basic material, add urea, calcium superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar, wilkinite and micro-even with the stirrer thorough mixing by prescription;
In the 3rd step, it is that the granulating disc of 16r/min~20r/min carries out granulation that second mixture that obtain of step is sent into rotating speed, promptly gets fertiliser granulates;
The 4th step, the fertiliser granulates that causes type to be inserted drying machine with conveying belt dry, the drying machine rotating speed is 5r/min~6r/min, and bake out temperature remains on 60~80 degree, and the fertiliser granulates that comes out from drying machine passes through the separating screen sorting, gets product.
5. method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described trace element is the mixture of copper, manganese, iron and the zinc of equivalent.
6. method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that described vitriolate of tartar adopts Repone K to replace, and wilkinite adopts zeolite powder to replace.
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CN101445405B (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2011-03-16 | 陕西雅枫菌业科技有限公司 | Compound bio-organic fertilizer and manufacturing method thereof |
CN102144441A (en) * | 2010-12-06 | 2011-08-10 | 西南大学 | Method for improving eluviation resistance of potassium in sandy soil |
CN102399113A (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2012-04-04 | 王夕刚 | Artificial soil and manufacturing method thereof |
CN102718589B (en) * | 2012-06-12 | 2013-10-23 | 中咨海盛(北京)生物技术有限公司 | Plant nutritional agent containing trace elements |
CN103224417A (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2013-07-31 | 焦作市宗源生态产业有限公司 | Biological organic fertilizer and production method thereof |
CN106699288A (en) * | 2016-12-04 | 2017-05-24 | 钦州市星火计划办公室 | Tobacco bio-fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
CN107365190A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-11-21 | 太仓市雅丰农场专业合作社 | The preparation method of compound organic agricultural fertilizer |
CN109809946A (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2019-05-28 | 黄国林 | A kind of microbial-bacterial fertilizer |
CN112661567A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-04-16 | 新疆大漠奇观生态科技有限公司 | Composite organic fertilizer soil conditioner based on natural sodium bentonite |
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CN1279227A (en) * | 1999-06-24 | 2001-01-10 | 陈涣文 | Organic fertilizer |
CN1569771A (en) * | 2003-07-21 | 2005-01-26 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Compound fertilizer produced by straw ammonium-sulfite pulping papermaking waste liquid |
CN1609066A (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2005-04-27 | 新疆正义农业科技有限公司 | Biological organic cotton dreg fertilizer and its production process |
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Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN1279227A (en) * | 1999-06-24 | 2001-01-10 | 陈涣文 | Organic fertilizer |
CN1569771A (en) * | 2003-07-21 | 2005-01-26 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Compound fertilizer produced by straw ammonium-sulfite pulping papermaking waste liquid |
CN1609066A (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2005-04-27 | 新疆正义农业科技有限公司 | Biological organic cotton dreg fertilizer and its production process |
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