CN100349316C - 燃料电池分隔板成型用材料及其制造方法 - Google Patents

燃料电池分隔板成型用材料及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN100349316C
CN100349316C CNB2005100775858A CN200510077585A CN100349316C CN 100349316 C CN100349316 C CN 100349316C CN B2005100775858 A CNB2005100775858 A CN B2005100775858A CN 200510077585 A CN200510077585 A CN 200510077585A CN 100349316 C CN100349316 C CN 100349316C
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李豪燮
金正宪
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Hankook Tire and Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种燃料电池分隔板成型用材料的制造方法,在该方法中使用环氧树脂和作为石墨粉末的板状的膨胀石墨,预先将树脂、固化剂和其它添加剂溶解在丙酮中,然后,将其与石墨混合,由此制造燃料电池分隔板成型用材料。采用由该方法制造的燃料电池分隔板成型用材料制造的燃料电池分隔板具有气体透过率非常低、导电率优良、具有较大的强度且可使产品各部位的固态均质性最大化的效果。

Description

燃料电池分隔板成型用材料及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及燃料电池分隔板成型用材料及其制造方法,以及采用该方法制造的燃料电池分隔板及燃料电池。
作为燃料电池的核心的堆栈包括薄膜电极组件(Membrane electrodeassembly)和被称为分隔板的阳极板(bipolar plate)。其中分隔板起到提供氢和氧、使通过催化反应产生的电子移动的通道作用,且起到按照在各单位电池之间维持绝缘的方式进行分隔作用的核心部件。在燃料电池分隔板应具有的特性中,例如有弯曲强度、抗拉强度、气体透过率、导电率等项目。
背景技术
在现有技术中,作为该分隔板的材料使用了金属材料。但是,在与电解质接触的部分严重发生腐蚀现象,由此成为降低燃料电池的性能和缩短寿命的原因。因此,出现了以在所处的环境中腐蚀抵抗力优良的碳为材料的分隔板。石墨可作为它们的代表。石墨不仅具有耐腐蚀性,而且还具有耐化学性,且其导电率优良,可与金属相当,被提出为可代替金属分隔板的代用方案。
但是,在使用石墨的情况下,难以将其加工成所要的形状,与石墨的价格相比其加工费更高,其结果存在整体制造费用升高的缺点。因此,出现了能够保持石墨的高耐化学性和导电率等优点、且可成型为所希望的形状的碳复合材料分隔板。
这种碳复合材料分隔板,一般通过对石墨粉末和热固化性树脂或热塑性树脂混合,以压缩成型或射出成型的方式制造。一般使用的石墨粉末按照形状可分为球状和板状,按照制造方式可分为天然石墨和膨胀石墨。另外,作为热固化性树脂,使用不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂、苯酚类树脂等。
在使用球状石墨粉末和天然石墨粉末的情况下,不仅在气体透过特性上,而且在导电率和强度特性上存在不良的问题。特别是,在该情况下使用粉末形树脂时,虽然可进行干式混合而存在工序简单的优点,但是,在另一方面,因为原料之间的分散度下降,在产品的均质性方面产生问题,在为提高性能而添加的各种添加剂的使用上也存在极大地受限制的问题。在制造燃料电池堆栈时,该问题最终导致使堆栈能量效率降低的严重的问题。
发明内容
本发明的发明人为了解决现有技术中存在的问题,经过精心研究的结果发现,虽然与环氧树脂一起使用作为石墨粉末的板状的膨胀石墨,但是事先将树脂、固化剂和其它添加剂溶解在丙酮中,然后混合石墨,由此可制造气体透过率非常低、导电率优良、可确保强度、并可使产品各部位的固态均质性最大化的燃料电池分隔板成型用材料,由此完成了本发明。
本发明的目的在于,通过将选择最适合的原料和适合于该原料的制造工序相结合,制造气体透过率非常低、导电率高、表现出高强度,并可使产品内部的固态均质性最大化的燃料电池分隔板成型用材料。
本发明的另一目的在于,提供一种采用由所述方法制造的成型用材料而制造的燃料电池分隔板和燃料电池。
本发明的燃料电池分隔板成型用材料的制造方法的特征在于,将环氧树脂、固化剂、固化促进剂、结合剂溶解于丙酮中,并将其与石墨混合,然后进行干燥和粉碎。
另外,本发明的特征在于,通过所述方法制造的燃料电池分隔板成型用材料、采用所述燃料电池分隔板成型用材料制造的燃料电池分隔板以及采用燃料电池分隔板制造的燃料电池。
通过由本发明制造的燃料电池分隔板成型用材料制造的燃料电池分隔板具有气体透过率非常低、导电率优良、具有较强强度、以及可使产品各部位的固态均质性最大化的效果。
附图说明
图1为对通过本发明的方法制造的燃料电池分隔板和现有的燃料电池分隔板的气体透过率特性进行比较的图表;
图2为对通过本发明的方法制造的燃料电池分隔板和现有的燃料电池分隔板的导电率特性进行比较的图表;
图3为对通过本发明的方法制造的燃料电池分隔板和现有的燃料电池分隔板的弯曲强度特性进行比较的图表;
图4为对通过本发明的方法制造的燃料电池分隔板和现有的燃料电池分隔板的密度特性进行比较的图表。
具体实施方式
在本发明中用来制造燃料电池分隔板成型用材料的基本的组成物质包括环氧树脂、固化剂、固化促进剂、结合剂、石墨粉末。首先,为了使高分子物质和其它添加剂更加均匀地混合,将环氧树脂、固化剂、固化促进剂、结合剂溶解于丙酮中,然后,将其与石墨粉末混合。之后,对流体状态的混合物进行干燥和粉碎,获得本发明的燃料电池分隔板成型用材料。
在本发明中使用的石墨粉末的含量优选的是相对于100重量份的环氧树脂为400~2,200重量份,石墨粉末优选使用形状为板状的,且为膨胀石墨。而石墨粉末的粒子大小可以根据用途和特性而不同,但是优选使用粒子大小在0.005~0.15mm范围的。
作为本发明中使用的树脂,有苯酚树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂(以下称之为UPE)、环氧树脂等,但在其中最优选的是环氧树脂。作为环氧树脂固化用固化剂,可使用胺类、酸酐类。其中更优选的是酸酐类。在本发明中固化剂的含量优选的是相对于100重量份环氧树脂为30~85重量份。
作为用来缩短所述环氧树脂和固化剂的固化时间的固化促进剂,可使用三苯基膦(以下称之为TPP)。该TPP的含量优选的是相对于100重量份的环氧树脂为0.3~6重量份。
另外,作为用来提高石墨粉末和树脂的胶合特性的结合剂,可使用硅烷,其含量优选的是相对于石墨粉末为0.3~6重量%。
根据本发明,为了混合得非常均匀,可以将溶解于丙酮中的环氧树脂、固化剂、固化促进剂、结合剂等混合溶剂与石墨粉末一起放入同时进行公转和自转的混合容器中,将其均匀地混合。
为了蒸发用来使高分子物质和其它添加剂更均匀地混合的溶剂的丙酮,可以将混合物在30~60℃的真空烤箱中放置1~6个小时,然后,进行干燥和粉碎,制造燃料电池分隔板成型用材料。
实施例1
相对于100重量份的环氧树脂添加1,200重量份的石墨粉末、50重量份的酸酐类固化剂、1重量份的作为固化促进剂的TPP。作为结合剂的硅烷的添加量与石墨粉末的质量比为1%。使用的石墨粉末的平均直径为0.05mm,并使用了板状的膨胀石墨。
为了进行均匀的混合,在将环氧树脂、固化剂、固化促进剂、结合剂等溶解于丙酮中后,将其与石墨粉末一起用容器的公转和自转同时进行的混合器进行了混合。
进行混合后,为了蒸发丙酮,在50℃的真空烤箱中放置3个小时,然后,进行粉碎,制造粉末材料,用该粉末材料以压缩成型方式制造了分隔板(以下称之为“本发明分隔板”)。
比较例1
使用与所述实施例中使用的石墨粉末相同粒子大小的球状石墨粉末,与热固化性粉末树脂一起放入而进行干式混合,使用由此获得的材料以压缩成型方式制造了分隔板(以下称之为“现有分隔板”)。对于高分子物质和石墨粉末的混合比,按照与实施例1相同的方式进行了设定。采用由此制造的粉末材料的压缩成型工序的条件也与实施例1完全相同。
在附图中,图1至图4为对本发明的实施例1(本发明分隔板)和作为现有例的比较例1(现有分隔板)的四个主要的物性,也就是气体透过率(图1)、导电率(图2)、弯曲强度(图3)和密度(图4)进行测定和比较的图表。
从图1中可知,实施例1(本发明分隔板)与比较例1(现有分隔板)相比,显示出了非常优良的气体透过率减少的现象。从图2和图3中可知,在导电率和弯曲强度方面也同样是实施例1(本发明分隔板)的情况与比较例1(现有分隔板)相比更优良。从图4的密度比较图表中也同样可知,实施例1(本发明分隔板)的密度比比较例1(现有分隔板)的密度大,且根据所示的标准偏差条可知,产品内部的固态均质性也非常优良。

Claims (6)

1.一种燃料电池分隔板成型用材料的制造方法,包括:将环氧树脂、作为固化剂的相对于100重量份环氧树脂为30~85重量份的酸酐类化合物和作为固化促进剂的相对于100重量份环氧树脂为0.3~6重量份的三苯基膦溶解在作为溶剂的丙酮中,将石墨粉末与该溶液均匀混合,然后,进行干燥和粉碎,其中所述的环氧树脂、固化剂和固化促进剂与作为结合剂的硅烷一起溶解在丙酮中,使用同时进行公转和自转的混合容器进行所述混合,且所述石墨粉末是颗粒尺寸在0.005~0.15mm范围的板状的膨胀石墨粉末。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述石墨粉末的添加量相对于100重量份的环氧树脂为400~2,200重量份范围。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述结合剂的添加量相对于石墨粉末为0.3~6重量%。
4.一种燃料电池分隔板成型用材料,通过根据权利要求1至3的任一项所述的方法制造。
5.一种燃料电池分隔板,采用根据权利要求4所述的燃料电池分隔板成型用材料。
6.一种燃料电池,采用根据权利要求5所述的燃料电池分隔板。
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