CN100347175C - 一种β-甲基碳青霉烯中间体的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种β-甲基碳青霉烯中间体的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种β-甲基碳青霉烯中间体的制备方法。在该制备方法中,原料4-乙酰杂氮环丁酮首先与带有大诱导基团的α-溴丙酰胺反应,由于该反应有很好的立体选择性,使得绝大部分产物为所需要的β-构型产物——β-甲基碳青霉烯母核。本发明的制备方法与现有技术相比可提高收率,降低成本,适于工业化大生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种β-甲基碳青霉烯中间体的制备方法。
背景技术
迄今为止,已经有大量的天然或合成的β-内酰胺酶抑制剂报道,从化学结构上可以分为氧青霉烷、青霉烯、碳青霉烯和单环β-内酰胺氧青霉烷类,其中碳青霉烯,尤其是β-甲基碳青霉烯,如亚胺培南、美罗培南和比阿培南对许多耐药菌有很好抗菌作用,尤其是对B型酶具有相当强的抑制作用,是一系列独特的抑制β-内酰胺酶的抑制剂。自从发现硫霉素对革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌具有潜在抗微生物活性后,对与硫霉素近似的卡巴培南或培南衍生物的合成研究已广泛发展起来。
目前已经商品化的碳青霉烯和β-甲基碳青霉烯抗生素有SumitomoPharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd.的(4R,5S,6S,8R2’S,4’S)-3-[2-二甲胺羰基]吡咯烷基硫]-4-甲基-6-(1-羟乙基)-1-杂氮双环[3,2,0]庚-2-烯-7-酮-2-羧酸(美罗培南)(I);
Merck & Co.,Inc.的N-亚氨甲基硫霉素(亚氨培南)(II);
Lederle Ltd.的(1R,5S,6S)-2-[(6,7-二氢-5H-吡唑并[1,2-a][1,2,4]三氮唑铵-6-基)]硫-6-[R-1-羟乙基]-1-甲基-碳青霉-2-烯-3-羧酸盐(III)(比阿培南)等。
β-甲基碳青霉烯母核的合成有多种路线,其中Sumitomo PharmaceuticalsCo.,Ltd.的反应路线A(USP4933333)如下所示:
Lederle Ltd.的反应路线B(USP4990613)如下所示:
Sumitomo Pharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd.的路线原料简单易得,但化合物(V)有相当量的旋光异构体需要分离,从而影响了收率;Lederle Ltd.的路线步骤相应简单,但原料(XII)不易得到,且成本较高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种β-甲基碳青霉烯母核的制备方法。该制备方法操作简便、产物分离容易、含量和收率高、节约成本,从而克服了现有技术的不足。
根据本发明的目的,本发明采用反应路线C进行β-甲基碳青霉烯母核的合成。
在本发明中,为了叙述方便,“分子式为(I)的化合物”可简称为“式(I)的化合物”,也可简称为“化合物(I)”,对其它化合物的描述类同。
在本发明中,各缩写表示如下:TBDMS:t-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基;PNZ:p-硝基苄氧羰基;PNB:p-硝基苯甲基;Ph:苯基;Ac:乙酰基;Ms:甲基磺酰基;tBu:t-丁基;Me:甲基;Et:乙基。
合成路线C如下所示:
该合成路线C主要包括以下两个步骤:
A、使式(IV)的化合物与式(XV)的化合物反应,得到式(VI)的化合物;
B、从式(VI)的化合物制备得到式(XI)的β-甲基碳青霉烯中间体。
合成路线如下所示:
由于起始原料4-乙酰杂氮环丁酮(IV)与带有大诱导基团的α-溴丙酰胺(XV)的反应有很好的立体选择性,可生成β-构型占绝大部分的产物,从而大大提高了β-甲基碳青霉烯母核的收率。
上述步骤A可进一步包括以下两个步骤:
A1、使式(IV)的化合物与式(XV)的化合物反应,得到式(XIV)的化合物;
A2、使式(XIV)的化合物水解为式(VI)的化合物。
合成路线如下所示:
优选的,从化合物(IV)采用“一锅煮”的合成方法制备得到化合物(VI)。即,由步骤A1得到含式(XIV)化合物的反应液,该反应液或其浓缩物不经过分离可直接用于步骤A2的反应。
步骤A1:反应可用各种已知方法进行(如,Tanabe Seiyaku Co.,Ltd,USP:5,847,115),反应结束后处理方法可不同。加入极性小的甲苯到反应液中,然后用4N的盐酸洗到pH为偏酸性,然后用盐水洗后的溶液直接进行下一步。
步骤A2:反应可用各种已知方法进行,也可以用上步的溶液加入双氧水和氢氧化锂进行水解,水解后的处理方法是先将反应物调成酸性,分出含大量双氧水的水层,然后再调回到碱性,再加亚硫酸钠水溶液还原其余的双氧水,然后过滤出螺环化合物,用有机溶剂洗水溶液中的有机物,然后加盐酸析出化合物(VI)晶体。这样两步综合后收率有了显著提高。
上述步骤B可进一步包括以下两个步骤:
B1、从式(VI)的化合物制备得到式(IX)的化合物;
B2、从式(IX)的化合物制备得到该β-甲基碳青霉烯母核(XI)。
合成路线为:
更进一步的,上述步骤B1可进一步包括以下三个步骤:
B1.1、从式(VI)的化合物制备得到式(VII)的化合物;
B1.2、从式(VII)的化合物制备得到式(VIII)的化合物;
B1.3、从式(VIII)的化合物制备得到式(IX)的化合物。
合成路线如下;
优选的,采用一锅煮的合成方法从化合物(VI)制备得到化合物(IX)。即,由步骤B1.1得到含式(VII)化合物的反应液,该反应液或其浓缩物不经过分离可直接用于步骤B1.2的反应;由步骤B1.2得到含式(VIII)化合物的反应液,该反应液或其浓缩物不经过分离可直接用于步骤B1.3的反应。
步骤B1.1:反应可用各种已知方法进行(如,正宗试剂方法),反应处理后的乙酸乙酯溶液不经过分离直接进入下一步。
步骤B1.2:反应可用各种已知方法进行,改进之处是在上述溶液中直接反应。反应后溶液经处理后浓缩,浓缩物不经过分离直接进入下一步。
步骤B1.3:反应可用各种已知方法进行,反应后溶液经处理后浓缩,过硅胶柱。这样三步综合后收率有了显著提高。
更进一步的,上述步骤B2可进一步包括以下两个步骤:
B2.1、使式(IX)的化合物反应生成式(X)的化合物;
B2.2、从式(X)的化合物制备得到β-甲基碳青霉烯母核(XI)。
合成路线如下:
优选的,采用一锅煮的合成方法从化合物(IX)制备得到化合物(XI)。即,由步骤B2.1得到含式(X)化合物的反应液,该反应液或其浓缩物不经过分离可直接用于步骤B2.2的反应。
步骤B2.1:以选自乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃和二氯甲烷的一种或多种为溶剂,其用量为化合物(IX)的1~10倍体积,优选3~5倍体积;以乙酸铑或辛酸铑为催化剂,用量为化合物(IX)的0.1~1%倍当量,优选0.25~0.5%倍当量;反应温度为25~100℃。
步骤B2.2:反应中用的惰性溶剂为选自二氧杂环己烷、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、乙腈、六甲基磷酰胺的一种或多种,其中优先乙腈和二甲基甲酰胺。
反应中用的碱为电离时生成的阴离子全部是氢氧根离子的化合物,包括各种有机碱和无机碱,例如碳酸钠、碳酸钾、氢化钠、氢化钾等无机碱及类似的碱;叔丁醇钾、嘧啶、各种二甲基吡啶、4-二甲基氨基吡啶、三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺等有机碱及类似的碱。其中优选有机碱,如二异丙基乙胺、三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺等。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,选用二异丙基乙胺作为本反应所用的碱。
碱的用量应使反应充分进行,通常是每摩尔1~2当量化合物(IX),优选每摩尔1~1.5当量化合物(IX)。
烯醇酯的诱导反应物为氯代磷酸二苯酯,用量应使反应充分进行,通常是每摩尔1~2当量化合物(IX),优选每摩尔1~1.2当量化合物(IX)。
反应温度为-20~50℃,优选-10℃~0℃。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下优点:
1、在上述合成路线C中,从化合物(IV)到化合物(VI)、化合物(VI)到化合物(IX)、以及化合物(IX)到化合物(XI)均可采用一锅煮合成法。该方法可使原本需要多步反应才能实现的目的一次完成,极大地缩短了反应周期,提高了劳动生产率,减少工业化时的设备投资,减少了使用溶剂的种类和使用数量,减少了环境污染,降低了工厂的生产成本。
2、本发明的制备方法操作简便、产物分离容易,产品的纯度和收率显著提高(本发明的产品收率达到70~90%)。
3、本发明的制备方法,原料(XXV)简单易得,从而节约了生产成本。
具体实施方式
本发明所用的试验材料,如无特别说明,均为市售购买产品。
【实施例1】(3S,4R)-3-[(1R)-1-叔丁基二甲基硅氧乙基]-4-[(1R)-1-甲基-1-羧乙基]-杂氮环丁-2-酮(VI)的合成
将34g(0.523)的锌粉60ml的无水四氢呋喃中,搅拌下加热至沸,然后加入50g(0.174mol)(3S,4R)-4-乙酰氧基-3-[(1R)-1-叔丁基二甲基硅氧乙基]杂氮环丁-2-酮(IV)和90g(0.256mol)3-(2-溴丙基)-螺[2,3-二氢-4H-1,3-苯并恶嗪-2,1’-环己基]-4-酮(XV)溶于180ml的无水四氢呋喃形成的混合溶液,加入速度以反应液不爆沸为宜,加完后回流30分钟,降温至室温,反应混合物中加入5g硅藻土,反应混合物抽滤,滤渣用适量的四氢呋喃洗涤,合并滤液和洗液,加入60ml的甲苯,在该混合物中加入200ml的2N盐酸,调节pH为5~6,有机相用盐水洗涤两次。即为3-{(2R)-2-[(3S,4R)-3-[(1R)-1-叔丁基二甲基硅氧乙基]-2-酮基杂氮环丁-4-基]丙基}-螺[2,3-二氢-4H-1,3-苯并恶嗪-2,1’-环己基]-4-酮(XIV)的四氢呋喃-甲苯溶液。该混合物不经分离进入下一步。
上述反应混合物中加入150ml的四氢呋喃,温度控制在5~15℃,搅拌下加入96g 30%的双氧水,再加入21g的一水氢氧化锂,在相同温度下搅拌反应3小时。反应结束后,反应混合物在搅拌下加入130ml左右的4N盐酸调节pH为2,有机相用盐水洗涤3次。有机相在5~15℃搅拌下加入200ml左右6%的氢氧化钠调节pH为10,然后加入50ml左右的17%亚硫酸钠至溶液淀粉KI试纸不变色。抽滤,滤渣用水洗3~4次,合并滤液和洗液。水相再用乙酸乙酯洗3~4次,真空抽干净水相中的乙酸乙酯,然后反应混合物在5~15℃搅拌下加入4N盐酸调节pH为2,有大量结晶析出,在相同温度下搅拌反应2小时,过滤,用水洗涤晶体,干燥,得到42.5g(收率81%)的(3S,4R)-3-[(1R)-1-叔丁基二甲基硅氧乙基]-4-[(1R)-1-甲基-1-羧乙基]-杂氮环丁-2-酮(VI)白色结晶。
Mp:146~147℃
IRmax neat(cm-1):1740,1465,1330,1255,1043,837.
NMR:0.08(6H,s),0.7(9H,s),1.24(3H,d,J=7),1.30(3H,d,J=7.5),2.78(1H,m),3.06(1H,m),3.98(1H,m),4.24(1H,m),6.37(1H,宽)。
【实施例2】(3S,4R)-3-[(1R)-1-羟乙基]-4-[(1R)-1-甲基-3-重氮-3-PNB氧羰基-2-酮基丙基]-杂氮环丁-2-酮(IX)的合成
将25g(86mmol)的杂氮环丁酮羧酸(VI)加入到300ml的无水乙腈中,搅拌下加入17.5g(110mmol)的羰基二咪唑混合物在室温下搅拌30分钟,然后加入55.5g(110mmol)的无水丙二酸单对硝基苄酯镁盐,反应混合物在25~35℃搅拌18小时。反应结束后,在搅拌下反应混合物中加入450ml的乙酸乙酯和450ml的1N的盐酸,使水相pH在2~3,有机相分别用盐水、5%的碳酸钾水溶液、盐水彻底洗涤,得到(3S,4R)-3-[(1R)-1-叔丁基二甲基硅氧乙基]-4-[(1R)-1-甲基-3-PNB氧羰基-2-酮基丙基]-杂氮环丁-2-酮(VII)的乙酸乙酯溶液,不经分离可进行下一步。
在上述O-叔丁二甲基硅基酮酸酯(VII)的乙酸乙酯溶液加入100ml的甲醇,然后在20~25℃加入100ml的6N盐酸,反应混合物在相同温度下搅拌2小时,反应结束后加入500ml的饱和盐水,有机相再用2×500ml的10%的磷酸氢二钠洗涤,然后饱和盐水洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩,浓缩物主要为(3S,4R)-3-[(1R)-1-羟乙基]-4-[(1R)-1-甲基-3-PNB氧羰基-2-酮基丙基]-杂氮环丁-2-酮(VIII)。不经分离可进行下一步。
上述浓缩物加入140ml的乙腈,搅拌溶解后,在0~5℃加入30.3g(86mmol)的对十二烷基苯磺酰叠氮和9.6g(95mmol)的三乙胺,反应混合物搅拌2小时,加入0.5N的盐酸220ml搅拌洗涤,有机相彻底地用水、盐水洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩,得到的油状物用250ml的硅胶进行柱层析(洗脱液为乙酸乙酯-石油醚)得到淡黄色晶体25g(收率77.2%)为(3S,4R)-3-[(1R)-1-羟乙基]-4-[(1R)-1-甲基-3-重氮-3-PNB氧羰基-2-酮基丙基]-杂氮环丁-2-酮(IX)。
[α]D 21=-50.4°(c=2.5,CH2Cl2)
IRmax KBrcm-1:2140,1750,1q720,1650.
NMRδ(CDCl3):1.22(3H,d,J=6.0Hz),1.32(3H,d,J=6.0Hz),2.38(1H,d,J=3.2Hz),2.92(1H,dd,J=2.4,7.6Hz),3.77(1H,m),3.86(1H,m),4.15(1H,m),5.38(2H,s).5.90(1H,s),7.57and 8.30(2H,m)。
【实施例3】(5R,6S,8R,2’S,4’S)-p-硝基苄基-3-[4-(1-p-硝基苄氧羰基-1-二甲胺基羰基)吡咯烷基硫]-6-(1-p-硝基苄氧羰基乙氧基)-1-氮杂双环[3.2.0]-庚-2-烯-7-酮-2-羧酸酯(XI)的合成
在装有回流冷却器的瓶中,加入40g(0.102mol)的重氮酮酯(IX)和200ml的乙酸乙酯,混合物搅拌加热到60℃,加入140mg的辛酸铑,在相同温度下强烈搅拌30分钟,直到重氮酮酯(IX)反应完毕,得到1-β-甲基双环酮酯(X)的溶液。反应液不经分离直接进入下一步。
取上述1-β-甲基双环酮酯(X)的溶液,冰浴冷却到-10~-15℃并且氮气保护,然后加入14.57g(0.113mol)的二异丙基乙胺和27.54g(0.102mol)的氯磷酸二苯酯。反应混合物在相同温度下,搅拌5小时直到1-β-甲基双环酮酯(X)消失,反应混合物中有大量的白色晶体析出,然后在混合物中加入300ml的石油醚和300ml的3.5%的磷酸二氢钠水溶液搅拌洗涤结晶,过滤。滤饼用100ml石油醚和500ml水洗涤,干燥,得到49.3g(收率81%,纯度为98%)的(5R,6S,8R,2’S,4’S)-p-硝基苄基-3-[4-(1-p-硝基苄氧羰基-1-二甲胺基羰基)吡咯烷基硫]-6-(1-p-硝基苄氧羰基乙氧基)-1-氮杂双环[3.2.0]-庚-2-烯-7-酮-2-羧酸酯(XI)。
[α]D 25=+40~+44°(c=0.5MeOH);
Mp:125-126℃;
IRmax KBrcm-1:1780,1745,1605.
NMRδ(CDCl3):1.24(3H,d),1.35(3H,d),2.38(1H,d,J=3.2Hz),3.35(1H,dd,),3.52(1H,m),4.26(1H,dd),4.30(1H,m),5.24和5.41(2H,ABq).7.29(10H,m),7.58 and 8.18(2H,d)。
以上对本发明较佳实施方式的描述并不限制本发明,本领域技术人员可以根据本发明作出各种改变或变形,只要不脱离本发明的精神,均应属于本发明所附权利要求的范围。
Claims (13)
4、权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于由步骤A1得到含式(XIV)化合物的反应液,该反应液或其浓缩物不经过分离直接用于步骤A2的反应。
5、权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于使式(IV)的化合物与式(XV)的化合物反应后,加入甲苯到反应液中,并用4N的盐酸洗到pH为偏酸性;然后在该溶液中加入双氧水和氢氧化锂进行水解,水解后先将反应物调成酸性,分出含大量双氧水的水层,再将该水层调回到碱性,加入亚硫酸钠水溶液还原其余的双氧水;最后过滤,用有机溶剂洗去滤液中的有机物,加盐酸析出式(VI)的化合物。
7、权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于由步骤B1.1得到含式(VII)化合物的反应液,该反应液或其浓缩物不经过分离直接用于步骤B1.2的反应;由步骤B1.2得到含式(VIII)化合物的反应液,该反应液或其浓缩物不经过分离直接用于步骤B1.3的反应。
8、权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于从式(VI)的化合物制备得到式(VII)的化合物后,含式(VII)化合物的反应液不经过分离直接用于制备式(VIII)化合物的反应,反应后的溶液经处理后浓缩,浓缩物不经过分离直接用于制备式(IX)化合物的反应,反应后溶液经处理后浓缩,过硅胶柱,得到式(IX)的化合物。
10、权利要求9所述的制备方法,其特征在于由步骤B2.1得到含式(X)化合物的反应液,该反应液或其浓缩物不经过分离直接用于步骤B2.2的反应。
11、权利要求9所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤B2.1中,有机溶剂为选自乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷的一种或多种,其用量为式(IX)的化合物的3~5倍体积;催化剂为乙酸铑或辛酸铑,其用量为式(IX)的化合物的0.25~0.5%倍当量。
12、权利要求9所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤B2.2中,式(X)的化合物与氯代磷酸二苯酯反应生成化合物(XI),氯代磷酸二苯酯的用量为式(IX)化合物的1~2倍当量;惰性溶剂为选自二氧杂环己烷、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、乙腈、六甲基磷酰胺的一种或多种;碱为有机碱,碱的用量为式(IX)化合物的1~2倍当量;反应温度为-10℃~0℃。
13、权利要求12所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述惰性溶剂为乙腈或二甲基甲酰胺。
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