CN100343176C - 一种水脱盐的方法和设备 - Google Patents

一种水脱盐的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN100343176C
CN100343176C CNB2003801043184A CN200380104318A CN100343176C CN 100343176 C CN100343176 C CN 100343176C CN B2003801043184 A CNB2003801043184 A CN B2003801043184A CN 200380104318 A CN200380104318 A CN 200380104318A CN 100343176 C CN100343176 C CN 100343176C
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heat exchanger
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CN1732130A (zh
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汉斯·约瑟夫·范·埃尔斯
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/10—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids forming pools or ponds
    • F24S10/13—Salt-gradient ponds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
    • F28D20/0039—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material with stratification of the heat storage material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
    • F28D2020/0069—Distributing arrangements; Fluid deflecting means
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
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Abstract

一种脱盐水的制备方法和装置，含盐水通过设置在含盐水池(1)中的热交换器(5)，在热交换器(5)中被加热的含盐水通过蒸发器(9)，至少蒸发部分含盐水，之后形成的水蒸汽被导入浓缩器(12)中，从而得到不含盐的水。一种制备脱盐水的装置，包括含有海水的池子(1)，设置有热交换器(5)，用来提供被脱盐的水的装置(6)与热交换器(5)的入口连接，同时蒸发器(9)的出口与用于浓缩在蒸发器中形成的水蒸汽的装置(13，12)连接。

Description

一种水脱盐的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种脱盐水的制备方法。
背景技术
在GB-A-2.016.938中记载了一种脱盐水的制备方法和装置，从蓄水槽或池中吸取含盐水(海水)，供入到锅炉中将含盐水煮沸。从所述的锅炉中生成的蒸汽通入到热交换器中以浓缩。
US-A-4.328.788披露了一种在含水溶液中储存热的回收热的装置。在热回收的过程中，通过开口、入口管、主机和加长管将溶液从池中抽取出来，供入到所述池外的热交换器中。之后所述溶液回到所述池中重复利用。
在US-A-4.328.788中没有任何有关水脱盐的启示。
发明内容
本发明的目的是得到一种利用简单的装置，以高效的方式把盐从水中去除的方法。
根据本发明的方法可以实现这样的目的，含盐水通过设置在含盐水池中的热交换器，水在池中分为一层在另一层上面的几层，每一层比上一层的含盐量高，盐水被太阳光的能量加热，热交换器设置在具有很高的温度的最底层，在热交换器中被加热的含盐水通过蒸发器，至少蒸发部分含盐水，之后形成的水蒸汽导入浓缩器中，得到除去盐的水。
当使用根据本发明的方法时，在太阳光的辐射下，在池中形成的具有相对较高的含盐量的海水层可以被加热到相对较高的温度。利用设置在海水层的热交换器，得到较高的温度，含盐水以一种低廉的方法被加热，之后被供入到蒸发器中，形成去除盐的水蒸汽，水蒸汽接着经过浓缩过程。
这样，得到一种独特的、充分的利用太阳能量的操作方法，使得到一种高效和低廉的脱盐水方法成为可能。
本发明涉及一种制备脱盐水的装置，特别适用于实施上述的方法，装置包括盛有含盐水的池子，水在池中分为一层在另一层上面的几层，每一层比上一层的含盐量高，盐水被太阳光的能量加热，热交换器设置在最底层，用来提供被脱盐的水的装置与热交换器的入口连接，蒸发器的入口和热交换器的出口连接，同时形成水蒸汽的蒸发器的出口与水蒸汽的浓缩器连接。
使用本发明，可以得到一种简单的、高效的脱盐水设备，在无人值班的情况下设备可以自动操作。
附图说明
下面将依照下面示意图更详细的说明本发明。
图1是根据本发明的示意图。
图2是图1中应用本设备的池子的部分的示意图，分三层，在池中呈现出来的每一层含盐量不同。
图3是为含盐水池供水的装置的示意图。
图4是如图1中所示的使用的装置的部件的示意图，有一个狭窄的通道在部分池子的上部延伸。
图5是图4的俯视图。
具体实施方式
图1中的设备包括池子1，它的底边与地下水水位2的距离至少为大约2m。
靠近池子1的上面，管子3开口在池子1中，借助这个管子含盐水，特别是海水，可以被泵入池子中。
更进一步靠近池子1有集水井4，集水井中充满需要脱盐的水，特别是海水，至少到地下水位或者海水的水位以下，当集水井4至少部分的低于海水水位时，不需要用泵或者其他的类似的装置，海水可以自动流入集水井4中。
在池子中靠近其底部设置热交换器5，从集水井4中进入热交换器的水可以借助管子6提供。在一种更加高效的实施例中，潜水泵7设置在集水井4中，与管子6的一端连接，用于这个目的，当然，也可以采用其他的方式将需要脱盐的水从集水井4中泵入热交换器5中。
热交换器5的出口与管子8连接，借助它，需要脱盐的水可以经过热交换器5供入到已知的蒸发器9中，更优的，使用一种所谓的低温蒸发器，通过它将水供入到蒸发器中，在温度为大约30℃这样的低温下也可以蒸发。
在一种更加高效的实施例中，流量热交换器10设置在管子8中，通过它，来自热交换器5中的水可以被辅助加热。
借助管子11蒸发器9的上端与浓缩器12的上端连接，同时，更进一步的风扇13安装在管子11上用于传递在蒸发器中形成的蒸汽。
冷却部件14与浓缩器12连接，用于冷却供入到浓缩器中的水蒸汽。
泵15靠近浓缩器12的底部，通过它，水可以在浓缩器12中被浓缩，去除掉的盐借助管子16排出。
蒸发器9的底部与排水管17连接，借助它，在蒸发器9中残留的废水被排入到海水中和/或借助中间管道18返回到热交换器5中。
管子16与设置在集水井4中的热交换器19连接，通过利用从较热的浓缩水中散发的热，来预热要脱盐的水。热交换器9的出口借助管子20与盛有脱盐后水的接收池21连接。
池子1被挖掘在地里，尽管也可以想得到在地面上建这样的池子。
池子最好深度至少为大约3m，池子高出的墙倾斜面的角度，最好为大约45°。正如在图2中所示的，自然状态的地面需要将池子的底面和侧墙用一层沙子22覆盖，厚度为大约10cm，。接下来，池子1的底部和倾斜的墙面将用薄金属片铺上。最好为黑色金属片，用这种薄金属片作为一个整体覆盖地面和侧墙，这样水不会从中渗出。
然后池子充满含盐水，就形成这样的结果，较低的水层23高度为大约1m，含盐量为大约24％，中间水层24的高度为大约1m，含盐量为大约15％，最上水层25高度为大约1m，含盐量为大约0-4％。
水层形成，每一层有不同的含盐量，一种高效的方式可以通过装置26实施，如图3中所示；两个这样的装置与狭窄通道27的自由端连接，狭窄通道沿着池子一边的上部延伸，狭窄通道最好预备栏杆28。
装置26包括一根竖直的管子29，其在安装于狭窄通道27的支承物30上可以垂直移动。
两个水平的、圆形的、相互平行延伸的盘子31和32，被连接在管子的下端，盘子彼此连接，通过设置在盘子之间的垫片33相互隔开一段距离。上面圆盘的直径，例如，大约100cm，下面的圆盘32直径稍小，例如，大约80cm，同时垫片最好使盘子分离大约3cm。
通过在支撑件30中移动管子29，盘子31和32可以被设置在池1中任何需要的位置。
当操作设备时，池子1首先充满海水或者类似物，高度大约1.80m。
装置26以这样一种方式安装，盘子31和32设置在池中接近热交换器5的上面。接着，含盐量高的水将被供入到每一个装置26的管子29的上端，水将均匀的从管子29水平地从垂直的盘子31和32之间，流入到池子中，如图3中箭头所描述的，不会在池内的水中产生任何其他不必要的旋涡。用这种方法，有高含盐量的水层23可以在池中形成大约1m的高度，随着水位的上升，从最初的位置从大约1.80m到大约2.80m。两个装置26向上移动到盘子31、32距离池子1的底部大约为1.80m。在这个位置合适的盐浓度的水被再次供入到池中，形成含盐量达到大约15％的第二层24，池中的水位整体升高到大约3m。
事实上很明显，由于23-25层之间有特定的重量，每一层之间形成稳定的界面，每一层有它们自己的含盐量，甚至在受到外界影响的情况下界面也可以自动地恢复。
当盛满水的池子暴露在阳光的辐射下，太阳光的热量将使高含盐量的较低层的温度上升，温度会维持在那里。事实上，在较低层23每天可以上升大约1℃，最后所述的较低层可以得到80℃的温度。在池子的底部是40×50m的情况下，例如，将得到含盐量为大约24％覆盖面积为大约2000m2热盐水层。
中间层24的功能是作为隔离层，太阳光的热量被吸收和借助最高层25层向下传递。
最底层23已经被加热到需要的温度以后，启动泵7水从集水井4中经过热交换器泵入到蒸发器。热交换器将从层23回收热量，这样从热交换器中排出的水的温度大约与层23的温度相等。如果需要，所述的温度可以在流量热交换器中被进一步的提高。供入到蒸发器9中的水大面积的蒸发，接下来水蒸汽将供入到浓缩器中。具有相对较高的含盐量的剩余水，如上面所述借助管子17排出，。
供入到浓缩器12的水蒸汽被蒸发，形成的脱盐水通过泵15从浓缩器12排出，如上面所描述的。集水井4中的水已经被从浓缩水中的余热预热，这样，供入到热交换器5中水的温度高于供入到集水井中的海水的温度。
如果需要，供入到池子21中的脱盐水会得到进一步的处理。
操作这样的设备只需要很少的能量，能量只需要驱动泵7、15和流量热交换器。能量可以由风力发动机产生，例如，它也可以用容易想得到的太阳能集热器或者其他类似的装置。产生的能量可以储存在电池中，当没有风驱动风力发动机和/或太阳能集热器不能产生足够的能量的时候可以使用。
正如图2中示意的，所谓的消波器34(仅仅示意的表示)可以设置在池子1的上部，目的是避免在池子的表面形成不必要的波动。
更进一步，可以设置传感器35和36，例如在狭窄通道27上，如图4中所示意的，用来测量池子中不同层的温度和测量不同层的含盐量。
更进一步，使用测量仪器，测量空气的温度，如果使用风力发动机，用来测量风的速度。各种传感器和测量仪器可以与中心控制单元连接用来控制装置的操作，比如驱动泵7和15，控制风力发动机，调节风力发动机的叶片，驱动和/或停止风力发动机。
从以上的描述中，本发明可以得到一种只需要很少的维护，能耗很少的设备，此外，能量还可以通过风力发动机或太阳能集热器产生。

Claims (8)

1、一种脱盐水的制备方法，含盐水通过设置在含盐水池中的热交换器，水在池中分为一层在另一层上面的几层，每一层比上一层的含盐量高，盐水被太阳光的能量加热，热交换器设置在具有很高的温度的最底层，在热交换器中被加热的含盐水通过蒸发器，至少蒸发部分含盐水，之后形成的水蒸汽导入浓缩器中，得到除去盐的水。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：在池中形成底层水层的含盐量为24％，中间水层的含盐量为15％，最高水层的含盐量为0-4％。
3、根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于：每一水层形成的高度为1m。
4、根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：需要脱盐的水从盛有含盐水的集水井中供入到池中的热交换器中，在集水井中设置一个热交换器，用于通过浓缩后的水。
5、根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：在蒸发器中形成的水蒸汽经过在浓缩器中浓缩过程，提供冷却空气的冷却器与浓缩器连接。
6、一种制备脱盐水的装置，包括含有海水的池子，水在池中分为一层在另一层上面的几层，每一层比上一层的含盐量高，盐水被太阳光的能量加热，热交换器设置在最底层，用来提供被脱盐的水的装置与热交换器的入口连接，蒸发器的入口和热交换器的出口连接，同时形成水蒸汽的蒸发器的出口与水蒸汽的浓缩器连接。
7、根据权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于：所述的装置包括一个集水井，提供需要脱盐的海水，从集水井出来的水带入到设置在池中的热交换器中。
8、根据权利要求6或7所述的装置，其特征在于：蒸发器与浓缩器连接，装置还包括泵，通过泵将浓缩器中浓缩的水引入到接收池中。
CNB2003801043184A 2002-11-28 2003-11-26 一种水脱盐的方法和设备 Expired - Fee Related CN100343176C (zh)

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