CH619492A5 - Process for the preparation of a substrate bearing a tin oxide coating - Google Patents
Process for the preparation of a substrate bearing a tin oxide coating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CH619492A5 CH619492A5 CH316177A CH316177A CH619492A5 CH 619492 A5 CH619492 A5 CH 619492A5 CH 316177 A CH316177 A CH 316177A CH 316177 A CH316177 A CH 316177A CH 619492 A5 CH619492 A5 CH 619492A5
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- tin
- precursor
- coating
- active material
- compound
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical group O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- FAKFSJNVVCGEEI-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Sn+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O FAKFSJNVVCGEEI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxolead Chemical compound O=[Pb]=O YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- DAMJCWMGELCIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl n-(2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COC(=O)NC1CCNC1=O DAMJCWMGELCIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001463 antimony compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003304 ruthenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002504 iridium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021638 Iridium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003284 rhodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 36
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 20
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 35
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 13
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 sulphate compound Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Inorganic materials O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical class [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) oxide Chemical class [Sn]=O QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical group Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TTXWERZRUCSUED-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ru].[Sn] Chemical compound [Ru].[Sn] TTXWERZRUCSUED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- UUWCBFKLGFQDME-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Pt] UUWCBFKLGFQDME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000375 tin(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ALHBQZRUBQFZQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Sn] ALHBQZRUBQFZQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
- C25B11/093—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds at least one noble metal or noble metal oxide and at least one non-noble metal oxide
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US66720276A | 1976-03-15 | 1976-03-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH619492A5 true CH619492A5 (en) | 1980-09-30 |
Family
ID=24677240
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH316177A CH619492A5 (en) | 1976-03-15 | 1977-03-14 | Process for the preparation of a substrate bearing a tin oxide coating |
Country Status (20)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (5) | JPS586786B2 (cs) |
| AU (1) | AU516392B2 (cs) |
| BE (1) | BE852419A (cs) |
| BR (1) | BR7701546A (cs) |
| CA (1) | CA1094891A (cs) |
| CH (1) | CH619492A5 (cs) |
| DD (1) | DD131043A5 (cs) |
| DE (1) | DE2710802C3 (cs) |
| DK (1) | DK110877A (cs) |
| FI (1) | FI65284C (cs) |
| FR (1) | FR2344644A1 (cs) |
| GB (2) | GB1573297A (cs) |
| IT (1) | IT1086682B (cs) |
| MX (1) | MX145434A (cs) |
| NL (1) | NL7702742A (cs) |
| NO (1) | NO148751C (cs) |
| PL (1) | PL110048B1 (cs) |
| SE (1) | SE427192B (cs) |
| TR (1) | TR20097A (cs) |
| ZA (1) | ZA771521B (cs) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS586786B2 (ja) * | 1976-03-15 | 1983-02-07 | ダイヤモンド・シヤムロツク・コ−ポレ−シヨン | 改良された電極の製造方法 |
| JPS60162787A (ja) * | 1984-01-31 | 1985-08-24 | Tdk Corp | 電解用電極 |
| JPS6254017U (cs) * | 1985-09-25 | 1987-04-03 | ||
| JPS62274087A (ja) * | 1986-05-22 | 1987-11-28 | Permelec Electrode Ltd | 耐久性を有する電解用電極及びその製造方法 |
| JPH0218722U (cs) * | 1988-07-25 | 1990-02-07 | ||
| GB2301413B (en) * | 1995-05-31 | 1999-03-10 | Titus Int Plc | Joint forming devices |
| JP5309813B2 (ja) * | 2008-09-05 | 2013-10-09 | アタカ大機株式会社 | 酸素発生用電極 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1244650A (en) * | 1968-10-18 | 1971-09-02 | Ici Ltd | Electrodes for electrochemical processes |
| DE2113676C2 (de) * | 1971-03-20 | 1985-09-12 | Conradty GmbH & Co Metallelektroden KG, 8505 Röthenbach | Elektrode für elektrochemische Prozesse |
| US3875043A (en) * | 1973-04-19 | 1975-04-01 | Electronor Corp | Electrodes with multicomponent coatings |
| US3793164A (en) * | 1973-04-19 | 1974-02-19 | Diamond Shamrock Corp | High current density brine electrolysis |
| US3882002A (en) * | 1974-08-02 | 1975-05-06 | Hooker Chemicals Plastics Corp | Anode for electrolytic processes |
| US4040939A (en) * | 1975-12-29 | 1977-08-09 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Lead dioxide electrode |
| US4028215A (en) * | 1975-12-29 | 1977-06-07 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Manganese dioxide electrode |
| JPS586786B2 (ja) * | 1976-03-15 | 1983-02-07 | ダイヤモンド・シヤムロツク・コ−ポレ−シヨン | 改良された電極の製造方法 |
-
1977
- 1977-03-11 JP JP52026870A patent/JPS586786B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1977-03-11 DE DE2710802A patent/DE2710802C3/de not_active Expired
- 1977-03-11 CA CA273,774A patent/CA1094891A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-03-14 IT IT48463/77A patent/IT1086682B/it active
- 1977-03-14 DK DK110877A patent/DK110877A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-03-14 FI FI770806A patent/FI65284C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-03-14 ZA ZA00771521A patent/ZA771521B/xx unknown
- 1977-03-14 BR BR7701546A patent/BR7701546A/pt unknown
- 1977-03-14 MX MX168351A patent/MX145434A/es unknown
- 1977-03-14 NL NL7702742A patent/NL7702742A/xx active Search and Examination
- 1977-03-14 PL PL1977196653A patent/PL110048B1/pl unknown
- 1977-03-14 CH CH316177A patent/CH619492A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-03-14 GB GB23725/79A patent/GB1573297A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-03-14 NO NO770908A patent/NO148751C/no unknown
- 1977-03-14 FR FR7707474A patent/FR2344644A1/fr active Granted
- 1977-03-14 BE BE175750A patent/BE852419A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-03-14 SE SE7702837A patent/SE427192B/xx unknown
- 1977-03-14 DD DD7700197839A patent/DD131043A5/xx unknown
- 1977-03-14 GB GB10704/77A patent/GB1573173A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-03-15 TR TR20097A patent/TR20097A/xx unknown
- 1977-03-15 AU AU23212/77A patent/AU516392B2/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-12-27 JP JP54173857A patent/JPS5822551B2/ja not_active Expired
-
1981
- 1981-09-19 JP JP56148663A patent/JPS5782477A/ja active Pending
- 1981-09-19 JP JP56148662A patent/JPS5833313B2/ja not_active Expired
-
1982
- 1982-09-16 JP JP57161537A patent/JPS5930791B2/ja not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL | Patent ceased | ||
| PL | Patent ceased |