CA2948030C - Method for mining a deposit - Google Patents
Method for mining a deposit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2948030C CA2948030C CA2948030A CA2948030A CA2948030C CA 2948030 C CA2948030 C CA 2948030C CA 2948030 A CA2948030 A CA 2948030A CA 2948030 A CA2948030 A CA 2948030A CA 2948030 C CA2948030 C CA 2948030C
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- deposit
- mining
- raw material
- perforation
- stripped
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/26—Methods of surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/30—Methods of surface mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C47/00—Machines for obtaining or the removal of materials in open-pit mines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C50/00—Obtaining minerals from underwater, not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for mining a deposit, in particular a rock or ore body, in which in a first mining step the deposit is perforated with a stripping device located on a deposit surface and in doing so raw material is stripped from the deposit. In this, a perforation structure remains in the deposit which develops during the perforation between stripped areas of the deposit. In a subsequent second mining step the remaining perforation structure of the deposit is mined at least partially and in doing so further raw material is stripped from the deposit.
Description
Method for mining a deposit The invention relates to a method for mining a deposit, in particular a rock or ore body, in which raw material is stripped from the deposit with a stripping device.
The invention furthermore relates to an open pit mine for mining a deposit which is operated according to a method of such type.
The mining of deposits, for example the extraction of diamondiferous ores and diamondiferous rock from extinct volcanic pipes, can be carried out in open pit mining and/or in underground mining. Generally, a deposit can be understood as the existence of exploitable minerals or rocks. The extraction of ores from ore deposits, for example the mining of diamond-bearing kimberlite deposits (primary deposits), is of particular interest for the raw material extraction and the processing industry.
Likewise, the mining of deposits bearing gold and other natural resources is also of great interest.
Fig. 1 shows a pipe-like vertically located deposit 1 that bears raw material 5. The raw material 5 can be ore, e.g. kimberlite. The deposit 1 can crop out on a deposit surface 3.
The deposit 1 having the raw material 5 to be mined is surrounded by waste rock or dead rock 6.
Deposits of such type can have been formed through geological activities or fracture zones, whereby the raw material has accumulated in vertical deposits due to material mounting up or has been shifted from a horizontal stratification into a vertical position through a fault.
The invention furthermore relates to an open pit mine for mining a deposit which is operated according to a method of such type.
The mining of deposits, for example the extraction of diamondiferous ores and diamondiferous rock from extinct volcanic pipes, can be carried out in open pit mining and/or in underground mining. Generally, a deposit can be understood as the existence of exploitable minerals or rocks. The extraction of ores from ore deposits, for example the mining of diamond-bearing kimberlite deposits (primary deposits), is of particular interest for the raw material extraction and the processing industry.
Likewise, the mining of deposits bearing gold and other natural resources is also of great interest.
Fig. 1 shows a pipe-like vertically located deposit 1 that bears raw material 5. The raw material 5 can be ore, e.g. kimberlite. The deposit 1 can crop out on a deposit surface 3.
The deposit 1 having the raw material 5 to be mined is surrounded by waste rock or dead rock 6.
Deposits of such type can have been formed through geological activities or fracture zones, whereby the raw material has accumulated in vertical deposits due to material mounting up or has been shifted from a horizontal stratification into a vertical position through a fault.
- 2 -Conventionally, a deposit 1 is mined in an open pit mine with a mining funnel 2, as shown in Fig. 2, up to a mining depth Dl. The mining funnel 2 can be designed such that it is stepped in a spiral-shaped manner in order that the mining of raw material 5 from the deposit 1 and of dead rock 6 surrounding the latter can be handled logistically by means of transport vehicles, such as dump trucks. The mining funnel 2 can also be referred to as a mine or pit running downwards in a conical manner.
The mining of a deposit 1 in an open pit mine with a mining funnel 2 is, in an economically viable manner, only possible up to a specific mining depth D1, at the level of which a deposit surface 3 can be located. Below the deposit surface 3 further raw material 5 of the deposit 1 is located. The deposit 1 can either narrow downwards, as depicted in Figures 1 and 2, extend downwards at a substantially constant width or alternatively also widen in the downward direction. A deviating, irregular course of the deposit 1 can also occur. A mining method of such type is known from RU 2 261 C2.
A further mining of raw material 5 from a deposit 1, when having progressed in open pit mining as shown in Fig. 2, can only be carried out in underground mining below the maximum mining depth D1, since a further narrowing of the mining funnel 2 below the mining depth proves to be impossible or uneconomical. However, underground mining of raw material 5 is often uneconomical due to high project development costs for the production of shafts and tunnels and their labor-exhaustive excavation.
Likewise, a possible enlargement or widening of the mining funnel 2 also turns out to be uneconomical since a high proportion of dead rock 6 to be mined in relation to the additionally extracted raw material 5 would render the additional raw material extraction relatively small. This corresponds to an unfavorable mining ratio (or strip ratio or stripping ratio).
The current mining of raw material in open pit mining or underground mining therefore has the drawback that raw material lying in deep strata or spatially limited raw material
The mining of a deposit 1 in an open pit mine with a mining funnel 2 is, in an economically viable manner, only possible up to a specific mining depth D1, at the level of which a deposit surface 3 can be located. Below the deposit surface 3 further raw material 5 of the deposit 1 is located. The deposit 1 can either narrow downwards, as depicted in Figures 1 and 2, extend downwards at a substantially constant width or alternatively also widen in the downward direction. A deviating, irregular course of the deposit 1 can also occur. A mining method of such type is known from RU 2 261 C2.
A further mining of raw material 5 from a deposit 1, when having progressed in open pit mining as shown in Fig. 2, can only be carried out in underground mining below the maximum mining depth D1, since a further narrowing of the mining funnel 2 below the mining depth proves to be impossible or uneconomical. However, underground mining of raw material 5 is often uneconomical due to high project development costs for the production of shafts and tunnels and their labor-exhaustive excavation.
Likewise, a possible enlargement or widening of the mining funnel 2 also turns out to be uneconomical since a high proportion of dead rock 6 to be mined in relation to the additionally extracted raw material 5 would render the additional raw material extraction relatively small. This corresponds to an unfavorable mining ratio (or strip ratio or stripping ratio).
The current mining of raw material in open pit mining or underground mining therefore has the drawback that raw material lying in deep strata or spatially limited raw material
- 3 -occurring in small quantities has to be left untouched since an economical mining of such isolated and in most cases particularly rich deposits is currently not possible.
Furthermore, it is known that an open pit mine is flooded so that further mining of the raw material can then be carried out from the water surface by means of a floating stripping device. This can be taken from RU 2 312 989 C2 for example. However, underwater mining methods as they are also known from DE 1 816 221 Al, DE 1 879 Al, DE 28 09 304 or DE 102 43 747 Al are relatively time-consuming and cost-intensive.
The invention is based on an o bje ct to provide a method for mining a deposit, with which raw material can be mined in an especially economical manner, in particular economical in mining up to greater depths.
The method according to the invention for mining a deposit, in particular a rock or ore body, has the following method steps: In a first mining step the deposit is perforated with a stripping device located on a deposit surface and in doing so raw material is stripped from the deposit. As a result, a perforation structure remains in the deposit which develops during the perforation between stripped areas of the deposit. In a subsequent second mining step the remaining perforation structure of the deposit is mined at least partially and in doing so further raw material is stripped from the deposit.
A deposit can be understood as a raw material deposit, in particular an ore deposit.
More particularly, this can concern a diamondiferous ore deposit. The raw material stripped from the deposit in accordance with the invention can be rock or ore in particular. The deposit surface can be formed on a surface of an existing open pit mine or underground mine. Hence, as deposit surface this can concern any natural surface or one cropping out along the course of the deposit as a result of open pit or underground mining. The deposit surface can crop out along a horizontal section through a deposit.
17147879)/1
Furthermore, it is known that an open pit mine is flooded so that further mining of the raw material can then be carried out from the water surface by means of a floating stripping device. This can be taken from RU 2 312 989 C2 for example. However, underwater mining methods as they are also known from DE 1 816 221 Al, DE 1 879 Al, DE 28 09 304 or DE 102 43 747 Al are relatively time-consuming and cost-intensive.
The invention is based on an o bje ct to provide a method for mining a deposit, with which raw material can be mined in an especially economical manner, in particular economical in mining up to greater depths.
The method according to the invention for mining a deposit, in particular a rock or ore body, has the following method steps: In a first mining step the deposit is perforated with a stripping device located on a deposit surface and in doing so raw material is stripped from the deposit. As a result, a perforation structure remains in the deposit which develops during the perforation between stripped areas of the deposit. In a subsequent second mining step the remaining perforation structure of the deposit is mined at least partially and in doing so further raw material is stripped from the deposit.
A deposit can be understood as a raw material deposit, in particular an ore deposit.
More particularly, this can concern a diamondiferous ore deposit. The raw material stripped from the deposit in accordance with the invention can be rock or ore in particular. The deposit surface can be formed on a surface of an existing open pit mine or underground mine. Hence, as deposit surface this can concern any natural surface or one cropping out along the course of the deposit as a result of open pit or underground mining. The deposit surface can crop out along a horizontal section through a deposit.
17147879)/1
- 4 -The deposit surface can, from a bird's eye view of the deposit, be a closed, round surface. Such a round or cup-shaped deposit surface can in particular be found in the case of pipe-like deposits.
Within the meaning of the invention the perforation of a deposit is to be understood as providing holes in the deposit or puncturing it with holes. This can be realized in a checkered, mutually offset and/or mutually spaced manner. Preferably, the perforation of the deposit can be carried out vertically, whereby the deposit is perforated vertically.
Accordingly, a vertical perforation structure can develop. Alternatively, the perforation can also be carried out in an inclined manner, i.e. not vertically or perpendicularly. The perforation structure which, in accordance with the invention, can remain temporarily in the deposit can be understood as a columnar structure that is formed during the perforation or puncturing of the deposit. In this, individual free-standing columns or a coherent three-dimensional meshwork or lattice can be present as a perforation structure. The stripped areas of the deposit can be elongate cylindrical or cuboid hollow areas.
An essential basic idea of the method according to the invention for the efficient mining of a deposit resides in the fact that existing raw material is mined in two steps, the mining being effected in a mining direction, especially in a substantially vertical mining direction, such that the deposit is initially perforated, i.e. punctured starting from the solid surface in the mining direction. For the first mining step, simple and cost-efficient mining methods can be employed, with a sufficient amount of residual material remaining to ensure adequate ground stability. In a second step, the raw material remaining between the holes can basically be mined completely, wherein case a different mining method can be applied. Such a two-step mining method with a temporary perforation structure has in particular the advantage that by way of both time-shifted mining steps raw material can be mined efficiently from a deposit surface even up to great depths.
In the first mining step approximately half of the minable raw material of the deposit, i.e.
up to approximately 50 percent or more, can be mined from the deposit surface through perforation. The dimensions of the stripped areas in the deposit can be such that as
Within the meaning of the invention the perforation of a deposit is to be understood as providing holes in the deposit or puncturing it with holes. This can be realized in a checkered, mutually offset and/or mutually spaced manner. Preferably, the perforation of the deposit can be carried out vertically, whereby the deposit is perforated vertically.
Accordingly, a vertical perforation structure can develop. Alternatively, the perforation can also be carried out in an inclined manner, i.e. not vertically or perpendicularly. The perforation structure which, in accordance with the invention, can remain temporarily in the deposit can be understood as a columnar structure that is formed during the perforation or puncturing of the deposit. In this, individual free-standing columns or a coherent three-dimensional meshwork or lattice can be present as a perforation structure. The stripped areas of the deposit can be elongate cylindrical or cuboid hollow areas.
An essential basic idea of the method according to the invention for the efficient mining of a deposit resides in the fact that existing raw material is mined in two steps, the mining being effected in a mining direction, especially in a substantially vertical mining direction, such that the deposit is initially perforated, i.e. punctured starting from the solid surface in the mining direction. For the first mining step, simple and cost-efficient mining methods can be employed, with a sufficient amount of residual material remaining to ensure adequate ground stability. In a second step, the raw material remaining between the holes can basically be mined completely, wherein case a different mining method can be applied. Such a two-step mining method with a temporary perforation structure has in particular the advantage that by way of both time-shifted mining steps raw material can be mined efficiently from a deposit surface even up to great depths.
In the first mining step approximately half of the minable raw material of the deposit, i.e.
up to approximately 50 percent or more, can be mined from the deposit surface through perforation. The dimensions of the stripped areas in the deposit can be such that as
- 5 -early as in the first mining step a highest possible mining degree of the minable raw material of the deposit can be reached below the deposit surface. The dimensions comprise in particular diameters or widths of the stripped areas and their depths. The dimensions are defined by the stability of the deposit, in particular an ore body, for the application of a stripping device. A perforation spacing can be chosen such that stripped areas do not or hardly overlap. Before the second mining step the preferably vertical perforations are filled up, in particular with a liquid or a solid or hardenable mass. This allows an efficient second work step.
A preferred embodiment of the invention resides in the fact that the perforated deposit is flooded at least partially in the stripped areas and that in the subsequent second mining step the perforation structure of the flooded deposit is mined with a stripping device floating on the flooded deposit. The flooding of the deposit can be effected with a liquid such as water. A flooded surface, as for example a water surface, can thus be located above or below a deposit surface. If the flooded surface is located above the deposit surface, the perforation structure is situated completely below the flooded surface. If the flooded surface is located below the deposit surface, areas of the perforation structure lying overhead can jut out visibly. The flooding of the perforated deposit can take place during or after the first mining step. Alternatively or additionally, the flooding of the perforated deposit can also take place during the second mining step.
In the second mining step the perforation structure of the flooded deposit can be mined using the stripping device of the first mining step or another stripping device, wherein one of the stripping devices provided for the second mining step can float on the flooded deposit. The height or level of the flooded surface, which can also be referred to as a water table in the case of flooding with water, can be adjusted in height by the degree of flooding in order to create favorable working conditions for mining the perforation structure remaining in the deposit. As mining apparatus for the first and/or second mining step a drilling apparatus, a trench cutter and/or a grab or clamshell can be used.
The floating stripping device can be a mining apparatus of the type arranged on a pontoon. Use can also be made of a floating dredge, a dredging vessel or a dredger, on which a drill, a cutter or cutting head and/or a grab arm can be arranged.
A preferred embodiment of the invention resides in the fact that the perforated deposit is flooded at least partially in the stripped areas and that in the subsequent second mining step the perforation structure of the flooded deposit is mined with a stripping device floating on the flooded deposit. The flooding of the deposit can be effected with a liquid such as water. A flooded surface, as for example a water surface, can thus be located above or below a deposit surface. If the flooded surface is located above the deposit surface, the perforation structure is situated completely below the flooded surface. If the flooded surface is located below the deposit surface, areas of the perforation structure lying overhead can jut out visibly. The flooding of the perforated deposit can take place during or after the first mining step. Alternatively or additionally, the flooding of the perforated deposit can also take place during the second mining step.
In the second mining step the perforation structure of the flooded deposit can be mined using the stripping device of the first mining step or another stripping device, wherein one of the stripping devices provided for the second mining step can float on the flooded deposit. The height or level of the flooded surface, which can also be referred to as a water table in the case of flooding with water, can be adjusted in height by the degree of flooding in order to create favorable working conditions for mining the perforation structure remaining in the deposit. As mining apparatus for the first and/or second mining step a drilling apparatus, a trench cutter and/or a grab or clamshell can be used.
The floating stripping device can be a mining apparatus of the type arranged on a pontoon. Use can also be made of a floating dredge, a dredging vessel or a dredger, on which a drill, a cutter or cutting head and/or a grab arm can be arranged.
- 6 -The flooding of the perforated deposit has in particular the advantages that the perforation structure in the deposit is supported by the flooding liquid and that the stripping device floating on the flooded deposit is protected against caving into the perforation structure of the deposit. Thus, a collapse of the perforation structure under a stripping device and a slipping thereof can be prevented, thereby enabling a safe and complete mining up to great depths below the flooded surface or the mining surface respectively.
Depending on the mineral content of the raw material, in particular ore, stripped areas that are flooded and filled with water can be left to settle for a specific time until the decomposition process has progressed so far that mining in a subsequent mining step can be effected such that the raw material can be stripped more easily. When flooding the deposit, the settling time can be envisaged as an intermediate step between the first and second mining step.
Between the first and second mining step, especially before flooding the deposit and/or after a specific number of stripped areas has been produced, an intermediate step can be provided, in which the existing perforation structure is initially mined by a stripping device, in particular by a hydraulic grab, that is located laterally of the perforation structure on the deposit surface or a terrain surface. A grab can partially mine the perforation structure that has been created by a drill in the first mining step. The intermediate step can be carried out depending on the stability of the deposit.
According to a further preferred embodiment, for an efficient mining of the deposit provision can be made for the perforation of the deposit to be effected by means of drilling or cutting with a drill or cutter located on the deposit surface. The drill can be a drilling apparatus, more particularly a rotary drilling apparatus having an auger and/or a drilling bucket. For the mining of diamondiferous raw material it is advantageous to use drilling because when flushing liquid, in particular water, is used the raw material, on making contact therewith, decomposes after a relatively short period of time.
This has the advantage that in a subsequent mining step the raw material can then be loosened
Depending on the mineral content of the raw material, in particular ore, stripped areas that are flooded and filled with water can be left to settle for a specific time until the decomposition process has progressed so far that mining in a subsequent mining step can be effected such that the raw material can be stripped more easily. When flooding the deposit, the settling time can be envisaged as an intermediate step between the first and second mining step.
Between the first and second mining step, especially before flooding the deposit and/or after a specific number of stripped areas has been produced, an intermediate step can be provided, in which the existing perforation structure is initially mined by a stripping device, in particular by a hydraulic grab, that is located laterally of the perforation structure on the deposit surface or a terrain surface. A grab can partially mine the perforation structure that has been created by a drill in the first mining step. The intermediate step can be carried out depending on the stability of the deposit.
According to a further preferred embodiment, for an efficient mining of the deposit provision can be made for the perforation of the deposit to be effected by means of drilling or cutting with a drill or cutter located on the deposit surface. The drill can be a drilling apparatus, more particularly a rotary drilling apparatus having an auger and/or a drilling bucket. For the mining of diamondiferous raw material it is advantageous to use drilling because when flushing liquid, in particular water, is used the raw material, on making contact therewith, decomposes after a relatively short period of time.
This has the advantage that in a subsequent mining step the raw material can then be loosened
- 7 -more easily. The cutter can be a trench cutter. Alternatively or additionally, a diaphragm wall grab can also be provided for perforating the deposit. For mining, use can also be made of several identical or different stripping devices of such type. One or several such stripping devices can also be employed as the one or several stripping device(s) floating on the flooded deposit. It is also possible that several such stripping devices are each used simultaneously in the first and/or second mining step.
According to the invention provision can also be made for the first and second mining step to overlap, wherein the first mining step is started before the second mining step.
Consequently, mining of the perforation structure in the second mining step can be started before the perforation of the deposit in the first mining step has been fully completed. To this end, it is necessary to employ in each case at least one stripping device for both overlapping mining steps.
According to a further embodiment variant of the invention it is advantageous for the raw material extraction if the stripped raw material is pre-crushed during the perforation of the deposit. Raw material, especially ore, can be pre-crushed by means of or during a drilling or cutting process. The drilling or cutting process can be carried out with a drill or a cutter. The pre-crushing of raw material has the advantage that treatment costs for the raw materials can be reduced. Alternatively or additionally, such an advantageous crushing process can also be realized with a pre-crusher. The pre-crushing or crushing of raw material can be understood as the break-up of the raw material.
In accordance with the invention another preferred embodiment resides in the fact that the stripped areas of the deposit are at least partially filled with a support liquid. The stripped areas, which can be large-scale bores, bores or cut trenches, can be supported with a liquid such as water or a suspension. If raw material is stripped in a cutting method using a cutter, the liquid or suspension, in addition to its function as support medium, can also serve as a transport medium for the stripped and loosened raw material. After having been separated from the raw material, the liquid or suspension can be returned to the bore or cut trench as support liquid.
According to the invention provision can also be made for the first and second mining step to overlap, wherein the first mining step is started before the second mining step.
Consequently, mining of the perforation structure in the second mining step can be started before the perforation of the deposit in the first mining step has been fully completed. To this end, it is necessary to employ in each case at least one stripping device for both overlapping mining steps.
According to a further embodiment variant of the invention it is advantageous for the raw material extraction if the stripped raw material is pre-crushed during the perforation of the deposit. Raw material, especially ore, can be pre-crushed by means of or during a drilling or cutting process. The drilling or cutting process can be carried out with a drill or a cutter. The pre-crushing of raw material has the advantage that treatment costs for the raw materials can be reduced. Alternatively or additionally, such an advantageous crushing process can also be realized with a pre-crusher. The pre-crushing or crushing of raw material can be understood as the break-up of the raw material.
In accordance with the invention another preferred embodiment resides in the fact that the stripped areas of the deposit are at least partially filled with a support liquid. The stripped areas, which can be large-scale bores, bores or cut trenches, can be supported with a liquid such as water or a suspension. If raw material is stripped in a cutting method using a cutter, the liquid or suspension, in addition to its function as support medium, can also serve as a transport medium for the stripped and loosened raw material. After having been separated from the raw material, the liquid or suspension can be returned to the bore or cut trench as support liquid.
- 8 -According to a further development of the invention a particularly favorable mining operation results from the fact that the perforated deposit is flooded with the support liquid. Preferably, this can be realized with a support liquid such as water.
The support liquid can therefore be a flooding liquid. The flooding of the perforated deposit with the support liquid can be carried out up to a height below or above, for instance 5 meters above, the deposit surface.
If the deposit is flooded during or in-between the first and/or second mining step, in a preferred embodiment of the invention the stripping device floating on the flooded deposit can be arranged on a floating carrier, in particular a pontoon or a barge. On the carrier a stripping device, a mining apparatus or a mining tool, such as a hydraulic grab or a cutter can be installed. Provision can also be made for a dredger as a dredging vessel that can have a stripping device with a grab and/or a cutting head. A
combination of several such stripping devices located on one or several carriers is possible, too. A
stripping device located on a floating carrier enables the stripping of raw material up to great depths.
When optionally using a floating dredge, a dredger or a dredging vessel and mining raw material underwater with a drill or a cutter, i.e. below the flooded surface, raw material stripped underwater can be pumped ashore by floating hoses and separated there. The second mining step, in which the perforation structure of the deposit is mined, can then also be referred to as an underwater mining step. For this, an underwater stripping device or an underwater stripping tool can be used. As floating carrier a pontoon or vessel can be employed.
For the stripping of the perforation structure, which can be partially or completely underwater after the deposit has been flooded, it can furthermore be of advantage if the location of the perforation structure is measured prior to the flooding in order to carry out a positionally accurate stripping underwater. In this way, the position of the floating stripping device and/or of the stripping tool located underwater can be adjusted to the perforation structure, the location of which is known as a result of measuring. A mapping of the perforation structure during or after the first mining step can thus form the basis of
The support liquid can therefore be a flooding liquid. The flooding of the perforated deposit with the support liquid can be carried out up to a height below or above, for instance 5 meters above, the deposit surface.
If the deposit is flooded during or in-between the first and/or second mining step, in a preferred embodiment of the invention the stripping device floating on the flooded deposit can be arranged on a floating carrier, in particular a pontoon or a barge. On the carrier a stripping device, a mining apparatus or a mining tool, such as a hydraulic grab or a cutter can be installed. Provision can also be made for a dredger as a dredging vessel that can have a stripping device with a grab and/or a cutting head. A
combination of several such stripping devices located on one or several carriers is possible, too. A
stripping device located on a floating carrier enables the stripping of raw material up to great depths.
When optionally using a floating dredge, a dredger or a dredging vessel and mining raw material underwater with a drill or a cutter, i.e. below the flooded surface, raw material stripped underwater can be pumped ashore by floating hoses and separated there. The second mining step, in which the perforation structure of the deposit is mined, can then also be referred to as an underwater mining step. For this, an underwater stripping device or an underwater stripping tool can be used. As floating carrier a pontoon or vessel can be employed.
For the stripping of the perforation structure, which can be partially or completely underwater after the deposit has been flooded, it can furthermore be of advantage if the location of the perforation structure is measured prior to the flooding in order to carry out a positionally accurate stripping underwater. In this way, the position of the floating stripping device and/or of the stripping tool located underwater can be adjusted to the perforation structure, the location of which is known as a result of measuring. A mapping of the perforation structure during or after the first mining step can thus form the basis of
- 9 -the second mining step. The mapping and/or determination of the position of the stripping device can be implemented by a satellite navigation system or positioning system for example.
According to a further embodiment of the invention it is expedient that the stripping device located on the deposit surface and the stripping device floating on the flooded deposit are identical, wherein the identical stripping device is a cutter in particular.
Alternatively, the identical stripping device can also be a drilling apparatus or a grab. It is also possible to employ several stripping devices in the first mining step on the deposit surface and to use these stripping devices at least partially as floating stripping devices in the second mining step. One or several floating stripping devices can in this case be arranged on one or several floating carriers. On a single carrier, such as a pontoon or vessel, several stripping devices can also be arranged next to each other.
Basically, use can be made of any stripping device suitable for stripping raw material in a manner appropriate for a further processing of the raw material. According to an embodiment variant of the invention it is especially efficient if a stripping device for the second mining step is a grab, a trench cutter or a drilling apparatus. Such a stripping device can also be used in the first mining step.
Another advantageous embodiment of the invention can result from the fact that the stripped areas of the first mining step are refilled before the second mining step is carried out. Alternatively, the refilling of the stripped areas can also be implemented partially, i.e. in individual areas or up to a specific height. The filling of the stripped areas can be made with a mixture of a binding agent or dead rock. After the mixture has hardened the remaining perforation structure consisting of raw material between the filled areas can be mined in the second mining step. The filling of stripped areas can be carried out alternatively or additionally to a flooding of the perforated deposit.
Stripping, conveyance, transport and treatment of stripped raw material is basically carried out in a known manner. According to an embodiment variant of the invention, for the mining of a deposit it is especially efficient if the stripped raw material is dewate red, separated and/or broken up. The dewatering, separation and/or break-up of raw material can be carried out by stripping devices or one or several separate devices for one or several of these possible further method steps. The dewatering and break-up in a crusher plant can take place on a pontoon. The broken-up raw material can then be conveyed ashore, i.e. to the edge of the flooded deposit, by means of floating conveyor belts.
For the loosening of raw material from the deposit an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention resides in the fact that during the first mining step blast holes are drilled into the vertical perforation structure and in the first or second mining step the perforation structure is blasted at least partially. To this end, the blast holes can be charged with explosive. Prior to this, the blast holes can also serve for the advance exploration of the deposit. The blasting of the perforation structure can facilitate its stripping in the second mining step. By preference, blasted raw material can then be stripped using a grab. A production of blast holes can take place before or during the perforation of the deposit in the first mining step. Blasting is particularly advantageous in the mining of hard ores or rock. Through blasting the raw material to be stripped is broken up, whereby the stripping of the broken-up raw material is rendered easier in the first and/or second mining step. The stripping of blasted, broken-up raw material can take place before or during the second mining step.
Basically, the perforation of the deposit can be carried out in any chosen pattern and any desired sequence during the production of individual perforation elements. A
perforation element can be understood as a hole in the deposit, in particular a (perforation) bore or a (perforation) trench. A preferred embodiment of the invention resides in the fact that the perforation is effected with offset holes, in particular offset boreholes and/or offset trenches, in particular offset cut trenches. The offset holes are preferably arranged in a grid. As individual perforation elements the holes can form the entire perforation structure. The perforation structure can consist of individual bridges that remain between stripped areas in the deposit. The offset arrangement of holes in the deposit has the advantage that the perforation structure remaining in the deposit represents a self-contained, i.e. coherent, and stable formation.
The method for mining a deposit according to the invention can be used on a deposit surface cropping out naturally. The method with its first and second mining step can also be applied in a deposit that has already been mined partially in an open pit mine, wherein a mining depression, in particular a mining funnel is formed which can be flooded. The method can thus be used on the bottom level of a mining funnel.
Alternatively, the method can also be applied in a subterranean cavity, for instance a cavern or gallery, in which a deposit surface is present on the bottom level of the subterranean cavity.
The invention further relates to an open pit mine for mining a deposit which is operated according to the method pursuant to the invention for mining a deposit. The method according to the invention can be used as a supplement to another mining method or as an exclusive one.
The invention is explained further hereinafter by way of preferred embodiments illustrated schematically in the accompanying drawings, wherein show:
Fig. 1 a perspective view of an exposed deposit;
Fig. 2 a section of an open pit mine with an exposed deposit;
Fig. 3 perforation of a deposit in a first mining step in a perspective view of a deposit surface with detailed views of the perforated deposit surface illustrated in plan view;
Fig. 4 a side view of a perforated deposit with a drill and with boreholes filled with support liquid;
Fig. 5 mining of a flooded deposit in a second mining step with a grab as a stripping device in a side view of the deposit;
Fig. 6 mining of a flooded deposit in a second mining step with a floating grab as a floating stripping device in a side view of the deposit;
Fig. 7 mining of a flooded deposit in a second mining step with a floating cutter as a floating stripping device in a side view of the deposit.
Fig. 1 shows an exposed rock or ore body of a deposit 1. The rock or ore body contains raw material 5. The deposit 1 or the raw material 5 is surrounded by waste rock or dead rock 6. The deposit 1 has a deposit surface 3 which crops out on a terrain surface 4. The deposit 1 can have a pipe-like or columnar structure. As shown in Fig. 1, this can narrow downwards or widen upwards.
Fig. 2 shows a section of an open pit mine with a mining funnel 2. The mining funnel 2 reaches from the terrain surface 4 up to a mining depth Dl. At the level of the mining depth D1 a deposit surface 3 is located. The deposit surface 3 does not crop out naturally but as a result of the existing funnel-shaped mining funnel 2. The mining funnel 2 can be designed such that it is stepped in a conical and spiral-shaped manner from the terrain surface 4 up as far as the deposit surface 3, wherein it narrows from top to bottom, i.e. from the terrain surface 4 towards the deposit surface 3. Above the deposit surface 3 the mining funnel 2 can be located and below the deposit surface 3 raw material 5 of the deposit 1 is situated. The raw material 5 of the deposit 1 is surrounded by dead rock 6 that can be located below the deposit surface 3 or the mining depth Dl.
As shown in Fig. 2, in an open pit mine with a mining funnel 2 the deposit 1 has already been mined up to the mining depth Dl.
Fig. 3 shows a deposit 1 in a side view with a perspective view of a deposit surface 3.
The deposit surface 3 can be located in a mining depth D1 as a bottom level of a mining funnel 2 of an open pit mine or crop out naturally. If the deposit surface 3 crops out naturally, the mining depth D1 can be located on or below the terrain surface 4 with a small height difference. The boreholes 15 or stripped areas 9 can be sunk up to a mining depth 02 in the deposit 1. In this way, raw material 5 can be mined from the deposit 1 between the mining depths D1 and D2. The perforation structure 7 then extends between the mining depths D1 and D2.
On the terrain surface 4 a drill 20 or a drilling apparatus with a drilling tool can be arranged. With the drill 20 the deposit 1 can be perforated, in which case the deposit 1 can be punctured with offset boreholes 15. The boreholes 15 that can be arranged next to each other constitute stripped areas 9 in the deposit 1 for mining raw material 5.
The plan view A of the boreholes 15 in Fig. 3 shows a possible arrangement of the boreholes 15 in individual rows, wherein the boreholes 15 can be drilled offset to each other. The boreholes 15 within one row can be arranged at a constant distance dl to each other and different rows of the boreholes 15 can be spaced to each other at a distance d2. The boreholes 15 can have a diameter D. The diameter D can result from the used drilling tool of the drill 2, wherein the drilling tool can be an auger or drilling bucket. Between the individual boreholes 15 exploration or blast holes 13 can be drilled into the deposit 1. Between the boreholes 15 a perforation structure 7 is located which can constitute a coherent part of the deposit 1 punctured with the boreholes 15. To blast the perforation structure 7 the blast holes 13 can be charged with an explosive and detonated individually, with a time lag or jointly. For exploration, a measuring probe, e.g.
for seismic measurements or radar measurements, can also be introduced into a blast hole 13 before blasting.
In an alternative variant the deposit 1 can also be perforated by a cutter (not illustrated in Fig. 3). In the plan view B of a detail of the deposit surface 3 of Fig. 3 trenches 17 are depicted that are cut in a cuboid manner when viewed from above. Just like the boreholes 15 the trenches 17 can be arranged offset to each other in rows. In a row the trenches 17 can each be spaced from each other at a constant distance d3.
Between the trenches 17 blast holes 13 can be arranged.
Fig. 4 shows a side view of an at least partially perforated deposit 1, from which raw material 5 has been stripped with a drill 20 that can be situated on a deposit surface 3.
Stripped areas 9 thus formed as boreholes 15 can be filled with support liquid 11. For the production of the boreholes 15 the drill 20 can be moved on the deposit surface 3.
The boreholes 15 are sunk from the mining depth D1 up to the mining depth D2.
Between the boreholes 15 and the stripped area 9 the perforation structure 7 is formed.
As support liquid 11 e.g. water or a suspension can be used. The filling level of the support liquid 11 in a borehole 15 can reach up to the deposit surface 3 or up to any depth below the deposit surface 3 and above D2.
Fig. 5 illustrates mining of the deposit 1 in a second mining step after perforation of the deposit 1. The perforated deposit 1 shows several stripped areas 9 that can be filled with support liquid 11. The perforation structure 7 that remains in the deposit 1 and is formed between the stripped areas 9 can be mined with a grab 24. The grab 24 can be positioned laterally of the stripped areas 9 on the deposit surface 3. The perforation structure 7 can be mined sequentially with the grab 24. The filling of the stripped areas 9 with the support liquid 11 can be understood as a flooding of the deposit 1.
The mining of the perforation structure 7 can, in a first partial step, reach up an intermediate mining depth ID. Above the intermediate mining depth ID support liquid 11 can be located that can flood the deposit 1 at least partially or completely.
As shown in Fig. 6, the perforation structure 7, which has been mined in an intermediate step up as far as the intermediate mining depth ID by the grab 24 shown in Fig. 5, can be mined up to the mining depth D2. For this purpose, a grab 24, which can be the grab 24 of Fig. 5, is arranged on a floating carrier 26. The floating carrier 26 floats on the flooded deposit 1. The flooding of the deposit 1 can be carried out with support liquid 11.
The grab 24 can mine underwater raw material 5 of the perforation structure 7 remaining in the deposit 1, i.e. it can mine in the deposit 1 flooded with support liquid 11 or water.
The grab 24 can also mine parts of the perforation structure 7 that have not yet been mined partially in a first mining step and still reach up as far as above the flooded surface 12.
Fig. 7 illustrates mining of the perforation structure 7 with a dredger 22 on a carrier 26 that is able to float on the flooded deposit 1. The dredger 22 mines raw material 5 of the perforation structure 7 underwater. The dredger 22 can be employed alternatively or additionally to the grab 24 of Fig. 6 for mining raw material 5 of the deposit 1.
The method according to the invention for mining a deposit with a first and second mining step, in which a perforation structure is formed temporarily, allows the mining of raw material in a flexible and safe way up to great depths.
According to a further embodiment of the invention it is expedient that the stripping device located on the deposit surface and the stripping device floating on the flooded deposit are identical, wherein the identical stripping device is a cutter in particular.
Alternatively, the identical stripping device can also be a drilling apparatus or a grab. It is also possible to employ several stripping devices in the first mining step on the deposit surface and to use these stripping devices at least partially as floating stripping devices in the second mining step. One or several floating stripping devices can in this case be arranged on one or several floating carriers. On a single carrier, such as a pontoon or vessel, several stripping devices can also be arranged next to each other.
Basically, use can be made of any stripping device suitable for stripping raw material in a manner appropriate for a further processing of the raw material. According to an embodiment variant of the invention it is especially efficient if a stripping device for the second mining step is a grab, a trench cutter or a drilling apparatus. Such a stripping device can also be used in the first mining step.
Another advantageous embodiment of the invention can result from the fact that the stripped areas of the first mining step are refilled before the second mining step is carried out. Alternatively, the refilling of the stripped areas can also be implemented partially, i.e. in individual areas or up to a specific height. The filling of the stripped areas can be made with a mixture of a binding agent or dead rock. After the mixture has hardened the remaining perforation structure consisting of raw material between the filled areas can be mined in the second mining step. The filling of stripped areas can be carried out alternatively or additionally to a flooding of the perforated deposit.
Stripping, conveyance, transport and treatment of stripped raw material is basically carried out in a known manner. According to an embodiment variant of the invention, for the mining of a deposit it is especially efficient if the stripped raw material is dewate red, separated and/or broken up. The dewatering, separation and/or break-up of raw material can be carried out by stripping devices or one or several separate devices for one or several of these possible further method steps. The dewatering and break-up in a crusher plant can take place on a pontoon. The broken-up raw material can then be conveyed ashore, i.e. to the edge of the flooded deposit, by means of floating conveyor belts.
For the loosening of raw material from the deposit an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention resides in the fact that during the first mining step blast holes are drilled into the vertical perforation structure and in the first or second mining step the perforation structure is blasted at least partially. To this end, the blast holes can be charged with explosive. Prior to this, the blast holes can also serve for the advance exploration of the deposit. The blasting of the perforation structure can facilitate its stripping in the second mining step. By preference, blasted raw material can then be stripped using a grab. A production of blast holes can take place before or during the perforation of the deposit in the first mining step. Blasting is particularly advantageous in the mining of hard ores or rock. Through blasting the raw material to be stripped is broken up, whereby the stripping of the broken-up raw material is rendered easier in the first and/or second mining step. The stripping of blasted, broken-up raw material can take place before or during the second mining step.
Basically, the perforation of the deposit can be carried out in any chosen pattern and any desired sequence during the production of individual perforation elements. A
perforation element can be understood as a hole in the deposit, in particular a (perforation) bore or a (perforation) trench. A preferred embodiment of the invention resides in the fact that the perforation is effected with offset holes, in particular offset boreholes and/or offset trenches, in particular offset cut trenches. The offset holes are preferably arranged in a grid. As individual perforation elements the holes can form the entire perforation structure. The perforation structure can consist of individual bridges that remain between stripped areas in the deposit. The offset arrangement of holes in the deposit has the advantage that the perforation structure remaining in the deposit represents a self-contained, i.e. coherent, and stable formation.
The method for mining a deposit according to the invention can be used on a deposit surface cropping out naturally. The method with its first and second mining step can also be applied in a deposit that has already been mined partially in an open pit mine, wherein a mining depression, in particular a mining funnel is formed which can be flooded. The method can thus be used on the bottom level of a mining funnel.
Alternatively, the method can also be applied in a subterranean cavity, for instance a cavern or gallery, in which a deposit surface is present on the bottom level of the subterranean cavity.
The invention further relates to an open pit mine for mining a deposit which is operated according to the method pursuant to the invention for mining a deposit. The method according to the invention can be used as a supplement to another mining method or as an exclusive one.
The invention is explained further hereinafter by way of preferred embodiments illustrated schematically in the accompanying drawings, wherein show:
Fig. 1 a perspective view of an exposed deposit;
Fig. 2 a section of an open pit mine with an exposed deposit;
Fig. 3 perforation of a deposit in a first mining step in a perspective view of a deposit surface with detailed views of the perforated deposit surface illustrated in plan view;
Fig. 4 a side view of a perforated deposit with a drill and with boreholes filled with support liquid;
Fig. 5 mining of a flooded deposit in a second mining step with a grab as a stripping device in a side view of the deposit;
Fig. 6 mining of a flooded deposit in a second mining step with a floating grab as a floating stripping device in a side view of the deposit;
Fig. 7 mining of a flooded deposit in a second mining step with a floating cutter as a floating stripping device in a side view of the deposit.
Fig. 1 shows an exposed rock or ore body of a deposit 1. The rock or ore body contains raw material 5. The deposit 1 or the raw material 5 is surrounded by waste rock or dead rock 6. The deposit 1 has a deposit surface 3 which crops out on a terrain surface 4. The deposit 1 can have a pipe-like or columnar structure. As shown in Fig. 1, this can narrow downwards or widen upwards.
Fig. 2 shows a section of an open pit mine with a mining funnel 2. The mining funnel 2 reaches from the terrain surface 4 up to a mining depth Dl. At the level of the mining depth D1 a deposit surface 3 is located. The deposit surface 3 does not crop out naturally but as a result of the existing funnel-shaped mining funnel 2. The mining funnel 2 can be designed such that it is stepped in a conical and spiral-shaped manner from the terrain surface 4 up as far as the deposit surface 3, wherein it narrows from top to bottom, i.e. from the terrain surface 4 towards the deposit surface 3. Above the deposit surface 3 the mining funnel 2 can be located and below the deposit surface 3 raw material 5 of the deposit 1 is situated. The raw material 5 of the deposit 1 is surrounded by dead rock 6 that can be located below the deposit surface 3 or the mining depth Dl.
As shown in Fig. 2, in an open pit mine with a mining funnel 2 the deposit 1 has already been mined up to the mining depth Dl.
Fig. 3 shows a deposit 1 in a side view with a perspective view of a deposit surface 3.
The deposit surface 3 can be located in a mining depth D1 as a bottom level of a mining funnel 2 of an open pit mine or crop out naturally. If the deposit surface 3 crops out naturally, the mining depth D1 can be located on or below the terrain surface 4 with a small height difference. The boreholes 15 or stripped areas 9 can be sunk up to a mining depth 02 in the deposit 1. In this way, raw material 5 can be mined from the deposit 1 between the mining depths D1 and D2. The perforation structure 7 then extends between the mining depths D1 and D2.
On the terrain surface 4 a drill 20 or a drilling apparatus with a drilling tool can be arranged. With the drill 20 the deposit 1 can be perforated, in which case the deposit 1 can be punctured with offset boreholes 15. The boreholes 15 that can be arranged next to each other constitute stripped areas 9 in the deposit 1 for mining raw material 5.
The plan view A of the boreholes 15 in Fig. 3 shows a possible arrangement of the boreholes 15 in individual rows, wherein the boreholes 15 can be drilled offset to each other. The boreholes 15 within one row can be arranged at a constant distance dl to each other and different rows of the boreholes 15 can be spaced to each other at a distance d2. The boreholes 15 can have a diameter D. The diameter D can result from the used drilling tool of the drill 2, wherein the drilling tool can be an auger or drilling bucket. Between the individual boreholes 15 exploration or blast holes 13 can be drilled into the deposit 1. Between the boreholes 15 a perforation structure 7 is located which can constitute a coherent part of the deposit 1 punctured with the boreholes 15. To blast the perforation structure 7 the blast holes 13 can be charged with an explosive and detonated individually, with a time lag or jointly. For exploration, a measuring probe, e.g.
for seismic measurements or radar measurements, can also be introduced into a blast hole 13 before blasting.
In an alternative variant the deposit 1 can also be perforated by a cutter (not illustrated in Fig. 3). In the plan view B of a detail of the deposit surface 3 of Fig. 3 trenches 17 are depicted that are cut in a cuboid manner when viewed from above. Just like the boreholes 15 the trenches 17 can be arranged offset to each other in rows. In a row the trenches 17 can each be spaced from each other at a constant distance d3.
Between the trenches 17 blast holes 13 can be arranged.
Fig. 4 shows a side view of an at least partially perforated deposit 1, from which raw material 5 has been stripped with a drill 20 that can be situated on a deposit surface 3.
Stripped areas 9 thus formed as boreholes 15 can be filled with support liquid 11. For the production of the boreholes 15 the drill 20 can be moved on the deposit surface 3.
The boreholes 15 are sunk from the mining depth D1 up to the mining depth D2.
Between the boreholes 15 and the stripped area 9 the perforation structure 7 is formed.
As support liquid 11 e.g. water or a suspension can be used. The filling level of the support liquid 11 in a borehole 15 can reach up to the deposit surface 3 or up to any depth below the deposit surface 3 and above D2.
Fig. 5 illustrates mining of the deposit 1 in a second mining step after perforation of the deposit 1. The perforated deposit 1 shows several stripped areas 9 that can be filled with support liquid 11. The perforation structure 7 that remains in the deposit 1 and is formed between the stripped areas 9 can be mined with a grab 24. The grab 24 can be positioned laterally of the stripped areas 9 on the deposit surface 3. The perforation structure 7 can be mined sequentially with the grab 24. The filling of the stripped areas 9 with the support liquid 11 can be understood as a flooding of the deposit 1.
The mining of the perforation structure 7 can, in a first partial step, reach up an intermediate mining depth ID. Above the intermediate mining depth ID support liquid 11 can be located that can flood the deposit 1 at least partially or completely.
As shown in Fig. 6, the perforation structure 7, which has been mined in an intermediate step up as far as the intermediate mining depth ID by the grab 24 shown in Fig. 5, can be mined up to the mining depth D2. For this purpose, a grab 24, which can be the grab 24 of Fig. 5, is arranged on a floating carrier 26. The floating carrier 26 floats on the flooded deposit 1. The flooding of the deposit 1 can be carried out with support liquid 11.
The grab 24 can mine underwater raw material 5 of the perforation structure 7 remaining in the deposit 1, i.e. it can mine in the deposit 1 flooded with support liquid 11 or water.
The grab 24 can also mine parts of the perforation structure 7 that have not yet been mined partially in a first mining step and still reach up as far as above the flooded surface 12.
Fig. 7 illustrates mining of the perforation structure 7 with a dredger 22 on a carrier 26 that is able to float on the flooded deposit 1. The dredger 22 mines raw material 5 of the perforation structure 7 underwater. The dredger 22 can be employed alternatively or additionally to the grab 24 of Fig. 6 for mining raw material 5 of the deposit 1.
The method according to the invention for mining a deposit with a first and second mining step, in which a perforation structure is formed temporarily, allows the mining of raw material in a flexible and safe way up to great depths.
Claims (22)
1. A method for mining a deposit (1) in which in a first mining step the deposit (1) is perforated with a first stripping device located on a deposit surface (3) and in doing so raw material (5) is stripped from the deposit (1), wherein a perforation structure (7) remains in the deposit (1), which develops during the perforation between stripped areas (9) of the deposit (1), and in a subsequent second mining step the remaining perforation structure (7) of the deposit (1) is mined at least partially and in doing so further raw material (5) is stripped from the deposit (1).
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the deposit (1) is a rock or ore body.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the perforated deposit (1) is flooded at least partially in the stripped areas (9) and in the subsequent second mining step the perforation structure (7) of the flooded deposit (1) is mined with a second stripping device floating on the flooded deposit (1).
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the perforation of the deposit (1) is effected by means of drilling or cutting with a drill (20) or cutter located on the deposit surface (3).
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the stripped raw material (5) is pre-crushed during the perforation of the deposit (1).
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the stripped areas (9) of the deposit (1) are filled at least partially with a support liquid (11).
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the perforated deposit (1) is flooded with the support liquid (11).
8. The method according to claim 3, wherein the second stripping device floating on the flooded deposit (1) is arranged on a floating carrier (26).
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the floating carrier (26) is a pontoon.
10. The method according to claim 3, wherein the first stripping device located on the deposit surface (3) and the second stripping device floating on the flooded deposit (1) are identical.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the first stripping device and the second stripping device are a same cutter.
12. The method according to claim 1, wherein a second stripping device is used for the second mining step, the second stripping device is a grab (24), a trench cutter or a drilling apparatus.
13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the stripped areas (9) of the first mining step are refilled before the second mining step is carried out.
14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the stripped raw material (5) is dewatered, separated and/or broken up.
15. The method according to claim 1, wherein during the first mining step blast holes (13) are drilled into the perforation structure (7) and in the first or second mining step the perforation structure (7) is blasted at least partially.
16. The method according to claim 1, wherein the perforation is effected with offset holes.
17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the offset holes are offset boreholes (15) and/or offset trenches (17).
18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the offset holes are offset cut trenches.
19 The method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the offset holes are arranged in a grid.
20. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first and second mining step are effected in a deposit (1) that has already been mined partially in an open pit mine, wherein a mining depression is formed that is flooded.
21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the mining depression is a mining funnel (2).
22. The use of the method according to claim 1 in an open pit mine for mining a deposit (1).
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2948030A CA2948030C (en) | 2016-11-10 | 2016-11-10 | Method for mining a deposit |
| AU2017248424A AU2017248424B2 (en) | 2016-11-10 | 2017-10-17 | Method for mining a deposit |
| RU2017136723A RU2678752C1 (en) | 2016-11-10 | 2017-10-18 | Method of development of deposit and opencast |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2948030A CA2948030C (en) | 2016-11-10 | 2016-11-10 | Method for mining a deposit |
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| CA2948030A1 CA2948030A1 (en) | 2018-05-10 |
| CA2948030C true CA2948030C (en) | 2019-04-02 |
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| CA2948030A Active CA2948030C (en) | 2016-11-10 | 2016-11-10 | Method for mining a deposit |
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| AU (1) | AU2017248424B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2948030C (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2678752C1 (en) |
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| SU823576A1 (en) * | 1979-03-06 | 1981-04-23 | Институт Геотехнической Механикиакадемии Наук Украинской Ccp | Method of open-cast mining of mineral deposits |
| RU2012807C1 (en) * | 1989-12-28 | 1994-05-15 | Всероссийский научно-исследовательский и проектно-изыскательский институт по проблемам добычи, транспорта и переработки минерального сырья в промышленности строительных материалов | Method for removal of hard rock overburden |
| UA24060A (en) * | 1990-12-04 | 1998-08-31 | Спеціалізоване Виробниче Шахтобудівельне Та Науково-Проектне Об'Єднання По Тампонажним Та Геологорозвідувальним Роботам "Спецтампонажгеологія" | Method for mineral extraction |
| RU2011828C1 (en) * | 1991-05-07 | 1994-04-30 | Хворостовский Станислав Сигизмундович | Method for mining amber deposit and device for its realization |
| RU2034149C1 (en) * | 1993-06-15 | 1995-04-30 | Всероссийский проектно-изыскательский и научно-исследовательский институт промышленной технологии | Method for mineral mining from pipeline orebody |
| RU2078209C1 (en) * | 1994-07-27 | 1997-04-27 | Товарищество с ограниченной ответственностью "КИМ-Т" | Method of mining mineral deposits and superstructure for its embodiment |
| RU2081321C1 (en) * | 1994-09-06 | 1997-06-10 | Акционерное общество закрытого типа "Севералмаз" | Method for mining diamond-carrying kimberlite pipes |
| DE10243747B4 (en) * | 2002-09-20 | 2004-07-29 | Bauer Maschinen Gmbh | Method and device for mining soil material |
| RU2457329C2 (en) * | 2010-08-27 | 2012-07-27 | Учреждение Российской академии наук Институт горного дела Севера им. Н.В. Черского Сибирского отделения РАН | Method for production of diamonds in permafrost kimberlitic deposits |
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2016
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2017
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| AU2017248424B2 (en) | 2019-04-18 |
| CA2948030A1 (en) | 2018-05-10 |
| RU2678752C1 (en) | 2019-01-31 |
| AU2017248424A1 (en) | 2018-05-24 |
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