RU2011828C1 - Method for mining amber deposit and device for its realization - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining. SUBSTANCE: method consists in outlining blocks in rock beds by making slots in vertical planes performed by working member whose body is provided with cutting members, vibration mechanisms and water lines with hydraulic nozzles. Rocks of block are loosened simultaneously with its outlining and forcing them into working trench by directing inside formed slots of fluid low-pressure jets. Remaining blocks are disintegrated by caving with their bases washed by water jets. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to mining, and in particular to methods and devices for developing mineral deposits mainly amber-containing.

 There is a method of open-pit mining of mineral deposits, including amber, including overburden of deposits with bucket excavators and bulldozers, loosening of rocks containing minerals with a dragline type bucket excavator by cutting a layer of rock with a bucket when it is moved by ropes to the excavator, storing the loosened rocks into an excavator in the form of a cone on the platform of the ledge, washing off the cone of loose rocks with a jet of water of a hydraulic monitor into a sump, pumping out hydraulic mixtures with pieces of amber and trans porting them through pipelines to the processing plant. This method is implemented using an excavator with an arrow, to which a bucket with cutting elements, which is a working body, is suspended on a hoisting and traction ropes, as well as using a hydraulic monitor with a nozzle for breaking and washing away rocks stored by an excavator in a cone in bulk in a stream of water. The cutting elements of the bucket are introduced into the rocks by the pulling force of the traction rope [1].

 The disadvantage of this method of developing a deposit and a device for its implementation is that an excavator, when a bucket cuts layers of minerals, destroys and abrades a large amount of amber, turning it into small pieces and dust. The thickness of the layer cut by the bucket ranges up to 0.2 m, so almost all pieces of amber are exposed to the bucket directly or perceiving its gravity. And since amber hardness is low (2-3 on the Mohs scale), its pieces that were in contact with the bucket turn into dust (this is evidenced by the yellow-brown color of each trace left by the bucket), and the pieces that absorb the bucket’s gravity have a large number of cracks, and their jewelry and crafts value is reduced.

 The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed method is a method of borehole hydraulic mining of minerals, including opening the productive horizon by wells, casing them, installing hydraulic mining and dispensing equipment, interruption between wells by forming a horizontal cutting gap in the underlying rocks, separating blocks of productive rocks by undercutting them along the horizontal plane of the outcropping in the roof leaving the pillars, collapse of the amber-bearing stratum under the action of e e gravity into the cutting gap, hydraulic erosion and rise to the surface of the collapsed part of the productive horizon.

 The known method is implemented using a device, including becoming for supplying a process fluid, a hydraulic working body associated with it, comprising a housing and hydraulic nozzles, and a dispensing device, such as a hydraulic elevator or submersible pump [2].

 A disadvantage of the known prototype method and prototype device is that when cutting the rock stratum only along the soil and roof (along the horizontal outcrop planes), its collapse is not always ensured, since it is held by the adhesion force of the rocks to the main massif along the vertical planes. In the case when the overburden is represented by unbound sandy inclusions, cutting along the roof is practically impossible until the overburden is completely washed out, which leads to high energy costs for implementing the method. The disadvantage of this method is that when the collapse of the amber-containing block does not provide uniform loosening of rocks throughout the mass of the block, since its fall is damped by a cushion of the process fluid located in the cutting slot. In this case, the non-destroyed parts have to be affected by high-pressure jet jets, which causes the destruction of pieces of amber and an increased yield of non-standard.

 The disadvantage of this method is the inevitable loss of a useful component in the pillars between the individual blocks. Loss of ore in pillars during downhole mining of deposits is 50% (see, for example, Nurok G. A. Processes and technology of hydromechanization of open cast mining. M.: Nedra, 1985, p. 369). Some reduction in losses is possible due to an increase in drilling density. However, this is associated with additional costs for the construction of wells.

 The aim of the invention is to reduce energy consumption and reduce the yield of substandard and loss of useful component by providing the possibility of simultaneous loosening of rocks throughout the mass of the separated unit while reducing losses in the pillars.

 The goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of developing an amber deposit, including opening the formation, mining it in blocks with outlining the block from the bottom with a slit, forming pillars, loosening the rocks by collapsing the block, eroding the rocks with a jet of liquid, transporting the slurry to the surface, removing the rocks covering the formation, passing a cutting trench in a mineral to the soil of the formation with a slope, arrange a sump in it, additionally outline the block with slots in vertical planes, collapse the rocks of the block by extruding them in a carved into the trench formed by supplying low-pressure liquid jets slits is set in the goaf giant block pillar jetting undercut at the base and loosen its collapse, and then rinsed in a split rock trench, and the slurry is transported to the surface of the sump.

 This goal is also achieved by the fact that the device for implementing the method according to claim 1, comprising a housing, becoming connected with a water conduit, and a hydraulic nozzle, equipped with cutting elements, a vibro mechanism and lifting means, the housing is made of rigidly connected two side, rear and upper walls , a vibromechanism is strengthened on the upper wall, cutting elements and a water conduit are strengthened at the lower ends of the side and rear walls along the perimeter, hydraulic nozzles are located evenly along the entire length of the water conduit and are oriented by nozzles inward mustache, and the body is attached to the lifting means by means of a cable.

 The claimed group of inventions is united by a common inventive concept, since one of the declared objects of the group - a device for developing an amber deposit - is intended to implement another claimed object of the group - a method for developing an amber deposit. Moreover, both objects of the claimed group of inventions are united by a single goal of inventions.

 A search by the applicant for scientific, technical and patent sources of information and prototypes selected from the list of analogues for both the method and the device made it possible to identify distinctive features in the claimed method and in the claimed device of the group of inventions. Therefore, the claimed group of technical solutions, both in terms of the method and in the device, meets the criteria of the invention of "Novelty." The applicant conducted an additional search for known technical solutions in order to detect in them features similar to those of the distinctive parts of the formula for the method and formulas for the device in the claimed group, and to compare the properties of the claimed group of technical solutions and known technical solutions due to the presence in the last distinctive features of the formulas on the method and the device showed that not all the features of the distinctive parts of the formulas of the claimed group of objects of inventions are found in known technical solutions . A comparative analysis of the properties due to the presence of some distinctive features in the known solutions showed that the claimed group of technical solutions exhibits properties that do not coincide with the properties shown by the indicated features in known technical solutions, which determines the achievement of the claimed positive effect.

 Therefore, each of the objects of the claimed group of technical solutions satisfies the criteria of the invention "Significant differences".

 In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the contouring, loosening and washing of rocks of the block and pillar, frontal projection; in FIG. 2,3 - same, plan view; in FIG. 4 is a section AA in FIG. 3; in FIG. 5 is a section BB in FIG. 3; in FIG. 6 is a view B in FIG. 4; on fig; 7 - scheme of field development by the proposed method and device for its implementation, axonometric projection.

 The proposed method for developing an amber deposit is provided by technical solutions consisting of the following main elements: a device for developing an amber deposit, including a hydraulic mining tool 1 and connected to it becoming 2 for supplying a process fluid, made of a flexible water pressure hose, a hydraulic monitor 3 and a lifting means 4, on the cable of which with the help of a sling 5 a hydro-mining working body 1 is suspended.

 The hydraulic working body 1 comprises a housing 6, which is a U-shaped box-like structure made of two side walls, one upper and one rear walls, with open front and bottom surfaces, rigidly interconnected. At the free ends of the rear and side walls of the housing 6 are installed cutting elements 7, protruding 5-10 mm beyond their outer surfaces. The cutting elements 7 are rigidly interconnected by the cutting elements 8 mounted across the housing 6.. Vibromechanisms 9 are rigidly mounted on the upper wall of the casing 6, and conduits 10 are connected along the walls of the casing and cutting elements, connected with the stav 2 for supplying the process fluid. The hydraulic nozzles 11 are uniformly located along the entire length of the water conduits 10, the nozzles of which are oriented inside the casing 6 and are hydraulically connected to the water conduits 10. A current connector 12 is installed on the upper wall of the casing 6 for supplying electric power to the vibromechanisms 9 and an eye 13 for suspending the hydraulic production tool 1 on the slings 5.

 The proposed device for the development of amber deposits works as follows.

 The hydraulic working body 1, connected to the stavka 2 for supplying the process fluid, is hung up with a lifting means 4 using slings 5 and installed in the designated place of the rock formation, slack 5 is slacked, electricity is supplied to the vibromechanisms 9 through the current collector 12 and at the same time stav 2 is fed with the technological liquid, for example water, through water conduits 10 and hydromonitor nozzles 11 mounted along them into the inside of the housing 6. Moreover, under the influence of the disturbing force of the vibromechanisms 9, the cutting elements 7 and 8 of the hydraulic mining The active organ 1 is cut into rock strata and immersed in them, entraining the casing 6 and connected to it becoming 2, vibromechanisms 9, water conduits 10, hydraulic nozzles 11 and a current connector 12. A flexible stave 2 and an electric current lead cable 12 are fed after the submerging hydraulic production organ 1, as slack is selected as you dive. When immersing the hydraulic working body 1, the rocks appear inside its body 6 and cracks form between the rocks and the walls of the body. Simultaneously with immersion into the casing 6, low-pressure jets of liquid are supplied, which flows from the hydraulic nozzles 11 into the cracks between the rocks and the rear and side walls of the casing and, in an effort to expand the slotted gaps, displace the rock layers entering the casing 6, disrupts the adhesion between them , loosens them and wets them. Separated small particles of rocks are drawn in and carried out by a fluid flow, while larger ones are pushed out of the internal cavity of the housing 6 into the waste space through its open front surface, since the rear and side walls are tightly connected and the fluid flow comes out only through the open front surface of the housing. The large pieces of rock pushed out of the casing 6 when falling (collapsing) onto the base of the waste space are further loosened to a state sufficient for their hydrotransport.

 The proposed method for the development of amber deposits using the described device is as follows.

 At the deposit site, excavators, bulldozers or using hydromechanization, remove the layer 14 of unproductive rocks and open the productive amber-containing horizon 15. In the same way, to create the initial front of work for the entire power of amber-bearing rocks of the underlying horizon 16, a cutting trench (mined out space) with a slope of some either one direction. A sump 17 for collecting pulp of amber-containing rocks and dredging equipment 18 for pumping this pulp through pipelines to a factory for processing are mounted at the lowest point of the worked out one. Then, a hydromonitoter 3, a self-propelled load-lifting means 4 are installed in the worked-out space or on the productive horizon, to the latter, using the slings 5, they suspended the hydro-mining working body 1 with the connecting unit 2 for supplying the process fluid. Next, with a lifting means 4, a field development device is installed at the beginning of the front of the work so that the open front plane of the housing 6 of the hydraulic working body 1 approximately coincides with the vertical surface of the reservoir formed during the excavation of the preparatory cutting trench. A device for developing an amber deposit is included in the operation, and according to the above-described operation scheme of the device, the first block is worked out in a productive horizon. Squeezed out of the formation and loosened by the collapse of the rock of the block are carried away by the fluid flow into the sump 17 and from it by the dredging equipment 18 are pumped through the pipelines to the concentration plant.

 Then, with a lifting means 4, the device is lifted from the worked out space and mounted on the surface of the productive horizon for working out the second block, providing, as well as when working out the first block, the approximate coincidence of the open front plane of the housing 6 with the vertical wall of the worked productive horizon. The development of the second and all subsequent blocks is carried out with the left pillars. Therefore, the device is installed each time so that the side wall of the hydro-mining working body 1 is at a distance from the exposed wall of the block worked out in the previous run. The distance is determined by the stability of the rocks of the productive horizon, mining and technological conditions and the requirements of its development and can be from 0.5 to several meters. This distance determines the thickness of the left pillar and ensures uniform immersion of the working body 1 in the rocks, since away from the exposed surface of the rocks, their densities are the same. After installing the device in compliance with the conditions noted above, the second and all subsequent blocks are worked out according to the scheme described above.

 The resulting pillars of 19 rocks of the amber-containing horizon are also loosened by collapse, cutting it at the base with a water jet of a hydraulic monitor 3 and washing it into a sump 17 for transfer to an enrichment plant.

 Using the claimed method of developing an amber deposit and a device for its implementation allows to provide the following technical and economic advantages.

 Separation of rock blocks along all vertical outcrop planes provides quick wetting, easy loosening and extrusion of rock blocks from the reservoir with low-pressure jets of liquid, which increases the safety of the conditional pieces of amber. The collapse of the rocks of the block ensures their uniform loosening. At the same time, the collapse in the fluid flow to the horizon of underlying rocks softens the blows of falling pieces of amber and excludes from splitting. Only pieces of amber that fall under the cutting elements of the device are destroyed. However, this is a small part compared to the volume of rocks mined. Indeed, pieces of amber, which are inside a large mass of rocks of a mined block, are not exposed to the mechanical action of the cutting elements and the dynamic action of the liquid.

 Sparing conditions for the preservation of pieces of amber also in the development of the left pillars. Only an insignificant part of the pillars of the pillar base is exposed to a liquid jet, and then a low-pressure one, since the collapse of a relatively narrow array of pillar rocks with three exposed surfaces is provided quickly even when a low-pressure jet is exposed to it. In the claimed method for the development of amber, the pillars of rocks of the productive horizon are left specially for the purpose of their subsequent working out using the described gentle technology that ensures the preservation of the conditional dimensions of amber. In a known variant of the field development method adopted as a prototype, it is practically impossible to fully develop pillars and the loss of useful components is 50-70%.

 Therefore, the proposed method for the development of amber deposits and a device for its implementation eliminate the loss of amber and increase the safety of its conditional sizes.

 In addition, the claimed development method and device for its implementation reduce energy costs and increase productivity. Amber-bearing rocks are usually represented by boulderless loams and sandy clays. The vibrational immersion rates of elements in such rocks, even without wetting, are very high (the vibrational drilling method in such rocks is the most productive in comparison with all known methods that are widely used in practice). And since the destructible rocks are constantly wetted by liquid and removed from the casing 6, there are practically no resistance to the introduction of a hydro-working working body into the rocks along the inner surfaces of the walls of its casing. The friction forces of the rocks on the outer surface of the working body are only in contact with the cutting elements 7, since they protrude 5-10 mm beyond the outer surfaces of the walls of the body. And since the resistances are small, it will take only a few minutes to work out the block in amber-bearing rocks, the thicknesses of which in most cases do not exceed 10 m.

 The advantages of the claimed development method and device for its implementation in terms of productivity allow us to recommend them for the development of not only amber-containing, but also any other deposits in which useful components are distributed in soft rocks (category IV for drillability inclusive). (56) 1. Nurok G.A. Processes and technology of hydromechanization of open cast mining. M.: Nedra, 1985, p. 239.

 2. USSR author's certificate N 708055, cl. E 21 C 45/00, 1980.

Claims (2)

 1. A method of developing an amber deposit, including opening the formation, working it out with blocks with the outline of the block below the slit, forming pillars, loosening the rocks of the collapse of the block, eroding the rocks with a jet of liquid, transporting the hydraulic mixture to the surface, characterized in that, in order to reduce energy consumption and reduce output non-condition and loss of useful component due to the possibility of simultaneous loosening of rocks over the entire mass of the separated block while reducing losses in the pillars, the rocks covering the formation are removed, pass a split trench in the mineral up to the soil of the formation with a slope, a sump is arranged in it, the block is additionally contoured with slots in vertical planes, the rocks of the block are collapsed by extruding them into the trench by feeding low-pressure jets of liquid into the slots formed, a hydraulic monitor is installed in the worked out space of the block, cut wholly with a hydraulic monitor at the base and loosen it by collapse, after which the rock is washed off into a cutting trench, and the hydraulic mixture is transported to the surface from the sump.  2. A device for developing an amber deposit, comprising a casing, becoming connected with a water conduit, and hydraulic nozzles, characterized in that, in order to reduce energy consumption and reduce the output of substandard and loss of useful component due to the possibility of simultaneous loosening of rocks throughout the mass of the separated block while reducing losses in the pillars, it is equipped with cutting elements, vibromechanism and lifting means, the body is made of rigidly connected two side, rear and upper walls, reinforced on the upper wall ene vibromehanizm, the lower ends of the side and rear walls are reinforced around the perimeter of the cutting elements and the conduit, gidronasadki disposed uniformly over the entire length and oriented nozzles conduit into the housing, and the housing is attached to hoisting means via a cable.

Images