RU2640611C2 - Hydraulic bore mining of minerals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: hydraulic bore mining of minerals includes drilling of technological wells, placement of hydraulic seals and pressure pipelines in them, erosion of the productive formation. The erosion of the productive formation is carried out in the direction from the side of the split trench to the outlet to the surface. Mining is formed, the stability of its arch is determined by the parameters of erosion along the width and height of the reservoir and the physical and mechanical properties of the rocks being developed. The pulp is delivered to the pulp-receiving ditch through the formed rock mine in the gravity-flowing regime.

EFFECT: increased productivity of the process of minerals mining.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the development of alluvial deposits represented by loamy deposits.

A known method of downhole hydraulic mining of minerals (RF patent 2525398, publ. 08/10/2014), including drilling a series of technological wells, sequentially placing hydraulic production units in them, washing minerals out with liquid jets from a hydraulic monitor integrated in the unit, delivering pulp through the well to the surface. Typical features of the method include the inclined location of the wells in a plane perpendicular to the extension of a number of wells, washing in the direction of the hanging side of the well in the upward direction to ensure gravity flow of pulp into the sump of the well, raising the pulp from the sump to the surface along the borehole with a screw.

In this way, improving the reliability of the issuance of minerals to the surface and the implementation of erosion during drained face.

The disadvantages of this method are the limited scope of its application and design features of the hydraulic unit. The method is designed to develop low-strength, weakly cemented and loose rocks, while the jet power of the built-in hydraulic monitor is limited by the diameter of the technological well and does not provide effective erosion of loamy rocks.

When the pulp is delivered to the surface by the auger, a gap between the blades of the auger head and the wall of the well is inevitable, which will entail the draining of the liquid component of the pulp into the sump and bottom, which eliminates the work in the drained bottom.

A device for downhole hydraulic mining of minerals is also known (RF patent 2111359, publ. 05.20.1998), including becoming with channels for supplying water and lifting the pulp, hydraulic nozzles, hydraulic elevator and a suction chamber with windows in the form of longitudinal slots. The invention relates to equipment for downhole mining and is designed to increase the efficiency of hydraulic equipment due to the device slit-like design on the input windows of the suction chamber. A hydraulic mining device is located in a drilled and cased well; when supplying energy water through nozzles of a hydraulic monitor, the productive formation is eroded; the resulting pulp, together with oversized pieces of mineral, enters the slit of the suction chamber; oversized pieces that have not passed through the slots are partially crushed upon impact with the pointed pins mounted on the device and pass through the slots; unrefined pieces precipitate.

A disadvantage of the known device is the low kinetic energy of the impact for grinding oversized pieces, which is communicated to pieces that have lost energy in the bottom of the flowing stream of pulp, which will lead to clogging of the receiving slots of the suction chamber and reduce the efficiency of the hydraulic unit.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result, adopted as a prototype, is a method in which mining of minerals is carried out at intervals in a horizontally-inclined well in the direction from the bottom to the wellhead, where conditions for the formation of an air environment in advance to operate the jet using a drainage well are created (RF patent 2499140, publ. 20.11.2013).

The disadvantages of this method are:

- the construction of a larger number of hydro production wells, which is caused by the operation of wells of smaller diameter and located inside their hydro production units with limited well size and low productivity;

- the need for preliminary drainage of the working area;

- the need for the operation of drainage wells;

- the need for the use of casing pipes.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of downhole hydraulic production from loamy alluvial deposits by forming a powerful jet monitor for washing and disintegrating loamy rocks and extracting useful minerals of high density from cracks and rafts of the raft, ensuring pressure-free gravity transportation of pulp.

This goal is achieved by the fact that during downhole hydraulic mining of loamy placer deposits, technological wells are drilled, hydraulic trunks and pressure pipelines are placed in them, the productive formation is washed out, while the productive formation is washed in the direction from the side of the split trench to the surface exit, at this forms a mine working, the stability of the arch of which is determined by the erosion parameters for the width and height of the reservoir and physico-mechanical properties developed sawmills, pulp is delivered to the trench through pulpopriemnoy formed by mine working in gravity flow and pressure. To manipulate the hydraulic trunk in the well, a rope is placed.

Preparation for borehole hydraulic production from a loamy placer deposit includes: dividing the excavation section in the plan into openings; opening of the plot along the border of the raft and the reservoir, a cutting trench located at the lowest absolute elevation of the vertical thickness of the reservoir; drilling of horizontally directed pilot wells along the entry and perpendicular to the side of the cutting trench along the bottom of the reservoir and then inclined until reaching the surface; In the reverse course of drilling, the inclined and horizontal parts of the pilot well expand to a diameter in accordance with the dimensions of the hydraulic monitor barrel used in hydromechanization of open cast mining, a pressure water conduit is pulled through the well to a cutting trench, and then a hydraulic monitor barrel is connected to the pipeline to form a pressure water jet. The monitor barrel is connected to a rope stretched throughout the well along the pipeline to control the hydraulic trunk.

The mining of minerals is carried out by calls in the direction from the mouth to the bottom of the well. The slope of the split trench is cut by the stream of the hydraulic trunk equal to the width of the entry, the collapsing rock mass is eroded and the resulting pulp is driven out of the face by the jet stream towards the split trench, then the pulp is transported in a pressure-free-flow mode to the slurry-receiving ditch. At the same time, a jet of grains of high density useful minerals is also extracted from cracks, irregularities and depressions of the placer deposit raft.

As the productive sediment deposits collapse and erode, the pressure head conduit and hydraulic trunk are drawn deep into the array along the entire length of the horizontal part of the well in the direction from the side of the split trench to the exit to the surface.

The cumulative technical result is an increase in the efficiency of downhole hydraulic production by placing a hydromonitor barrel in the horizontal part of the well in order to form a powerful hydromonitor stream, which provides erosion and disintegration of loamy rocks, gravity-pressure transport of pulp, as well as the extraction of high-density grains of high-density minerals from cracks and lowering the raft alluvial deposits.

The invention is illustrated by the drawings shown in FIG. 1, 2, 3, 4. In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the opening and preparation of a deposit for excavation; FIG. 2 shows a treatment excavation of productive sediments (main view), FIG. 3 - treatment excavation of productive deposits (side view), in FIG. 4 - treatment excavation of productive deposits (plan view).

The method includes a breakdown of the development landfill in the plan into excavation sections — entry 4 and their alternate excavation (I, II, III, IV). The width of the entry depends on the physicomechanical properties of the unproductive deposits of placer (peat) 14 lying above the boundary of the productive formation 1. The calculated width of the entry corresponds to a stable passage of the chamber with a height equal to the thickness of the productive formation 15. The length of the boundary 3 of the entry is limited by the technical parameters of the machines of horizontal directional drilling.

In the near-flat part of the excavation section, across the strike strike, there is an inclined exit 7 and horizontal split 6 trenches designed to collect pulp, provide cargo transportation connection with the surface and form sites for the drilling rig 2.

Between the openings 4 planned for the recess, horizontal directional drilling of the wells 5 is carried out from the side of the cutting trench 6 to the surface. First, a pilot borehole with a diameter of 100-150 mm is drilled. The well consists of an inclined 9 and a horizontal 10 section, a horizontal section in the near-flat part is drilled from the side of the cutting trench 6 under the slope of the raft (usually 5-10 °) to ensure pressure-free gravity transportation of the pulp. The inclined section from the sole to the surface is drilled at an angle of 10-25 ° (slope 32%).

The pilot well from the surface to the cutting trench 6 expands to the diameter of the hydraulic monitor trunk (hydraulic bore) 11 used in the hydromechanization of open cast mining (up to 300-500 mm). On the surface from the pump 8, the pressure pipe 16 and the rope 17 extend to the cutting trench to the wellhead 5. The hydraulic trunk is connected to the pipeline to form a water jet and to the cable to rotate the hydraulic trunk. The slope 18 of the split trench is cut with a hydraulic jet to form a cut 19. The cut deepens along the well until the productive deposits collapse. The collapse of the overlying layers occurs spontaneously and is governed by the size of the face and the depth of the cut.

The stability of the arch of the formed mine is determined by the erosion parameters for the width and height of the reservoir and the physicomechanical properties of the developed rocks.

The washed-out rock mass in the form of a slurry (pulp) is driven out by a jet stream from the face 12 and transported in a pressure-free-flow mode to the pulp-receiving ditch 13. Through the ditch, the pulp enters the sump of the suction pump.

Information sources

1. RF patent 2525398, publ. 08/10/2014.

2. RF patent 2111359, publ. 05/20/1998.

3. RF patent No. 2499140, publ. 11/20/2013.

Claims (2)

1. The method of downhole hydraulic mining of minerals from loamy alluvial deposits, including drilling technological wells, placing them in hydraulic trunks and pressure pipelines, erosion of the reservoir, characterized in that the erosion of the reservoir is carried out in the direction from the side of the cut trench to the surface, while form a mine working, the stability of the arch of which is determined by the erosion parameters for the width and height of the reservoir and the physico-mechanical properties of the developed rocks, the pulp is delivered to the slurry receiving ditch through the formed mine in the pressure-gravity mode. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that for manipulating the hydraulic trunk in the well, a rope is placed.

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