RU2235881C1 - Method for extraction of slanted bed of hard mineral resource by means of method of well hydro-extraction (variants) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry.

SUBSTANCE: according to the method, extracting block is placed on quarry shelf and directed in direction of fall of bed of mineral resource. At limit of block in deep section of bed extracting well is drilled up to its exit into bed soil, after which procedure well is cased from mouth to bed ceiling. In mineral resource bed hydrowashing is performed to form receiving chamber, then well is provided with slurry-hoisting equipment. Necessary condition for method realization is construction along said limit of extracting block up to connection to accepting chamber of extracting well of transferring mine with slant from 4 to 8%. Along transferring mine slurry is self-propelled from peripheral portion of mineral resource bed into receiving chamber, and from there, by means of slurry-hoisting equipment, is sent to the surface. In side of quarry along mineral resource bed a row of parallel extracting wells is drilled, which are hydraulically connected to transferring mine. Extracting wells are provided with hydromonitoring body. Hydro-mining of mineral resource is performed while moving hydromonitoring body in extracting wells from transferring mine to quarry side. On basis of method of driving transferring mine, two variants of invention realization are possible: transferring mine is driven by means of hydraulic washing of mineral resource bed from auxiliary wells drilled at the limit of extracting block, and transferring mine is formed by hydraulic washing of mineral resource bed in face-adjacent areas of extracting wells.

EFFECT: lesser amounts of drilling operations and simplified control of extracting wells during process of bed extraction.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods for developing solid mineral deposits, and in particular to a method for downhole hydraulic mining of minerals, and may find application in the development of inclined formations of low and medium power after developing a shallow overlying wing in an open way.

There is a known method of extracting water from underground sources using horizontal horizontal wells and a method of constructing horizontal water intakes (Hydrogeological studies for constructing radial water intakes and their operational experience. Overview. VIEMS of the USSR Ministry of Geology. M., 1997). The method of water production is as follows. From the surface to the water-resistant horizon there is a drainage well (shaft of a mine, large-diameter pit), the walls and bottom of which are fixed with concrete support. In the interval of the aquifer in the concrete lining of the walls of the well, windows are punched through which horizontal drainage wells are drilled, diverging in rays from the water well. Wells are drilled by crushing a drill or by rotary drilling. Wells are equipped with filters. The length of beam wells can reach 100 meters or more. Through these wells, water from the aquifer enters the catchment well, from which it is discharged to the surface by means of water-lifting equipment. By analogy with the borehole hydraulic production of solid minerals in this method, horizontal beam wells play the role of production wells, and the catchment well serves as the issuing mine.

The disadvantages of the method: the impossibility of direct use in downhole hydraulic mining of solid minerals, the difficulty of penetrating beam wells due to cramped drilling conditions at the bottom of the drainage well.

A known method of hydraulic extraction of materials from productive horizons (AS No. 1343018 with priority from 03/21/86, IPC E 21 C 45/00). The method consists in the fact that during the development of a steeply falling productive horizon, production and production deviated wells are drilled. A production well is carried out directly at the soil of the productive horizon by its fall. Drilling a producing well is carried out obliquely across the strike of the productive horizon at an angle that is equal to or less than the angle of displacement of the overlying rocks during the formation of a mining chamber under the issuing well. The bottomhole of the production well is withdrawn under the bottomhole of the production well. Then, a downhole hydraulic monitor is placed in the production well, and pulp-lifting equipment in the dispensing well. They produce a failure of the dispensing and production wells and proceed to hydrotesting the mineral. It is produced from a transverse nozzle with a jet stream moving in a sector parallel to the plane of displacement of the overlying rocks above the dispensing well.

The disadvantage of the method according to A.S. No. 1343018 - a large amount of drilling work, as well as the difficulty of breaking production and production wells.

A known method of downhole hydraulic production from reservoir inclined mineral deposits (AS No. 1180508 with priority from 08/31/82, IPC E 21 C 45/00. Prototype). The method is as follows. The mining block is oriented in the direction of the fall of the mineral layer. The production line and a number of vertical production wells pass along the axis of the production block, which coincides with the projection onto the horizontal plane of the dip line. In this case, the production well is drilled at the lower point of the formation line, provided that the bottom hole enters the formation soil, and production wells are higher in the uprising of the formation to the formation soil. The issuing well is cased to the top of the formation and in its lower part a hydraulic washing of the formation is made to form a receiving chamber. After this, production wells are malfunctioned with the receiving chamber of the producing well, as a result of which a transport hole is formed through the entire extraction block along the dip of the formation, the sole of which is the soil of the formation. Next, production wells are drilled throughout the extraction block on a square grid. The mining of the excavation block begins with wells located in the upper part of the formation following its uprising, and first, minerals are hydraulically washed in the wells adjacent to the transport development, and then in the peripheral wells. Under the influence of gravitational forces, the resulting pulp from the entire extraction block by gravity is delivered first to the transport working out, then to the working out of the working out to the receiving chamber of the dispensing well, from where it is pulled out to the surface using pulp-lifting equipment.

The disadvantages of the method according to A.S. No. 1180508: a significant amount of drilling due to the large number of production wells, the difficulty of transporting the production and its disruption with the production well, the difficulty of managing the operation of production wells in the process of developing the formation and mineral.

The task is set - during the development by the method of borehole hydraulic production of the falling wing of an inclined layer of minerals after mining its rising wing in an open way:

- reduce the amount of drilling work,

- to simplify the process of posting transport development and disruption of production wells with it,

- simplify the management of production wells in the process of development of the reservoir.

The essence of the proposed invention is as follows. The excavation block is located on the ledge of the quarry and is oriented in the direction of the dip of the mineral layer (hereinafter - PI). A production well is drilled at the block boundary in the deep part of the formation until it enters the soil of the formation, after which the well is cased from the mouth to the roof of the formation. In the PI formation, hydraulic washing is performed to form the receiving chamber, the well is equipped with pulp-lifting equipment. A necessary condition for the implementation of the method is driving along the aforementioned boundary of the extraction block until it fails with the receiving chamber of the dispensing well of the transport mine with a slope of 4-8%. It is formed by hydraulic washing from auxiliary wells conducted from the surface along the boundary of the extraction block, or from production wells drilled along the PI layer from the open pit. According to this production, the pulp by gravity will come from the peripheral part of the PI formation to the receiving chamber of the issued well, and from it with the help of pulp-lifting equipment it will be delivered to the surface. Then, a series of parallel production wells, hydraulically connected with the transport output, are drilled along the PI layer along the PI layer. Production wells are equipped with a hydraulic monitor with side nozzles. PI hydraulic breakdown is carried out in the process of moving a hydromonitor projectile in a production well following a formation uprising, i.e. towards the quarry.

Based on the method of driving transport development, the invention can be implemented in two versions:

Option 1. Transport development is carried out by hydraulic washing of the PI formation from auxiliary wells drilled at the boundary of the extraction block in the deep part of the PI formation.

Option 2. Transport generation is formed by hydraulic erosion of the PI formation in the bottom-hole zones of production wells.

Further, the invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

- figure 1 is a plan of the location of the mine workings according to option 1;

- figure 2 is a section of the extraction block along the axis of the production well in a vertical plane according to option 1 (section aa);

- figure 3 is a plan of the location of the mine workings according to option 2;

- figure 4 is a plan of the location of the mine workings with a peripheral issuing well.

Examples of the method.

Option 1.

The excavation unit 1 with a side length of 100 to 600 meters is located on the ledge of the quarry and oriented in the direction of fall of the formation 2 PI so that the projection of the axis of the block onto the formation coincides with its fall line (Figs. 1, 2). At the border 3 of the excavation block 1 (Figs. 1, 3) in the falling wing of the formation 2, i.e. in its deep-seated part, they drill a vertical or inclined (depending on the angle of incidence of the formation) issued well 4 before it enters the soil 5 of the formation. The well is located either on the axis of the block (figure 3), or in its peripheral part (figure 4). The diameter of the well is 250-300 mm. The well is drilled in a rotational manner, with a continuous face, with washing with a clay solution. After penetration, the well is fastened to the top of the formation by casing pipes, a hydromonitor projectile with side nozzles is lowered into the well and in the formation 2 PI, the formation is washed out in order to form the receiving chamber 6. The well is equipped with pulp-lifting equipment (airlift, dredger, hydraulic elevator). Along the border 3 of the excavation block 1 in the deep-seated part of the formation 2 PI, a number of auxiliary wells 7 are drilled with a diameter of 150-200 mm. (figure 1). This series of wells is positioned at a certain angle to the dip line of the PI formation, which depends on the dip angle, but is less than 90 °. In wells 7, sequentially, starting from the closest to the receiving chamber 6, hydraulic washing of the mineral layer 2 with a hydro-monitor with a side nozzle is carried out. The result is a transport output 8 (accumulating drift. Mountain encyclopedia. - M .: Soviet encyclopedia, t.5, p.437, 1991), which connects the peripheral sections of the formation 2 with the receiving chamber 6 of the issuing well 4 and serves to deliver it by gravity of the pulp formed during mining of formation 2 PI. The slope of the transport output 8 towards the receiving chamber 6, by analogy with the accumulation drift, should be at least 4%. This condition is necessary to ensure the delivery of pulp to the receiving chamber by gravity.

In the board 9 of the quarry (Fig. 2), a number of delivery wells 10 are drilled along the PI formation 2, which are parallel to each other. The angle of inclination of the wells is equal to the dip angle of the formation 2 PI. Wells pass through a rotational method, a continuous face, with washing with a liquid or blowing with air. After the faces of the production wells 10 reach the transport output 8, they are equipped with a hydraulic monitor with side nozzles. The distance between production wells is 20-50 meters and depends on the formation development system (with the abandonment of temporary pillars and laying of the worked out space, with the collapse of the roof of the worked out space, etc.).

When moving a water-borne projectile along the well 10 from the transport mine 8 to the side 9 of the quarry, the PI formation 2 is hydraulically washed. The resulting pulp through the soil 5 of the PI formation is delivered by gravity to the transport excavation 8, then by gravity transport the pulp flows into the receiving chamber 6 of the producing well 4, from where with the help of pulp-lifting equipment it is issued to the surface.

Option 2

The excavation unit 1 with a side length of 100 to 600 meters is located on the ledge of the quarry and is oriented in the direction of fall of the formation 2 PI so that the projection of the axis of the block onto the formation coincides with its fall line (Fig. 3, 2). At the border 3 of the excavation block 1 (Figs. 1, 3) in the falling wing of the formation 2, i.e. in its deep-seated part, a vertical or inclined (depending on the angle of incidence of the formation) production well 4 is drilled until it enters the soil 5 of the formation. The well is located either on the axis of the block (figure 3), or in its peripheral part (figure 4). After penetration, the well is fastened to the top of the formation by casing pipes, a hydromonitor projectile with side nozzles is lowered into the well, and the formation 2 is hydraulically washed to form the receiving chamber 6. Then, the well is equipped with pulp-lifting equipment (airlift, dredger, hydraulic elevator).

In board 9 of the quarry (Fig. 2), a number of issuing wells 10 are drilled along formation 2 PI, the distance between which depends on the formation development system (leaving the pillars, collapsing the roof of the worked out space, etc.) and is 20-50 meters. The angle of inclination of the wells is equal to the dip angle of the formation 2 PI. Wells pass through a rotational method, a continuous face, with washing with a liquid or blowing with air. The diameter of the wells is 150-200 mm. The bottom holes of production wells are left on the line, which is located along the strike of the PI formation at a certain angle to the line of its fall of less than 90. Then, a hydraulic monitor with a lateral nozzle is introduced into the well and the PI formation is washed out in the bottomhole zone of the wells, starting from the well located near the receiving chamber 6. The result is a transport output 8 (accumulating drift. Mountain Encyclopedia - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, t.5, p.437, 1991), which connects the peripheral sections of the reservoir 2 PI with the receiving chamber 6 and serves as For the delivery to it by gravity of the pulp formed during the mining of formation 2 PI. The slope of the transport output 8 by analogy with the accumulation drift should be at least 4%.

When moving a water-borne projectile along the well 10 in the formation 2 from the transport generation 8 to the side 9 of the quarry, PI hydraulic washing occurs. The resulting pulp through soil 5 of the PI layer by gravity is delivered to the transport excavation 8, from the transport excavation also by gravity the pulp enters the receiving chamber 6 of the dispensing well 4, from where it is pulled out to the surface using pulp-lifting equipment (airlift, dredger, hydraulic elevator).

The proposed method for options 1 and 2 of the Tomsk mining company is planned to be used in the development of the deep-seated part of the PI Talovskoye brown coal deposit and Georgievskoye zircon-ilmenite sands deposit (Tomsk region) after mining their rising wing by the open method. The condition for using the method is the slope of the soil of the PI layer should be at least 4%.

The advantages of the proposed method:

- reduced the amount of drilling due to the sinking of production wells in the PI layer, and in some cases, of producing wells;

- simplifies the process of formation of the hydraulic system “production wells - production wells”;

- simplified management of production wells during mining PI;

- the cost of mining is reduced.

Claims (2)

1. The method of developing an inclined formation of solid minerals by the method of borehole hydraulic production, which consists in the fact that in the falling wing of the formation of minerals, the production well is drilled before entering the formation soil, the trunk of which is fixed to the bottom of the formation by casing pipes, in the bottomhole zone of the production well by hydraulic washing of the formation form a receiving chamber associated with the dispensing well, equip the dispensing well with pulp-lifting equipment, drill auxiliary wells along the strike of the formation and form, starting the closest auxiliary well, relative to the dispensing well, by hydraulic washing of the formation in the bottom-hole zones of the auxiliary wells, a transport excavation for supplying by gravity to the receiving chamber the pulp issuing well formed during hydraulic breaking of the mineral in production wells, passed through the entire extraction block, and discharged to surface pulp-lifting equipment located in the issuing well, characterized in that after the development of a shallow-lying wing of an inclined formation of a useful mineral open-pit low-power mine with the formation of a quarry, the extraction block is located on its ledge and oriented in the direction of the dip of the mineral layer, while the delivery well is drilled at the boundary of the mining block, and the transport output is located on the boundary of the falling wing of the mineral layer, with auxiliary wells being drilled along the strike of the formation along a line whose inclination angle with respect to the line of incidence of the mineral layer is less than 90 °, while production wells are drilled onboard arera on a layer of mineral sboyka to transport them to the generation and gidrootboyku mineral produced by the movement of the projectile by jetting from the mining well transport board to generate pit. 2. A method of developing an inclined formation of solid minerals by the method of downhole hydraulic production, which consists in drilling a production well in the falling wing of a mineral formation before entering the formation soil, the trunk of which is secured to the bottom of the formation by casing pipes, in the bottomhole zone of the production well by means of hydraulic washing of the formation form a receiving chamber connected to the dispensing well, equip the dispensing well with pulp-lifting equipment, form a transport outlet in the formation for gravity to be fed into the reception amer of a pulp producing well, formed during hydraulic breaking of a mineral in production wells, passed through the entire extraction block, and delivered to the surface by pulp-lifting equipment located in the issuing well, characterized in that after the development of a shallow-lying wing of an inclined stratum of a small or medium power mineral In the way with the formation of a quarry, the extraction block is located on its ledge and oriented in the direction of the fall of the mineral layer, while a well is drilled at the boundary of the extraction block, and production wells pass along the quarry along the mineral layer, the faces of which are left at the boundary of the mining block in the falling wing along the strike of the mineral layer along a line making an angle of less than 90 ° with the dip line of the mineral layer, by hydraulic washing in the bottom-hole zones of production wells, starting from the closest to the receiving chamber, transport production is formed in the mineral layer, and mineral production is hydraulic breaking ny by moving the jetting projectile along each borehole mining in the direction from the transport board to generate pit.

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