RU2553723C1 - Method of remote coal extraction at edge seams in open-cast and device to this end - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: this process comprises open coal extraction by cut chambers, production of barrier posts and backfilling of said chambers. Drilling hardware represents a milling driller located on day surface with drilling tool inclination of 45-90 degrees from vertical line. Note here that coal removal from blocks is performed with the help of hydraulic drawing device at liquid-to-solid ratio equal to 1:3. There, coal pulp is directed to coal dewatering to 7-8 % while effluents are forced to desliming and circulation.

EFFECT: higher efficiency and safety of edge seams development.

6 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The claimed group of inventions relates to mining and can be used in the development of coal deposits in steep seams by open pit mining, mainly in coal deposits that are at the final stage of open pit mining and already worked out quarry fields.

There is a method of auger drilling of thin seams of coal deposits by drilling coal with a auger drilling machine, from an open surface, and its delivery is carried out using dragline (see US patent No. 4589700, IPC, CL E21C 41/31, E21C 47/00, E21C 41 / 26 of 05.20.1986).

The disadvantages of the method are low productivity, significant loss of mineral resources, limited use for the development of coal deposits, as well as the possibility of using this method only as an auxiliary process.

There is also a known method of extracting mineral reserves using thin-layer developers with a sectional conveyor installation and with a multi-link screw conveyor (see patent WO 95/02746, IPC. Cl. E21C 41/28 of July 12, 2004).

The disadvantage of this method is that it has a limited scope, since it provides for the mining of minerals only after opencast mining reaches the maximum stripping ratio and only low-power, single, horizontal or slightly inclined formations.

There is also known a method and device for erecting insulating walls in the soil by milling the slit, excavating the developed soil material from the slit onto the surface, filling the slit with a support slurry to create a support and preserving the slit, supplying a hardening slurry that displaces the support slurry (see patent Germany No. 19530827 C2, IPC, class E02D 5/18 of 09/22/1995).

The disadvantage of this method and device is their highly specialized orientation, providing only construction excavation works, namely, the construction of insulating walls in the ground, as well as the lack of technological parameters and modes for applying this method and device in the development of steeply falling coal seams, which does not allow cost-effective and it is safe to use them for coal mining on steep seams in open cast mining.

Closest to the claimed invention is a method of developing minerals from the sides of quarries, trenches or other workings by open-pit mining and excavation of minerals by excavating chambers with the safety pillars between them and the subsequent laying of chambers, implemented using an open-underground mining complex (see patent RF №2247241, IPC, class Е21С 41/00 dated 06/20/2003).

The disadvantage of this method is that it does not provide the possibility of mining steeply falling seams, and also requires the preservation of a significant size of the safety pillars between the mining chambers formed during the operation of the open-underground mining complex, which leads to loss of minerals or the need to switch from open and open underground mining, conducted using an open-underground mining complex, for mining underground. As a result, the economic efficiency of field development is significantly reduced.

Closest to the claimed invention is a device and method for erecting insulating walls in the soil, which includes a frame, one or more lower disk cutters located below on the frame, one or more additional disk cutters located on top of the frame, made mirror symmetrical relative to the plane, passing perpendicular to the direction of supply, a fluid supply device for supplying a binder fluid to the slot (see patent RU 2304197 C2, IPC, class E02D 5/20, E02F 5/08 of 08.08.2005).

The disadvantage of this device and method is that they are not intended for use in open pit mining of steeply falling coal seams by excavating coal on the surface, as it is used during construction work, namely the creation of engineering structures - “walls in the ground”. In addition, this device and method is characterized by low productivity, the absence of special equipment for drilling coal with extraction chambers, to a depth of 100 m or more, as well as its raising to the day surface and storage, which in combination of these disadvantages does not allow economically and technologically efficient conduct open-pit mining of coal deposits.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency and safety of mining steep-falling coal seams through the use of remote coal mining in opencast mining and milling drilling tools with hydraulic coal, as well as the use of a technological scheme for coal dehydration and the secondary use of process water in recycled water supply.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the method of remote mining of coal on steep seams during open cast mining, including open pit mining and extraction of coal by extraction chambers, creation of pillar barriers, laying of extraction chambers as a drilling device, a milling drilling machine placed on the daytime is used surface, on the head of a coal seam with an inclination angle of the milling drilling tool from 45 to 90 ° from the vertical, while the coal is extracted from the extraction chambers using a guide device coal discharge with a ratio of solid and liquid phase equal to 1: 3, after which the coal pulp is sent to dehydrate coal up to 7-8%, and wastewater to de-slurry and into circulation.

The method also consists in the fact that the extraction of coal from the extraction block is carried out by successive drilling of the extraction chambers of 1.2 × 2.2-3.5 m in size, according to the dip of the formation, to a depth of 100 m or more.

In addition, in the method for hardening the barrier pillar, injection slots are created by contouring the slit by milling with a size of 0.2 × 1.5 m, with extraction of coal, and filling the injection slots with a reinforcing composition, for example, a coal slurry composite mixture obtained by clarification waste water, water, Portland cement grade 300, overburden with a ratio of components equal to 3: 2: 1,2: 5.

Drilling device for remote coal mining on steep seams during open cast mining, containing milling / mixing milling cutters, made mirror-symmetrical with respect to a plane perpendicular to the feed direction, and rotating in opposite directions or in one direction, a fluid supply device, rotation drives, telescopic the drill rod is additionally equipped with a device for the hydraulic discharge of coal to the day surface, consisting of an elevator bucket conveyor for lifting coal, and a measure for the collection of coal pulp, installed above the milling / mixing milling cutters, made in the form of two adjacent drum mills.

At the same time, a lining is provided on the surface of the milling drums with single milling teeth and milling belts mounted on it made of wear-resistant material.

In addition, the device for the hydraulic discharge of coal can be made in the form of a pump installed in the base of the extraction chamber, connected to a reinforced slurry pipe for collecting and lifting the coal pulp to the surface.

In contrast to the known method, the proposed method allows to increase the efficiency of coal mining on steep seams in opencast mining and the environmental safety of mining through the use of a milling drilling machine in combination with coal dehydration technology and the use of wastewater for circulating water supply of this technology.

This result is achieved by stripping a coal seam or seams along the strike with open pit mining and installing a milling drilling machine on the seam, which allows coal to be drilled with extraction chambers 1.2 × 2.2–3.5 m in size, at an angle from 45 to 90 ° from the vertical, relative to the axis of the strike of the formation, and to a depth of 100 m or more.

At the same time, in order to increase productivity, as well as the continuity of the technological process, the extraction of coal from the extraction chambers to the day surface is carried out using a coal hydrotreatment device with a ratio of solid and liquid phase T: L = 1: 3, after which the coal pulp is sent to dehydrate the coal to 7-8%, and wastewater to de-clam, and then returned back to the process.

In addition, to increase the durability and performance of the milling drilling tool, a lining is installed on the surface of the milling drums, on which single milling teeth and a milling tape made of wear-resistant material are fixed.

Also, to increase the safety of open cast mining, hardening of the walls of the extraction chamber along its perimeter is preliminarily carried out. This is achieved by preserving the barrier pillar 1.0 m wide and creating an injection gap by milling 0.2 × 1.5 m in size with a coal excavation and filling the injection gap with a reinforcing composition. For example, a composite mixture in the form of coal sludge obtained by clarification of wastewater, water, Portland cement grade 300, overburden with a ratio of components equal to 3: 2: 1,2: 5.

Thus, the above method and device for its implementation can significantly increase the efficiency of coal mining and reduce the economic costs of work and field remediation, accompanied by open and underground mining of coal deposits, as well as improve life safety during coal mining and environmental protection. This is achieved through the use of remote coal mining in opencast mining and a milling rig with coal hydrotracking on the day surface, as well as technological steps such as dehydration of coal and de-clogging of wastewater for recycling water supply.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the technology of remote coal mining on steep seams during open pit mining: a) a top view, b) a sectional view A-A; figure 2 - diagram of a device for implementing the proposed method: a) side view, b) sectional view B-B; figure 3 is a schematic flow diagram of remote coal mining for the implementation of the proposed method.

The technology of remote coal mining on steep seams during open cast mining includes a quarry board 1, a coal seam 2, a mining chamber 3, a rear pillar 4, an injection slot 5, a spent mining chamber 6, filling material 7, a mining slot 8, a pump station 9, dewatering device 10, conveyor belt 11, coal storage platform 12, sludge collector 13, milling drilling machine 14, milling drilling tool 15, electric drive 16, milling drums 17, water supply device 18, reinforced hydraulic hose 19, a coal hydropower unit 20, a coal pulp intake chamber 21, an elevator bucket conveyor 22, a gear wheel 23, a lining 24, single milling teeth 25, milling belts 26, disk mills 27, a drive drum 28, a transmission chain 29, rod 30, crane suspension 31, crane rope 32, an additional section of the conveyor elevator bucket 33, the receiving hopper 34.

The method of remote coal mining on steep bed during opencast mining is as follows. Opencast mining is a preliminary cleaning of the coal seam 2 along the strike, which is a horizontal flat area. Then, a milling drilling machine 14 is installed on the aligned platform, which conducts the development of the coal seam 2 by sequentially drilling the production chambers 8 with a size of 1.2 × 2.2-3.5 m at an angle of 45 to 90 ° from the vertical, relative to the axis of strike of the coal seam ( a) 2, and to a depth of 100 m or more. Moreover, to increase the depth of development of the mining chamber 8, additional sections of the elevator-bucket conveyor 33 are used.

For drilling out coal, a milling drilling tool 15, consisting of an electric actuator 16 used to rotate the milling drums 17, and a coal water dispensing device 20, a water supply device 18, a reinforced hydraulic hose 19, a coal water dispensing device 20, consisting of a coal pulp collection chamber 21 and the conveyor of the elevator bucket 22, under the action of two milling drums 17, rotating in opposite directions, is buried in the coal seam 2. Moreover, the milling drums 17 rotate towards the water supply device 18. The process burivaniya coal is performed by directing the cutting wheels 27, mounted on the ends of the milling drum 17, covered with a single liner 24 milling teeth 25 and the teeth of the milling tape 26, made of wear-resistant material.

In this case, for the formation of coal pulp through the water supply device 18, including a reinforced hydraulic hose 19, water enters the space between the two milling drums 17, which, forming a coal pulp, fills the chamber for collecting coal pulp 21. Then, the coal pulp in the ratio of solid to liquid phase T: W = 1: 3 from the chamber for collecting coal pulp 21 by means of the conveyor, the elevator bucket 22 rises to the day surface, where it is emptied into the receiving hopper 34. Next, the coal pulp enters the dewatering device 10 s Niemi oversize and undersize. The over-sieve product with a moisture content of 7-8% enters the conveyor belt 11 and is unloaded to the coal storage platform 12. The under-sieve product in the form of wastewater containing sludge particles enters the sludge collector 13, where, as a result of natural deposition and then treatment of clarified water, the surface active substances is sewage treatment. The clarified process water from the sludge collector 13 by the pumping station 9 is sent to the technological process, and the accumulated sludge after additional dehydration into a special dump.

To increase the safety of remote coal mining on steep seams during open pit mining, a 1.0 m wide barrier pillar 4 is created between the mining blocks, which performs the barrier and safety functions, which is previously hardened before mining the mining chamber 3. The walls of the mining block 3 are strengthened by its perimeter is achieved by creating an injection gap 5 when sinking with a milling drilling tool 15 of a size of 0.2-1.5 m, with a coal excavation and filling the injection gap with a reinforcing composition ohm For example, a composite mixture in the form of coal sludge obtained by clarification of wastewater, water, Portland cement grade 300, overburden with a ratio of components equal to 3: 2: 1,2: 5.

As a result of the use of the barrier pillar 4, the entry of filling material 7, for example overburden, located in the spent mining block 6, is prevented from falling into the mining space, and the collapse of the rocks of the hanging and lying sides of the worked out space is also prevented.

Thus, the above method of remote coal mining on steep seams during open cast mining and a device for its implementation can significantly increase the efficiency of coal mining, reduce the economic costs of work and restoration of the deposit, as well as improve life safety and environmental protection.

Claims (6)

1. The method of remote coal mining on steep seams during open cast mining, including open pit mining and extraction of coal by mining chambers, creating pillar barriers, laying excavation chambers, characterized in that a milling drilling machine placed on the day surface is used as a drilling device, with an angle of inclination of the milling drilling tool from 45 to 90 ° from the vertical, while the extraction of coal from the extraction blocks is carried out using a coal hydrotreatment device with a ratio of solid and liquid phases s is equal to 1: 3, after which the coal pulp is sent to dehydration of coal up to 7-8%, and wastewater - to de-slurry and into circulation. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the extraction of coal from the extraction unit is carried out by sequentially drilling the extraction chambers of 1.2 × 2.2-3.5 m in size, according to the dip of the formation, to a depth of 100 m or more. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the creation of injection slots is carried out by contouring the slot with a milling of 0.2 × 1.5 m in size, with a coal excavation, and filling the injection slots with a reinforcing composition, for example a composite mixture in the form of coal sludge, obtained by clarification of wastewater, water, Portland cement grade 300, overburden with a ratio of components equal to 3: 2: 1,2: 5. 4. A device for extracting coal, containing milling / mixing milling cutters, made mirror-symmetric with respect to a plane extending perpendicular to the feed direction, and rotating in opposite directions or in the same direction, fluid supply devices, rotation drives, telescopic drill rod, characterized in that additionally equipped with a device for hydraulically discharging coal to the day surface, consisting of an elevator bucket conveyor for lifting coal, and a coal pulp collection chamber mounted above milling / mixing mills made in the form of two adjacent drum mills. 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that on the surface of the milling drums a lining is provided with single milling teeth and milling belts mounted on it made of wear-resistant material. 6. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the device for the hydraulic discharge of coal is made in the form of a pump installed in the base of the extraction chamber connected to a reinforced slurry pipe for collecting and lifting the coal pulp to the surface.

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