RU2213224C1 - Method of opencast mining of mineral deposits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: opencast mining of extensive and with especially high thickness horizontal and flat mineral deposits. SUBSTANCE: method includes excavation of working trench, making in adjacent blocks of overburden and mining benches and internal dump formation. Overburden rocks from excavation of working trench are located on its mining flank in direction of development of mining operations with their subsequent storage in internal dump. Formation of overburden and mining benches and also internal dump are effected simultaneously in initial block on mineral dip, and in adjacent block on-dip and up-dip. Flank of adjacent block is worked without trench excavation, simultaneously with trench filling on boundary of two adjacent blocks, and flank trench from preceding block is used in mining of adjacent block, then, operations in block are repeated. EFFECT: increased efficiency and intensity of stripping, stopping and dumping operations, reduced volumes of mining operations and areas of alienated land for dumps in excavation of working trench. 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to open-cast mining of horizontal and gentle bedding of vast mineral deposits of particularly high power.

 It is known that when developing strata of particularly high power mineral deposits during the initial period of exploitation, when developing the front of mining operations in the fall, the receiving capacity of the worked out space significantly exceeds the overburden volumes, while the internal dump is located below the surface of the quarry field, therefore, swamping and flooding of dumps by surface and groundwater. Reclamation, for example, under arable land is not carried out until the filling of the empty space with overburden to fill the surface of the quarry field. There is a significant time gap between disturbance and restoration of land, and with a further decrease in mining, when the dump height exceeds a predetermined level, part of the overburden is redistributed to dump the internal dump for its development in the opposite direction due to the redistribution of overburden cargo flows (P.I. Tomakov , BC Kovalenko. Rational land use in open pit mining. - M.: Nedra, 1984, p. 67, 70-71).

 The specified method is characterized by insufficiently high efficiency and intensity of mining operations.

 Open-cast mining methods are known in which the residual and capital mine workings are filled with overburden from neighboring quarries and overburden of one’s own quarry using the block method of mining the quarry when the quenched quarry space of leading (in plan) blocks is partially covered with overburden from the lagging blocks (P .I. Tomakov, BC Kovalenko. Rational land use in open pit mining. - M.: Nedra, 1984, pp. 72-73, Fig. 3.15 a and b).

 These methods are characterized by significant costs for transportation of overburden from neighboring quarries and insufficiently high efficiency of mining.

 There is also known a method of open-pit mining of mineral deposits, including driving a cutting trench along an adjacent quarry field (block) after mining a section of a priority quarry field and mining an adjacent quarry field opposite to a mining section of a priority quarry field before completing mining of the latter and also mining overburden, mining ledges and internal dumping (USSR Author's Certificate 1257217, class E 21 C 41/00, 1986, prototype).

 The specified method is characterized by low efficiency and intensity of mining due to additional mining and capital works. In addition, this method is characterized by a large area of alienated land.

 The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency and intensity of overburden, mining and dumping, reducing the volume of mining and the area of alienated land for dumps from a split trench.

 The problem is achieved in that in the method of open-pit mining of mineral deposits, including opening with a cut trench, mining in adjacent blocks of overburden, mining ledges and internal dumping, overburden from a cut trench is placed on its working board in the direction of mining operations with their subsequent storage in an internal dump, mining of overburden and mining ledges, as well as internal dumping, is carried out simultaneously: in the initial the block for the fall of minerals, and in the adjacent - for the fall and the uprising, the flank of the adjacent block is developed without digging a trench, at the same time the trench is repaid at the border of two adjacent blocks and the flank trench from the previous block is used to develop the next adjacent block, then the operations in the blocks are repeated .

 The invention is illustrated by drawings.

 In FIG. 1 shows in plan a split trench of the initial block and overburden from its holding on the working board.

 In FIG. 2 shows in plan the position of the split trench of the adjacent block.

 In FIG. 3 shows a plan of mining operations in blocks in a plan.

 In FIG. 4 shows in plan the state of mining in the final period of the development of blocks.

 In FIG. 5 depicts in the plan the repayment of mining and the beginning of the development of the subsequent block.

 The method is as follows. Using known methods and means, in the place of the closest occurrence to the surface of the mineral, a split trench 1 of the initial block is placed with overburden 2 from it, on its working board in the direction of development of the mining front.

 Overburden and rocks from a trench using, for example, road or rail transport are placed in an internal dump in tiers, at a design height, to the level of the surface of the quarry field. As mining operations decrease, when the overburden power increases significantly, a split trench 3 of the adjacent block is made and an additional overburden ledge 4 is cut. Overburden from this trench is also placed in the internal dump with tiers 5 of the initial block. Then, overburden and mining ledges 6 are worked out at the same time, tiers of the internal dump are poured in blocks and trench 7 at the border of adjacent blocks is poured (redeemed).

 In the final period of the development of the blocks, the flank trench 8 of the initial block and the residual trench 9 of the adjacent block are covered. In the development of each subsequent block, a trench 10 is used and the indicated operations are repeated.

 Residual mine workings of 11 adjacent blocks are reclaimed using known methods and means, depending on the ecological and economically feasible subsequent use of land, for example, forestry and water management.

 The invention allows to achieve a high concentration, efficiency and intensity of stripping, mining and dumping, to reduce the size of the alienated land and the volume of mining.

 For the conditions of the Berezovsky open pit of the Krasnoyarsk Coal Company, the development of mining operations by the proposed method will reduce the area of alienated land for external dumps by 50 hectares, as overburden of an adjacent block is moved to the internal mined space.

Claims (1)

 A method of open-pit mining of mineral deposits, including sinking of a trench, mining in adjacent blocks of overburden and mining ledges and internal dumping, characterized in that the overburden from conducting a trench is placed on its working board in the direction of development of mining operations with their subsequent storage in the inner dump, mining overburden and mining ledges, as well as internal dump formation is carried out simultaneously: in the initial block for the fall of mineral resources th, and in the adjacent - the dip and the uprising development side adjacent block is performed without penetration of the trench, both trench cancel out at the boundary of two adjacent blocks and used flank the trench from the previous block in the development of subsequent adjacent block, then the operation is repeated in blocks.

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