RU2224109C2 - Process of opencast mining of steeply deeping stretched-out mineral deposits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry, development of steeply deeping stretched-out deposits by stripping. SUBSTANCE: process of opencast mining of steeply deeping stretched-out deposits includes development of stripping field by stages, preparation of rock mass to excavation by drilling and blasting operations, transportation of rock and mineral product by dump trucks, disposition of overburden rock in external and internal dumps. On completion of mining operations in limits of last but one stage on horizon coinciding with step of boundary outline of stripping and outline of mining operations of last but one stage of development of stripping field, from setting of crest of bench in limit position there is assigned pillar oriented transverse to extent of stripping field, connecting opposite flanks of stripping with width of upper base equal to width of platform of connection of crossover to horizon, dividing stripping into part assigned for location of internal dump and part assigned for main extraction of overburden rock and mineral product. From outlines of upper base of pillar there are run opening and development workings in opposite directions along the strike of stripping field to horizon adjacent to horizon of upper base of pillar. Resources of mineral product outside of outline are developed in part assigned for arrangement of dump to depth allowing placement of crossover of maximum length along the strike conjugate to flank of location of stationary route without change of route direction. On termination of their development crossover from overburden rocks is laid in direction opposite to course of further development of mining operations in part of stripping filed of main extraction of overburden rocks and mineral product contacting with side surface slope of canceled shelf of flank opposite to flank of location of crossover on pillar. Mineral product available in pillar under crossover is developed. Thereafter operation for disposal of rock in prepared space of stripping is started. EFFECT: improved intake capacity of dump, potential for additional extraction of mineral product from stock outside of outline. 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the development of steeply falling elongated deposits with quarries, the bottom of which has a stepped shape.

A known method for the development of steeply falling elongated deposits, including external and internal dumping, allocation in the center or on the flank of the quarry field site, mining it to a final depth with the removal of overburden in an external dump. The development of the remaining part of the quarry field is conducted along its entire depth with the movement of overburden rocks into the internal dump [1].

The disadvantage of this method is its applicability for mining career fields of large sizes both along strike and across strike; the quarry field should have a constant maximum depth.

There is also known a method of developing steeply dipping deposits, including mining the quarry field in blocks, forming at an angle to the horizon less than the angle of repose of the overburden, the bottom of the quarry and placing an internal dump of these rocks on it. Blocks work out across the strike of the reservoir [2].

The disadvantage of this method is the limited scope, since the method can be applied in the development of career fields of large sizes, allowing the development of at least two independent quarries. The method is difficult to apply.

Close to the declared technical essence and the achieved result is a method of developing steeply dipping deposits [3], which includes mining the quarry field in stages, erecting a pioneer embankment at the limit of the stage connecting the ledges of the opposite sides of the quarry and dividing the worked out space into the dumping zone and the overburden and mining zone . After the construction of the pioneer embankment, the rock is placed in an internal dump in a closed loop, from the periphery to the center.

The disadvantage of this method is that the formed space under the internal dump includes transport berm around the perimeter of the ledges. This significantly reduces the volume of the inner blade.

Closer to the declared technical essence and the achieved result are methods for the development of steeply declining deposits [4, 5], including the development of the quarry field in stages, the separation on the horizon corresponding to the step of the boundary contour of the quarry, a demarcation area dividing the quarry into part for placement of the internal dump and part for overburden and mining operations, forming from the contour of the internal dump in the direction of the strike of the working area of the quarry temporary pillars for dead-end transport berms, through which the rock is delivered to the lower tiers of the internal dump, and for the delivery of the rock to the middle and upper tiers on the quenched board, the board of the stationary route, arrange a horizontal elongated platform [5].

The disadvantage of these methods is that they do not allow you to extract additional minerals from marginal reserves, to increase the receiving capacity of the blade.

In the proposed method, which includes mining the quarry field in stages, preparing the rock mass for excavation using a blasting method, transporting minerals and rocks with dump trucks, placing overburden rocks in the outer and inner dumps, after mining is completed within the penultimate stage, at a horizon that coincides with the boundary level the contour of the quarry and the contour of mining of the penultimate stage of mining the quarry field, from the upper edge of setting the ledge to the limiting position, highlight the whole, orientated crosswise stretching the quarry field connecting the opposite sides of the quarry with a width of the upper base equal to the width of the junction of the ramp to the horizon, dividing the quarry into a part for placing the internal dump and part of the main extraction of overburden and mineral from the contours of the upper base of the pillar, in opposite directions, along the strike of the quarry field, open and preparatory workings are carried out to a horizon adjacent to the horizon of the upper pillar base, in part of the quarry for the dump facilities work out the near-surface mineral reserves to a depth that makes it possible to arrange a maximum length ramp along the strike, conjugate to the fixed route placement board, without changing the direction of the route, and after mining, the ramp is dumped from the overburden in the direction opposite to the direction of mining operations in the part of the quarry field of the main extraction of overburden and mineral, in contact with the lateral surface with the slope of the quenched ledge of the side opposite to exit mouth for placing whole fulfill minerals, located entirely below in Congress, then proceed to placement in a prepared quarry rock space.

Figure 1 shows a plan for the development of a career field; figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the developed career field; figure 3 shows a fragment of the quarry: the position of the opening and preparatory workings in the part prepared for the dump, and part of the main extraction of rock mass at the beginning of the last stage of mining the quarry field; figure 4 is a fragment of the quarry, prepared for the blade part: dumped from overburden rocks and the exit ramp to be worked out; in FIG. 5 is a fragment of a quarry plan with an internal dump dumped with rocks delivered on the upper base of the pillar, transport berms and a ramp erected from overburden from the upper transport berm, conjugated to the side of the quarry; in Fig.6 is a fragment of the plan of the quarry with an internal dump, sprinkled with rocks delivered along a horizontal elongated platform and a ramp erected from this site; where 1 is the rear sight; 2 - contour of the upper base of the pillar; 3 - contour of the internal dump; 4 - part of the quarry for placement of the internal dump; 5 - temporary congress; 6 - preparatory development; 7 - temporary pillars under the transport berm; 8 - congress, formed during the development of marginal reserves; 9 - a congress erected from overburden for mining minerals under congress 8; 10 - horizontal elongated platform; 11 - stationary exit; 12 - marginal mineral reserves to be mined; 13 - internal dump; 14 - exit erected from the upper transport berm; 15 - the same, dumped from a horizontal elongated platform; 16 - contour of a mineral deposit; 17 - boundary contour of the quarry.

The method is as follows. The career field is practiced in stages. The boundaries of the stages are set according to relatively stable mining and geological and mining conditions, within which the energy index of the extraction of rock taking into account technical and technological means will be constant. The boundaries of the penultimate and final stages are established taking into account the conditions for the maximum placement of overburden in the quarry mined out space during the development of the deposit, as well as the placement of a car exit to the final depth of the quarry. On the horizon, which coincides with the step of the boundary contour of the quarry and the contour of mining operations of the penultimate stage of mining the quarry field, from the upper edge of setting the ledge to the limiting position, select (Fig. 1, 2) pillar 1 oriented crosswise to extend the quarry field connecting the opposite sides of the quarry, with a width of the upper base equal to the width of the platform adjoining the exit to the horizon, dividing the quarry into a part for placing the internal dump 13 and part of the main extraction of overburden and minerals. From circuit 2 of the upper base of the rear sight 1, a circuit 3 is installed, which delimits along the sides the selected part of the quarry space 4 under the dump and the rest. The mining of the quarry field to the last stage is carried out with the placement of overburden in an external dump. Moreover, in the quarry part 4 at a depth of H

where H ₀ - the depth of the quarry to the horizon of the upper base of the pillar 1, m; F is the width of the bottom of the quarry on the horizon of the upper base of the pillar 1, m; b _t - width of the transport berm, exit, m; d is the width of the safety berm on the quenched quarry side, m; β - angle of slope of the side of the quarry with transport berm, degrees; γ - angle of slope of the pit side with offset steps on the boundary contour, deg .; f is the number of tiers of the internal dump with a height h equal to the height of the redeemed ledge on the boundary contour of the quarry, sprinkled with rocks delivered along the ramp, erected in the dump part of the quarry from the upper transport berm, conjugate redeemed board, continuing the route passing through the upper transport berm, on the redeemable board, board the placement of a stationary route, arrange a horizontal elongated platform with a width sufficient for a dead end turn of the truck, tie it to the track, for example, connecting the flag Ng exits from the quarry. With a decrease in mining operations on the opposite side, from circuit 3, towards the working area of the quarry, temporary pillars 7 are formed under the transport berm 7 with a height equal to the height of the offset ledge on the boundary contour of the quarry. The possible number of pillars 7, under the condition of safe operation of technological equipment and transport access to the working area of the quarry, is set according to

Upon completion of mining the penultimate stage of the quarry field, from the contours 2 of the upper base of the pillar 1, in opposite directions, along the strike of the quarry field (Fig. 3) open 5 and preparatory 6 workings are carried out. In part 4 of the placement of the dump, the marginal reserves of 12 minerals are mined to a depth that allows, along the strike, conjugate to the placement of the stationary track, without changing the direction of the track, to arrange (Fig. 4) an exit 8 of maximum length. After mining from the pillar 1, exit 9 from the overburden is poured in the direction opposite to the direction of mining in the part of the quarry field of the main extraction of overburden and mineral, in contact with the side surface of the slope of the quenched ledge opposite to the side of the exit 8 at the rear. Upon completion of the dumping of the congress 9, the minerals located in the whole under the congress 8 are worked out, after which they begin to place the rock in the prepared mined quarry space.

The lower part of the blade 13, below the upper base of the rear pillar 1, is filled from the upper base of the rear pillar 1 in the direction opposite to the direction of development of mining operations in the part of the quarry field for extracting overburden and minerals. Upon filling the lower part of the blade 13 in the middle part of the rock is delivered (Fig. 5.) first by transport berms 7, and then by the upper transport berma 7 and exit 14, erected from overburden rocks conjugate to the quarry. The rock is delivered to the upper part of the dump 13 (Fig. 6) along a horizontal elongated platform 10 and exit 15. The exit 15 is erected from overburden at site 10 and further, as the upper part of the dump 13 is dumped, in a spiral conjugate to the quenched side of the quarry until it leaves to the end slope of the blade 13 from the side of the working area of the quarry. Next, exit 15 is developed along the contour of the blade, not mated with the contour of the quarry.

The dump is poured in tiers from the bottom up. The dumping of parts of the blade 13, limited by the horizons of the lower base of the blade 13 and the upper transport berm 7, the end of the exit 14 and the horizontal elongated platform 10 is carried out in tiers with a height equal to the height of the offset bench on the boundary contour of the quarry. Parts of dump 13, limited by the horizons of the beginning and end of ramps 14 and 15, are covered with tiers of height set based on the minimum energy consumption of the rock in the dump body 13.

Sources of information

1. P.I. Tomakov, B.C. Kovalenko. The main directions of improving the efficiency of land use in the open development of mineral deposits / Problems of integrated development of solid mineral deposits // Mosk. horn institute. Ed. L.A. Puchkova. M .: Nedra, 1989, p. 94.

2. Copyright certificate 1812321 of the USSR, cl. E 21 C 41/26. The method of open development steeply dipping and inclined deposits.

3. Patent 2013550 RF, MKI E 21 C 41/26. The method of open development steeply declining deposits.

4. Patent 2167297 of the Russian Federation, IPC6 E 21 C 41/26. The method of open development of steeply falling elongated deposits.

5. Patent 2171377 of the Russian Federation, IPC6 E 21 C 41/26. The method of open development of steeply falling elongated deposits.

Claims (1)

A method for open-cast mining of steeply dipping elongated deposits, including mining a quarry field in stages, preparing the rock mass for excavation using a blasting method, transporting rock and minerals with dump trucks, placing overburden rocks in the external and internal dumps, characterized in that upon completion of mining operations within the penultimate stage, horizon coinciding with the step of the boundary contour of the quarry and the contour of mining operations of the penultimate stage of mining the quarry field, from the upper edge along step ledges in the limiting position distinguish the pillar, oriented crosswise to the strike of the quarry field, connecting the opposite sides of the quarry, with the width of the upper base equal to the width of the adjoining section of the ramp to the horizon, dividing the quarry into a part for placing the internal dump and part of the main extraction of overburden and minerals, from the contours of the upper base of the pillar in opposite directions along the strike of the quarry field open and preparatory workings are carried out to the horizon, are adjacent with the horizon of the upper base of the pillar, in the part of the quarry, the marginal mineral reserves are mined to a depth that allows you to arrange a maximum length ramp along the stretch of the fixed route along the side of the route without changing the direction of the ramp and, after mining from the pillar, fill the ramp overburden in the direction in the opposite direction of the development of mining in the part of the quarry field of the main extraction of overburden and minerals, the adjacent side surface Stu with slope extinguished ledge opposite side board placement Congress on whole fulfill minerals, located entirely below in Congress, then proceed to placement in a prepared quarry rock space.

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