RU2167297C2 - Method of opencast mining of steeply dipping stretched deposits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry. SUBSTANCE: method may be used in mining of steeply dipping stretched deposits by opencasts whose terminal bottom is stage-shaped. The method includes working of opencast field by stages with overburden disposal to external and internal dumps. Depth of the first stage is set on horizon corresponding to stage of boundary contour of opencast meeting requirements for location of truck access ramp to final depth of opencast and minimal power capacity for mining of reserves of mineral in boundary contour. On stage from crest of bench to final position, separating platform is delimited, and it divides opencasts into part for location of internal dump and part for performance of stripping and stoping operations. Contour of internal dump is determined on opencast flank in boundary position. From internal dump contour, as mining of the first stage is realized, temporary pillars for blind haulage berms are formed in opencast part adjacent to location of internal dump, on filled flank opposite to flank of route location in direction of stretching of working zone. Upon completion of working of the first stage of opencast field, rock from lower benches of opencast to lower tiers of internal dump is delivered over haulage berms whose end part serves as a pioneer front of dump formation. For delivery of rock to middle tiers of internal dump from upper haulage berm, spiral access ramp is constructed from overburden rocks on safe distance from crest of field tier adjacent to filled flank in direction opposite to stretching of opencast working zone. EFFECT: increased capacity of sump. 5 dwg

Description

 The present invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the development of steeply falling elongated deposits with quarries that have a limiting bottom step form.

 There is a method of developing steeply falling elongated deposits, including external and internal dumping, maintaining longline dumping of the internal dump, isolating the site in the center or on the flank of the quarry field and mining it to a final depth with removal of overburden into the external dump. Further development of the quarry field is carried out throughout the entire depth of the quarry with the movement of overburden rocks in the internal dump [1].

 The disadvantage of this method is its applicability for working out large sizes both along the strike and across the strike of quarry fields having a constant maximum depth.

 The closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved result is a method of open development of steeply declining deposits [2], which includes mining the quarry field in stages, transporting and storing the rock in the external and internal dumps, erecting a pioneer embankment on the horizon, fixing the end of deep work in the contours of the stage, dividing the developed space into a zone with repaid and an area with outstanding mining, after which the dumping of the internal dump is carried out in a closed con round, from the periphery to the center, cyclically increasing the heap formation zone in height.

 The disadvantage of this method is the need for the entire perimeter of the ledges, in the area of the formation of the blade, the device of the transport berms from which the tiers are dumped, which significantly reduces the capacity of the blade.

 In the proposed method, in contrast to the known one, including mining the quarry field in stages, preparing the rock mass for excavation using a blasting method, transporting minerals and rocks with dump trucks, placing overburden rocks in the outer and inner dumps, on a horizon corresponding to the step of the boundary contour of the quarry that satisfies the condition placement of the car exit to the final depth of the quarry and the minimum energy consumption of mining mineral resources in the boundary circuit, within from the upper edge of the step to the final position, a demarcation area is distinguished that divides the quarry into a part for placement of the internal dump and part for conducting overburden and mining operations, and as the first stage, in the part of the quarry, of the adjacent part of the quarry of the placement of the internal dump, is worked out, on the redeemable board, opposite to the route placement board, from the contour of the internal dump in the direction of the strike of the working area of the quarry, temporary pillars are formed for dead-end transport berms with a height equal to the height of the stupa, redeemed on the boundary contour of the quarry, upon completion of mining of the first stage of the quarry field, the rock is delivered from the lower ledges of the quarry to the lower tiers of the internal dump via transport berms, the end part of which serves as a pioneer dumping front, for rock delivery to the middle tiers from the horizon of the upper transport berm to in the direction opposite to the strike of the working area of the quarry, at a safe distance from the upper edge of the sprinkled tier, conjugated to the side of the overburden, erect spirits alny congress.

 In FIG. 1 shows a plan for developing a career field; in FIG. 2 - a longitudinal section of the developed career field; in FIG. 3 - a fragment of the quarry plan: the dump is dumped along the horizon of the upper transport berm; in FIG. 4 is a fragment of a quarry plan: rock delivery to the internal dump via a spiral ramp; in FIG. 5 depicts graphical constructions for determining the number of longitudinal pillars for transport berm. Where 1 is the demarcation site; 2 - contours of the demarcation site; 3 - contour of the internal dump; 4 - pillars for transport berm; 5 - internal dump; 6 - stationary exit; 7 - spiral exit; 8 - temporary congress; 9 - the current bottom of the quarry; 10 - contour of a mineral deposit; 11 - boundary contour of the quarry.

 The method is as follows. The career field is practiced in two stages. In depth, the boundary of the first stage is set on the horizon corresponding to the step of the boundary contour of the quarry, satisfying the condition of placing the car exit to the final depth of the quarry and the minimum energy consumption of mining of mineral resources in the boundary contour. Within the step, from the upper edge of setting the ledge to the limiting position, a demarcation site 1 is distinguished, dividing the quarry into a part for placing an internal dump and a part for overburden and mining operations. From the contour 2 of the site 1, from the side of the quarry space allocated for the dump, along the angle of slope of the blade and the width of the safety berm between the tiers of the blade on the sides of the quarry, in the extreme position, establish the contour of the internal blade 3.

 Testing of the first stage is carried out with the placement of overburden in an external dump. But as it is being worked out on the redeemable board, opposite the route placement board, from the dump 3 contour in the direction of the strike open pit formation, temporary pillars 4 are formed under the transport berm with a height equal to the height of the ledge extinguished on the open pit boundary contour. Upon completion of the mining of the first stage of the quarry field, the rock from the lower ledges of the quarry to the lower tiers of the dump 5 is delivered via transport berms 4. To deliver the rock to the middle tiers of the dump 5 from the horizon of the upper transport berm 4 in the direction opposite to the strike of the open pit mated to the bot, a spiral ramp is erected from overburden rocks 7. A spiral ramp 7 is developed, as the dump is dumped, until its route exits safely to circuit 3.

где F - ширина дна карьера на границе разделения карьера на отвальную часть и часть ведения вскрышных и добычных работ, при условии, что уступы высотой h погашены на предельном контуре, м; b_t - ширина транспортной бермы, м; δ - ширина бермы безопасности на погашенном борту карьера, м; β - угол откоса борта карьера с транспортными бермами, град; γ - угол откоса борта карьера с погашенными уступами на граничном контуре карьера, град.A possible number of temporary pillars 4, according to the condition of productive work of technological equipment and transport access to the working area of the quarry, is established according to

where F is the width of the quarry bottom at the border of the division of the quarry into the dump part and part of the overburden and mining operations, provided that the ledges of height h are extinguished on the limiting contour, m; b _t is the width of the transport berm, m; δ is the width of the safety berm on the quenched quarry board, m; β - angle of slope of the side of the quarry with transport berm, degrees; γ - angle of slope of the pit side with offset steps on the boundary contour of the pit, deg.

List of Information Sources
1. P.I. Tomakov, V.S. Kovalenko. The main directions of improving the efficiency of land use in the open development of mineral deposits / Problems of integrated development of solid mineral deposits // Mosk. horn institute. Ed. L.A. Puchkova. - M .: Subsoil. - 1989. - p. 94.

 2. Patent N 2013550 RF, MKI E 21 C 41/26. The method of open development steeply declining deposits.

Claims (1)

 A method for open-cast mining of steeply dipping elongated deposits, including mining a quarry field in stages, preparing the rock mass for excavation using a blasting method, transporting rock and minerals with dump trucks, placing overburden rocks in the outer and inner dumps, characterized in that at a horizon corresponding to the step of the boundary contour of the quarry, satisfying the condition of placing a car exit to the final depth of the quarry and the minimum energy consumption of mining reserves In the boundary contour, within the step from the upper edge of the step to the final position, a demarcation area is distinguished, dividing the quarry into a part for placement of the internal dump and part for conducting overburden and mining operations, and as the first stage is worked out in the part of the quarry, adjacent part of the quarry the placement of the internal dump, on the redeemable board, opposite the board of the route, from the contour of the internal dump in the direction of the strike of the working area of the quarry, temporary pillars form tailor berms with a height equal to the height of the ledge extinguished on the boundary contour of the quarry, upon completion of mining of the first stage of the quarry field, the rock is delivered from the lower ledges of the quarry to the lower tiers of the internal dump via transport berms, the end part of which serves as a pioneer dumping front, for delivering the rock to the middle tiers from the horizon of the upper transport berm in the direction opposite to the strike of the working area of the quarry, a conjugate board is erected from the overburden to create a spiral exit.

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