CN114687744A - Soft structure surface mine multi-layer mining method and system - Google Patents
Soft structure surface mine multi-layer mining method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114687744A CN114687744A CN202210379139.6A CN202210379139A CN114687744A CN 114687744 A CN114687744 A CN 114687744A CN 202210379139 A CN202210379139 A CN 202210379139A CN 114687744 A CN114687744 A CN 114687744A
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- E21C41/26—Methods of surface mining; Layouts therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses a soft structure surface mine multi-layer mining method and system, and relates to the technical field of mining design. The method comprises the following specific steps: determining the mining boundary of the surface mine; on the basis of the mining boundary, sequentially dividing each layered ore layer of the open-pit mine according to the maximum mining height, the layering height, the layered slope angle, the width of the operation platform and the layering number; and mining the layered ore layers in sequence from top to bottom. The invention provides a set of layered mining method with strong operability, which is implemented according to the technical parameters and the mining sequence determined by the invention, can improve the economic benefit and the working efficiency of the surface mining work, and ensure the safety of the site construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining design, in particular to a soft structure surface mine multi-layer mining method and system.
Background
Open-cast mining is a process of removing a covering on an ore body to obtain required minerals, generally comprises the operation processes of perforation, blasting, mining and loading, transportation, dumping and the like, and has the advantages of full resource utilization, high recovery rate, low dilution rate and suitability for large-scale mechanical construction. The top-down step mining is a safe, reliable and mature mining method for surface mines, and the implementation premise is to develop the highest mining step of a transportation road which can be built to a stope. The small-sized open pit quarry can not build a transportation road which is directly communicated with the highest mining step of the quarry due to the reasons of smaller mining right range, larger terrain height difference and the like.
The problems of the small and medium-sized open-air quarries in the prior art are as follows: firstly, mining in a non-layered 'one-wall' mode; secondly, although layering exists, the layering height is unreasonable, the operation platform is narrow, and the working slope angle is larger than the final slope angle; thirdly, a high-order section small-layer mining mode is adopted, the layer mining sequence is unreasonable, one mining period is finished, and a new 'one wall' is formed. The three conditions all have serious potential safety hazards of landslide. Therefore, it is an urgent need for those skilled in the art to solve the problem of potential safety hazard in the "one-wall" mining.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a soft structure surface mine multi-layer mining method and system, so as to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a multi-layer mining method for a surface mine with a soft structure comprises the following specific steps:
determining the mining boundary of the surface mine;
on the basis of the mining boundary, sequentially dividing each layered ore layer of the open-pit mine according to the maximum mining height, the layering height, the layered slope angle, the width of the operation platform and the layering number;
and mining the layered ore layers in sequence from top to bottom.
Optionally, the method for determining the mining boundary includes:
step one, determining an economical and reasonable stripping ratio;
step two, determining the final slope constituent elements of the open stope, namely: step height, step slope angle, safe platform width, cleaning platform width, final side slope angle and minimum bottom width;
step three, along the mining right range line, the upper opening of the final boundary of the open stope is defined, and the mining right range line forms a top slope line of a first step;
fourthly, according to the constituent elements of the side slope of the open stope determined in the second step, a mining boundary is defined from top to bottom, and in the process of defining the mining boundary, the positions of all layered step lines are adjusted by combining the occurrence states of ore bodies, the average stripping ratio is reduced, and the mining boundary is optimized;
and step five, calculating the amount of layered ore rocks and the average stripping ratio in the mining boundary of the open stope.
Optionally, when the upper layered ore layer of any two adjacent layered ore layers is stoped, the bottom reserved ore layer with the preset thickness is reserved and is not stoped, and the bottom reserved ore layer is used as the ore layer roof of the lower layered ore layer.
Optionally, the method further comprises the steps of setting blast holes and setting a detonation mode, wherein the step of setting the blast holes comprises the following steps: arranging a working surface: the method comprises the following steps of (1) layering a mining area into a plurality of layers of working surfaces along a covering layer slope surface, wherein the heights of the working surfaces in the vertical direction of each layer are the same, and the height of each layer of working surface in the vertical direction is the maximum height of the excavating capacity of the excavator; arranging a detonation network: arranging a detonation network on a working face, wherein the detonation network is a differential blasting detonation network and comprises a plurality of blast holes which are arranged at intervals; drilling: and drilling holes at the arrangement positions of the blast holes.
Optionally, the step of setting the detonation mode includes: filling explosives and non-electric millisecond detonators in the drill holes according to the differential blasting initiation network; and detonating according to the arranged differential blasting initiation network.
Optionally, before mining any of the layered ore layers, a tunnel is excavated in the layered ore layer, where the tunnel includes a cut hole, a return air gateway, a withdrawal passage, and a transportation gateway.
Optionally, the method further comprises the steps of using excavating equipment, leveling the working platform, cleaning pumice on the slope surface of the mining unit, and then transporting the crushed stones on the loading platform to the crushing station.
On the other hand, the multi-layer mining system for the open-pit mine with the soft structure comprises a mining boundary determining module, a layering module and a mining module; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the mining boundary determining module is used for determining the mining boundary of the surface mine;
the layering module is used for sequentially dividing each layered ore layer of the open-pit mine according to the maximum mining height, the layering height, the layered slope angle, the width of the operation platform and the layering number on the basis of the mining boundary;
and the mining module is used for mining the layered ore layers in sequence from top to bottom.
Compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a multi-layer mining method and system for the open-pit mine with the soft structure, and the method and the system have the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) the invention provides a set of layered mining method with strong operability, which is implemented according to the technical parameters and the mining sequence determined by the invention, so that the working slope of a stope can be always in a layered state, the occurrence of accidents such as 'overhead head and one wall' stope side slope is avoided, and collapse, landslide and the like are prevented.
(2) The mining process is improved by using scientific technology, the economic benefit and the working efficiency of open-pit mining work are improved, and the safety of field construction is ensured;
(3) the bottom reserved coal seam with preset thickness reserved in the upper layered ore bed is directly used as the ore bed roof of the working face in the lower layered ore bed, and the mesh laying in the prior art is not needed, so that the process is simplified, the mining cost is reduced, and the mining efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a system configuration diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a soft structure surface mine multi-layer mining method, which comprises the following specific steps as shown in figure 1:
s1, determining the mining boundary of the surface mine;
s2, on the basis of the mining boundary, sequentially dividing the strip mine into layered ore layers according to the maximum mining height, the layering height, the layered slope angle, the width of the operation platform and the layering number;
and S3, mining the layered ore layers in sequence from top to bottom.
Further, to improve the economic efficiency, the working efficiency and the quality of the open-pit mining, the boundaries of the mine and the stripping ratio must be calculated and known. In the actual mining process, the minimum bottom width and the maximum bottom width are selected, and a proper side slope angle is selected for mining the mine, so that the economic benefit of mineral mining can be improved to the maximum extent. There are several main principles that determine the surface mining boundary:
(1) the boundary stripping ratio is not larger than the economic reasonable stripping ratio. The principle is nj≤njH. The essence is that the open-pit mining cost of mining the boundary layer ore within the boundary does not exceed the underground mining cost, thereby minimizing the total cost of the entire deposit open-pit and underground combined mining or maximizing the total profit. The principle is simple and convenient to apply, and is widely applied to the design of open-pit natural mines. The greatest disadvantage is that the established open-pit mining boundaries do not directly control the investment and production costs (production stripping ratio) of the open-pit mine.
(2) The average stripping ratio is not more than the economic and reasonable stripping ratio
The average stripping ratio must not be greater than the economic reasonable stripping ratio, i.e. np≤njH. The essence of this principle is to make the total surface mining cost of all reserves within the surface mining context less than or equal to the total underground mining cost of that portion of reserves. The boundary of open-pit mining defined according to the principle is compared with nj≤njHIn principle, large capital stripping, large investment and long capital construction time may result. In the process of surface mining, the production stripping ratio can exceed an allowable value within a certain time, so that an enterprise is in a loss state for a long time. For some valuable nonferrous and rare metal deposits, the principle can be used for defining open-pit mining boundaries so as to enlarge the open-pit mining and reduce the loss and dilution of ores, thereby enlarging the open-pit mining reserves. This principle can also be used to determine the open-pit mining boundaries of near-horizontal ore bodies or chicken-nest-like ore bodies.
(3) The production stripping ratio is not more than the economic reasonable stripping ratio
The production stripping ratio must not be greater than the economic reasonable stripping ratio, i.e. ns≤njH. The essence of the principle is that when the strip mine is produced according to the normal operation slope angle in any production period, the production stripping ratio does not exceed the economic and reasonable stripping ratio, and the change rule of the strip mine mining production stripping ratio is reflected.
With the above principle combined, in this embodiment, the method for determining the mining boundary is as follows:
s11, determining an economical and reasonable stripping ratio;
s12, determining the final slope constituent elements of the open stope, namely: step height, step slope angle, safe platform width, cleaning platform width, final side slope angle and minimum bottom width;
s13, delineating the upper opening of the final boundary of the open pit along the mining right range line, wherein the mining right range line forms a top slope line of a first step;
s14, according to the constituent elements of the surface stope slope determined in the step II, defining a mining boundary from top to bottom, and in the process of defining the mining boundary, adjusting the positions of all layered step lines by combining the occurrence states of ore bodies, reducing the average stripping ratio and optimizing the mining boundary;
and S15, calculating the layered rock mass and the average stripping ratio in the mining boundary of the surface stope.
The layered slope surface angle is an included angle between the mining unit side slope and the operation platform, the layered slope surface angle is determined by mainly considering the stability of the side slope and the charging factors of blasting operation, the angle is too large and is not favorable for the stability of the side slope, and the angle is too small and is not favorable for the charging of the blasting operation, so the layered slope surface angle is 75 degrees in the embodiment.
Furthermore, the method also comprises the steps of arranging blast holes and arranging a detonation mode.
The blast hole is opened by the following steps: arranging a working surface: the mining area is layered into a plurality of layers of working surfaces along the covering layer slope, the height of each layer of working surface in the vertical direction is the same, and the height of each layer of working surface in the vertical direction is the maximum height of the excavating capacity of the excavator; arranging a detonation network: arranging a detonation network on a working surface, wherein the detonation network is a differential blasting detonation network and comprises a plurality of blast holes which are arranged at intervals; drilling: and drilling holes at the arrangement positions of the blast holes.
The steps for setting the detonation mode are as follows: filling explosives and non-electric millisecond detonators in the drill holes according to the differential blasting initiation network; and (4) detonating according to the arranged differential blasting detonating network.
Before mining any layered ore layer, a roadway is excavated from the layered ore layer, wherein the roadway comprises an open cut, an air return crossheading, a withdrawal channel and a transportation crossheading.
When the upper layered ore layer in any two adjacent layered ore layers is stoped, the bottom reserved with the preset thickness is reserved and is not stoped, and the bottom reserved ore layer is used as the ore layer top plate of the lower layered ore layer.
In addition, the method also comprises the steps of using excavating equipment, leveling the operation platform, cleaning pumice on the slope surface of the mining unit, and then conveying broken stones on the loading and transporting platform to the crushing station.
The embodiment 2 of the invention discloses a soft structure surface mine multi-layer mining system, which comprises a mining boundary determining module, a layering module and a mining module, as shown in figure 2; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the mining boundary determining module is used for determining the mining boundary of the surface mine;
the layering module is used for sequentially dividing each layered ore layer of the open-pit mine according to the maximum mining height, the layering height, the layered slope angle, the width of the operation platform and the layering number on the basis of the mining boundary;
and the mining module is used for sequentially mining the layered ore layers from top to bottom.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed in the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the description of the method part.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A multi-layer mining method for a surface mine with a soft structure is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
determining the mining boundary of the surface mine;
on the basis of the mining boundary, sequentially dividing each layered ore layer of the open-pit mine according to the maximum mining height, the layering height, the layered slope angle, the width of the operation platform and the layering number;
and mining the layered ore layers in sequence from top to bottom.
2. The multi-slice mining method for a surface mine with a soft structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mining boundary is determined by:
step one, determining an economical and reasonable stripping ratio;
step two, determining the final slope constituent elements of the open stope, namely: step height, step slope angle, safe platform width, cleaning platform width, final side slope angle and minimum bottom width;
step three, along the mining right range line, the upper opening of the final boundary of the open stope is defined, and the mining right range line forms a top slope line of a first step;
fourthly, according to the constituent elements of the side slope of the open stope determined in the second step, a mining boundary is defined from top to bottom, and in the process of defining the mining boundary, the positions of all layered step lines are adjusted by combining the occurrence states of ore bodies, the average stripping ratio is reduced, and the mining boundary is optimized;
and step five, calculating the amount of layered ore rocks and the average stripping ratio in the mining boundary of the open stope.
3. The multi-layer mining method for the open-pit mine with the soft structure according to claim 1, wherein when the upper layered ore layer of any two adjacent layered ore layers is mined, a bottom retained ore layer with a preset thickness is reserved and is not mined, and the bottom retained ore layer is used as a seam roof of the lower layered ore layer.
4. The multi-layer mining method for the open-pit mine with the soft structure according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of forming blast holes and setting an initiation mode, wherein the step of forming the blast holes comprises the following steps: arranging a working surface: the method comprises the following steps of (1) layering a mining area into a plurality of layers of working surfaces along a covering layer slope surface, wherein the heights of the working surfaces in the vertical direction of each layer are the same, and the height of each layer of working surface in the vertical direction is the maximum height of the excavating capacity of the excavator; arranging a detonation network: arranging a detonating network on a working face, wherein the detonating network is a differential blasting detonating network and comprises a plurality of blast holes which are arranged at intervals; drilling: and drilling holes at the arrangement positions of the blast holes.
5. The multi-slice mining method for the open-pit mine with the soft structure according to claim 4, wherein the step of setting the initiation mode comprises the following steps: filling explosives and non-electric millisecond detonators in the drill holes according to the differential blasting initiation network; and detonating according to the arranged differential blasting initiation network.
6. The multi-slice mining method of a soft structure surface mine as claimed in claim 1, wherein a roadway is excavated in the stratified seam prior to mining of any of the stratified seams, the roadway including a cut hole, a return air gateway, a withdrawal passage and a haulage gateway.
7. The method of multi-slice mining of a surface mine with a soft structure of claim 1, further comprising using an excavation apparatus to level the work platform, clean the pumice from the slope of the mining unit, and then transport the crushed stone from the loading platform to a crushing station.
8. A multi-layer mining system for a surface mine with a soft structure is characterized by comprising a mining boundary determining module, a layering module and a mining module; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the mining boundary determining module is used for determining the mining boundary of the surface mine;
the layering module is used for sequentially dividing each layered ore layer of the open-pit mine according to the maximum mining height, the layering height, the layered slope angle, the width of the operation platform and the layering number on the basis of the mining boundary;
and the mining module is used for mining the layered ore layers in sequence from top to bottom.
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| RU2167297C2 (en) * | 1999-07-22 | 2001-05-20 | Институт химии и химической технологии СО РАН | Method of opencast mining of steeply dipping stretched deposits |
| UA82891C2 (en) * | 2006-02-22 | 2008-05-26 | Коган Илья Леонидович | Method for open-pit development of mineral beds |
| CN104806248A (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2015-07-29 | 安徽马钢工程技术集团有限公司 | Slice mining method for small-scale opencast quarry |
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| CN109339792A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-02-15 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | A method of delineation surface mine stepwise mining limit |
| CN112177614A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-05 | 马钢集团设计研究院有限责任公司 | High-step multi-layer mining method for surface mine |
-
2022
- 2022-04-12 CN CN202210379139.6A patent/CN114687744A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2167297C2 (en) * | 1999-07-22 | 2001-05-20 | Институт химии и химической технологии СО РАН | Method of opencast mining of steeply dipping stretched deposits |
| UA82891C2 (en) * | 2006-02-22 | 2008-05-26 | Коган Илья Леонидович | Method for open-pit development of mineral beds |
| CN104806248A (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2015-07-29 | 安徽马钢工程技术集团有限公司 | Slice mining method for small-scale opencast quarry |
| CN105275471A (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-01-27 | 安徽马钢工程技术集团有限公司 | Method for determining surface mine exploiting limit |
| CN109339792A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-02-15 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | A method of delineation surface mine stepwise mining limit |
| CN112177614A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-05 | 马钢集团设计研究院有限责任公司 | High-step multi-layer mining method for surface mine |
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