RU2678752C1 - Method of development of deposit and opencast - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method for developing a deposit, in particular a rock mass or an ore body. Method includes the following steps: in the first step of development, the field is perforated using a mining device located on the surface of the field outlet to extract the raw material of the field. Perforation structure remains in the field, which occurs during the perforation between the extracted volumes of the field. In the next, second stage of development, the remaining perforation structure of the field is at least partially extracted and, the field material is further excavated, the extraction of the remaining perforation structure of the field is carried out from above.EFFECT: technical result is an increase in the efficiency of field development.15 cl, 7 dwg

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to a method for developing a deposit, in particular a rock mass or ore body, wherein the extraction of raw material from the deposit is carried out using a mining device.

The present invention further relates to open pit mining of a field developed in this way.

State of the art

The development of a deposit, for example, the extraction of diamond-bearing ores and diamond-bearing rocks from the vents of extinct volcanoes, can be carried out by open-cast mining and / or underground mining. In general, a deposit can be understood as deposits of useful minerals or rocks. The extraction of ores from ore deposits, for example, the development of diamond-containing kimberlite deposits (primary deposits) is of particular interest to the raw materials and further processing industries. The development of gold and other mineral deposits is also of considerable interest.

In FIG. 1 shows a tubular upright deposit 1 containing a raw material 5. The raw material 5 may be ore, for example kimberlite. Deposit 1 can be detected by its exit 3 to the surface. The field 1, containing the extracted raw material 5, is surrounded by empty or host rock 6.

Such deposits can arise as a result of geological activity or the formation of grabens, while the raw material in a vertical field is enriched due to the rise of the material - or is transferred from a horizontal bed to a vertical position due to discharge.

Field 1 is usually developed open pit in quarry 2, as shown in FIG. 2, to a certain depth D1 of the mine. Quarry 2 can be descended by spiral ledges so that it is possible to extract raw material 5 and surrounding waste rock 6 from the field 1, as well as transport by means of vehicles, for example, dump trucks with a trough-like body. Quarry 2 may also be described as a funnel or a cone-shaped downwardly facing mine.

An economically viable development of field 1 by open pit mining in quarry 2 is possible only up to a certain defined depth D1 of development, at what depth may the output of 3 fields to the surface be. Under this exit 3 of the deposit to the surface is further raw material 5 of the deposit 1. Deposit 1 may or may narrow downwards, as shown in FIG. 1 and 2, or go downward, essentially with a constant width, or alternatively expand downward. In addition, there may be a different, irregular course of field 1. A method of developing this kind is disclosed in patent document RU 2261331 C2.

Further extraction of raw material 5 from field 1 with a deepening of opencast mining, as shown in FIG. 2, can only be done by underground mining at a maximum depth D1 of the mine, since further narrowing of the quarry 2 under the indicated mining depth is impossible or uneconomical. However, the underground excavation of raw material 5 is often uneconomical due to the high cost of developing a project for laying mines and tunnels and their expensive penetration.

It is also uneconomical to increase or expand the quarry 2, since due to the high proportion of recoverable waste rock 6 with respect to the additionally obtained raw material 5, the yield of this additionally obtained raw material will be relatively small. This corresponds to a low stripping ratio (or "Strip-Ratio", "stripping ratio" - "stripping ratio").

The modern extraction of raw material by open-pit mining or underground mining therefore has the disadvantage that deep-seated raw materials or raw materials of a limited volume of deposits in small deposits have to be left untouched, since economic extraction of such isolated and, for the most part, especially rich deposits is currently impossible.

Further, it is known to flood open-cast mining, so that then using a buoying excavation device to further extract raw materials from the surface of the water. This is known, for example, from patent document RU 2312989 C2. However, underwater development methods, also known from patent documents DE 1816221 A1, DE 1812879 A1, DE 2809304 or DE 10243747 A1, require a relatively large investment of time and money.

Disclosure of the invention

The basis of the present invention is to propose a method of developing a field that allows you to extract raw materials particularly economically, in particular, economically to significant depths.

The solution to this problem is achieved by proposing a method with features according to claim 1 of the claims of the present invention. Preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims.

According to the present invention, a method for developing a deposit, in particular a rock mass or ore body, includes the following steps: at the first development step, the deposit is perforated using a extraction device located on the surface of the deposit outlet and the raw material of the deposit is recovered. Moreover, the perforation structure that arises in the process of perforation between the extracted volumes of the deposit remains in the deposit. In the next, second development step, the remaining perforation structure of the deposit is at least partially developed, and further extraction of the raw material of the deposit is carried out.

Under the field can be understood deposits of raw materials, in particular, ore deposits. In particular, we can talk about diamond ores. The raw material, the development of the deposits of which are produced according to the present invention, may be, in particular, rock or ore.

The output of a deposit to the surface may take place on the surface of an existing open pit or underground pit. Therefore, by the exit of the deposit to the surface can be understood any natural surface in the course of occurrence — or discovered as a result of open or underground mining. The exit of the deposit to the surface can be detected along the horizontal section of the deposit. The emergence of a deposit to the surface, when viewed from above, can be a closed rounded figure. Such a rounded or dish-shaped form of a surface deposit of a deposit may in particular occur in tubular deposits.

Under the perforation of the field in the context of the present invention should be understood channeling in the field - or its perforation. The channels may be staggered, offset and / or spaced apart. Perforation of the deposit can preferably be carried out vertically, with the formation of a vertically perforated deposit. Accordingly, a vertical perforation structure may occur. Alternatively, the perforation may also be performed obliquely, that is, not vertically, or vertically. Under the perforation structure, which according to the present invention may temporarily remain in the field, can be understood as a columnar structure formed in the process of perforation or perforation of the field. In this case, the perforation structure can be separate columns, or a connected spatial interlacing, or a spatial lattice. The recovered volumes of the deposit may be elongated cylindrical cavities or cavities in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds.

The essential main idea of the method for efficient development of a deposit according to the present invention is that the available raw material is developed in two stages, while the development in the direction of the notch, in particular in the essentially vertical direction of the notch, is carried out so that the field is perforated first, then There is a notch in the direction of the notch with a solid surface. Here, for the first step of development, simple and cheap development methods can be applied, while there is still enough residual material to ensure sufficient soil stability. In the second step, the raw material remaining between the channels can, in principle, be completely removed, while another development method can be applied. Such a two-stage development method with a temporary perforating structure has, in particular, the advantage that, with these two time-spaced development steps, the raw material can be efficiently extracted from the field exit to the surface to great depths.

In the first development step, about half, that is, up to about 50 percent or more, available to extract the raw material of the deposit at the surface exit can be taken out by punching. The dimensions of the volumes recovered from the deposit can be calculated in such a way that, as early as the first development step, the maximum possible degree of extraction of the available raw material for extraction of the deposit at the exit of the deposit to the surface can be achieved. These dimensions include, in particular, the diameter or width of the volumes recovered, as well as their depth. These dimensions are determined by the stability of the deposit, in particular the ore body, under the conditions of using a mining device. The perforation interval can be selected so that the extracted volumes do not overlap or almost do not overlap. Before the second development step, preferably the vertical perforation channels are filled, in particular, with a liquid, or a solid material, or a curable mass. This allows for an effective second process step.

In one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the extracted volumes of the perforated deposit are at least partially flooded, and in the next, second step, the perforation structure of the flooded deposit is excavated using a digging device floating on the flooded deposit. Waterflooding of a field can be carried out with a liquid such as water. In this case, the waterflood surface, for example, the surface of the water, may be higher or lower than the outlet of the field to the surface. If the surface of the waterflood is higher than the outlet of the field to the surface, then the perforation structure is entirely below the surface of the waterflood. If the surface of the waterflood is below the outlet of the field to the surface, then the upper zones of the perforation structure can protrude and be visible. A perforated field can be flooded during or after the first development step. Alternatively or additionally, perforated field flooding may also occur during the second development step.

In the second development step, the perforated structure of the flooded field can be removed using a mining device of the first development step or another mining device, while the mining device provided for the second development step can float in the flooded field. The elevation or level of the waterflood surface, which can also be called the surface of the water when flooding with water, in order to create favorable production conditions for the extraction of the perforation structure remaining in the field, can be regulated in height by the volume of water flooding. As a mining device for the first and / or second development step, a drilling rig, a soil mill for forming a “wall in the ground” and / or a grab (“Clamshell”) can be used. In the case of a floating excavation device, it may be located on the pontoon. A dredge or a dredger (“Dredger”) may also be used, on which a drilling rig, a soil mill or a milling crown and / or raking leg can be located.

Waterflooding of a perforated field gives, in particular, the advantage that the perforation structure in the field is supported by the flooding fluid, as well as the advantage that the dredging device floating in the field is protected from failure in the perforated structure of the field. Thus, the collapse of the perforation structure under the extraction device and the sliding of the latter can be avoided, so that reliable and complete excavation to great depths under the waterflood or development surface is possible.

Depending on the content of the raw material in the mine, in particular, ores, waterlogged and filled with water, the extracted volumes can be maintained for a certain period of time until the erosion process has gone so far that it will become easier to recover the raw material in the next development step. Such exposure to the flooded field can be provided as an intermediate step between the first and second development steps.

Between the first and second development steps, in particular, before the field is flooded and / or after the creation of a certain certain number of excavation cavities, an intermediate step may be provided in which the existing perforation structure is first developed using a extraction device, in particular a hydraulic grab located to the side of perforation structure at the exit of the deposit to the surface or on the soil surface. In this case, the grab can partially remove the perforation structure created at the first development stage by the drilling rig. This intermediate step may be performed depending on the stability of the field.

For efficient field development, in one of the further preferred embodiments, perforation of the field may be provided by drilling or milling by means of the surface of the drilling rig or soil milling cutter located at the outlet of the field. The drilling rig may be a drilling rig, in particular, a rotary drilling rig with auger drill and / or bucket. When excavating diamond-containing raw materials, it is preferable to use drilling, since under the conditions of using a washing liquid, in particular water, due to contact with it, the raw material undergoes erosion after a relatively short time. This then, in the next step, gives the advantage that the raw material can be more easily repelled. A soil mill can be a soil mill to form a “wall in the ground”. Alternatively or additionally, a clamshell forming a “wall in the ground” may also be provided for perforating the field. Several such identical or different extraction devices may also be used for the excavation. One or more of such mining devices may also be used as one or more mining devices floating in a waterflood field. Several such mining devices can also be used simultaneously in the first and / or second development step.

According to the present invention, overlapping of the first and second development steps may also be provided, with the first development step starting up to the second step. Accordingly, the development of the perforation structure in the second development step can be started until the complete perforation in the first step of the field development. This requires that at least one mining device is used at both overlapping development steps.

For the extraction of raw materials according to one of the further preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is preferable that the recoverable raw material in the process of perforation of the field passed rough crushing. The raw material, in particular ore, can be coarsely crushed by means of - or in the process - drilling or milling. Drilling or milling may be performed by a drilling rig or soil milling cutter. The advantage of coarse crushing of the raw material is that the cost of preparing the raw material can be reduced. Such a preferred crushing process can also be carried out, alternatively or additionally, by a coarse crusher. By crushing or coarse crushing of the raw material can be understood as its grinding.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the recovered volumes of the field are at least partially filled with backing fluid. The recovered volumes, which may be boreholes, holes, or milling slots, may be backed by a liquid, such as water or a slurry. In the case of extraction of raw material by means of a soil mill during the milling process, a liquid or suspension, in addition to performing its task as a support medium, can also serve as a transport medium for broken and recoverable raw material. The liquid or slurry after separation from the raw material may again be fed into the well or into the milling slit as a retaining fluid.

Moreover, as was discovered in one of the further developments of the present invention, it is especially favorable for the extraction process to flood the perforated field with a backing fluid. This can preferably be done with a liquid such as water. Thus, the backing fluid may be a flooding fluid. The perforated field can be flooded with a backing fluid to a height lower or higher, for example 5 meters higher, to the surface’s exit.

If the field is flooded during the first and / or second development steps or between them, then in one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the excavation device floating on the flooded field may be located on a floating carrier, in particular on a pontoon or on a barge. On this carrier, a mining device, a development device or a development tool, for example, a hydraulic grab or a soil mill, can be installed. A dredger (“Dredger”) may also be provided, which may comprise a mining device with a grab and / or milling crown. A combination of several such extraction devices on one or more media is also possible. Using a buoyancy device on a floating carrier, it is possible to seize the raw material to great depths.

With the possible use of dredge or dredger („Dredger”) and the extraction of raw material by a drilling rig or soil milling cutter under water, that is, under the waterflooding surface, the raw material extracted under water using floating hoses can be pumped ashore and separated there. The second development step, at which the perforation structure of the field is being developed, may in this case also be described as an underwater development step. In this case, an underwater development device or an underwater development tool may be used. A pontoon or a vessel may be used as a floating carrier.

After the waterflooding of the field, the perforation structure may partially or completely be under water, therefore, to extract the perforation structure, it may be preferable to measure its location before flooding so that the underwater excavation is carried out according to this location. In this case, the position of the floating extraction device and / or the extraction tool located under water can be adjusted to the location of the perforation structure known from the measurement results. Thus, the second development step can be based on mapping the perforation structure during or after the first development step. Mapping and / or determining the location of the extraction device can be done, for example, using a satellite navigation system or satellite positioning system.

In one of the further embodiments of the present invention, it is advisable to provide that the extraction device located at the outlet of the deposit to the surface is the same extraction device that floats in the flooded deposit, and that this same extraction device, in particular, be a soil device cutter. Alternatively, a drilling rig or grab can also be used as the indicated same extraction device. It is also possible at the first development step — at the surface’s exit of the field — to use several extraction devices and, at least partially, to use these extraction devices at the second development stage as floating extraction devices. One or more floating excavation devices may be located on one or more floating carriers. On a separate carrier, for example a pontoon or a vessel, several extraction devices can also be located in parallel.

In principle, any extraction device capable of extracting raw material in a form suitable for further processing may be used. Particularly effective is the use, according to one embodiment of the present invention, of a mining device for the second development step, which is a grab, soil milling cutter for forming a “wall in the ground” or a drilling rig. Such a mining device may also be used in a first development step.

One of the further preferred embodiments of the present invention may differ in that the volumes recovered in the first development step are filled again before the second development step is carried out. This new filling of the recovered volumes can also - alternatively - be done in part, that is, in separate volumes or up to a certain certain height. Filling the recovered volumes can be done with a mixture based on a binder or gangue. After the mixture is cured, the perforation structure remaining between the filled volumes and the raw material consisting of raw material can be removed in the second development step. Filling the recovered volumes can be done alternatively or in addition to flooding the perforated field.

The extraction, lifting, transportation and preparation of the extracted raw material is carried out, in principle, in the traditional way. According to one of the embodiments of the present invention, the extracted raw material is dehydrated, separated and / or crushed, this is especially effective in the development of the field. The dehydration, separation and / or grinding of the raw material can be carried out using extraction devices or one or more separate devices for one or more of the aforementioned further possible technological steps. Dehydration and grinding in the crusher can be done on a pontoon. The crushed raw material can then be fed to the shore using floating conveyors, that is, aboard the waterfields.

To break off the raw material from the reservoir array, a preferred embodiment of the method according to the present invention is that during the first development step, bore holes are drilled in the vertical perforation structure and the perforation structure at least partially explodes at the first or second development step. To do this, bore holes can be charged with explosives. Prior to this, boreholes can also serve as a preliminary exploration of the field. Explosive breaking of a perforated structure can facilitate its extraction in the second development step. The blasted off raw material may then be recovered, preferably with a grab. Drilling holes can be carried out before or during the perforation of the field in the first development step. Explosive blasting is preferred, in particular, when excavating solid ore or rock. Explosive blasting crushes the recoverable raw material, which facilitates the extraction of crushed raw material in the first and / or second stages of development. The recovery of the chopped-off crushed raw material can be carried out before or during the second development step.

When perforating a deposit, the creation of individual perforation elements can, in principle, be performed according to an arbitrary scheme and in an arbitrary sequence. A perforation element can be understood as a channel in a field, in particular, a (perforation) well or a (perforation) insert. Moreover, one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is that the perforation is carried out with a spacing of channels, in particular, with a spacing of boreholes and / or with a spacing of cuts, in particular, with a spacing of milling slots. In this case, the spaced channels are preferably arranged with a grid. The channels as individual perforation elements can form the entire perforation structure. The perforation structure may consist of individual bridges remaining in the field between the extracted volumes. The arrangement of spaced channels in the deposit has the advantage that the perforation structure remaining in the deposit is a closed formation, that is, a connected and stable formation.

The field development method of the present invention can be applied to naturally occurring deposits on the surface. This method, with its first and second development steps, can also be applied to the open-pit mining of an already partially developed field, in which a subsidence trough is formed, in particular a funnel, which can be flooded. Thus, the method can be applied on the sole of the quarry. Alternatively, the method can also be applied in an underground cavity, for example, in a cave or adit, where there is an outlet to the surface at the bottom of the underground cavity.

The present invention further relates to open pit mining of a field being developed by the method according to the present invention. In this case, only the method according to the present invention can be applied - or it can be applied in addition to another development method.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Below, the present invention is disclosed further with reference to preferred embodiments schematically depicted in the accompanying drawings. The drawings show:

in FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a separately located field;

in FIG. 2 is a section of the open development of a separately located field;

in FIG. 3 - perforation of the field at the first development step in axonometric projection of the field exit to the surface, with enlarged images of top views of the perforated field exit to the surface;

in FIG. 4 is a side view of a perforated field with a drilling rig and wells filled with backing fluid;

in FIG. 5 is a side view of the development of a water-flooded field at the second step of excavation with a grab as a mining device;

in FIG. 6 is a side view of the development of a water-flooded field in the second step of excavation with a floating grab as a floating excavation device;

in FIG. 7 is a side view of the development of a water-flooded field in the second step of excavation with a floating soil mill as a floating excavation device.

The implementation of the invention

In FIG. 1 shows a separately located rock mass or ore body of deposit 1. The rock mass or ore body contains raw material 5. Deposit 1 or raw material 5 is surrounded by empty or enclosing rock 6. Deposit 1 has an exit 3 to the surface, and specifically to surface 4 the soil. Field 1 may have a tubular or columnar structure. The latter may, as shown in FIG. 1, taper down or expand up.

In FIG. 2 shows a section of an open mine with quarry 2. Quarry 2 extends from the surface 4 of the soil to the depth D1 of the mine. At a depth D1 of the mine, there is an exit of 3 deposits to the surface. The exit of 3 deposits to the surface does not occur naturally, but is a consequence of the presence of a funnel-shaped open pit 2. Quarry 2 can conically and spirally go from the surface 4 of the soil to the exit 3 of the deposit to the surface, tapering from top to bottom, that is, from the surface 4 of the soil to exit 3 deposits to the surface. Above the exit 3 of the deposit to the surface, quarry 2 can be located, and under the exit of 3 deposits to the surface there is raw material 5 of the deposit 1. The raw material 5 of deposit 1 is surrounded by rock 6, which can be below the exit of the 3 deposit to the surface or below the depth D1 of the mine. As shown in FIG. 2, field 1 in open pit mining with quarry 2 has already been developed to depth D1 of the pit.

In FIG. 3, field 1 is shown in a side view with a perspective view of the exit 3 of the field to the surface. The output 3 of the deposit to the surface can be at a depth D1 of the mine in the form of the sole of the opencast mine 2 or it can be a natural exit to the surface. If the output 3 of the deposit to the surface occurs naturally, then the depth D1 of the development can be at the level of the surface 4 of the soil or below the level of the surface of the soil with a small difference in height. Wells 15 or recovered volumes 9 may extend in field 1 to a depth D2 of production. Thus, from the field 1 can be removed raw material 5, located between the depths D1 and D2 of the output. Then between the depths of the excavation D1 and D2 remains perforation structure 7.

On the surface 4 of the soil may be a drilling tower 20 or a drilling rig with a drilling tool. With the help of the derrick 20, the field 1 can be perforated, while the field 1 can be perforated with a spacing of the boreholes 15. Wells 15, which can be located next to each other, form extracted volumes 9 in the field 1, from which raw material 5 is removed.

In a top view of the wells 15 in FIG. Figure 3 shows the possible arrangement of the wells 15 in separate rows, while the wells 15 can be drilled spaced apart from each other. Wells 15 within one row may be located at some constant distance d1 from each other, and different rows of wells 15 may be located at a distance d2 from each other. The bore holes 15 may have a diameter D. This diameter D may correspond to the drilling tool of the drill rig 2 used, and the drilling tool may be a screw drill or a bucket. Exploratory or explosive holes 13 may be drilled between individual wells 15 in field 1. Between wells 15 there is a perforation structure 7 that can form a connected part of the perforated holes 15 of field 1. For explosive breaking of the perforation structure 7, holes 13 can be charged with explosives and explosions can be carried out by separately, with a time spacing or at the same time. For the purpose of reconnaissance in some hole 13, a logging probe can also be lowered to explosive blasting, for example, for seismic measurements or radar measurements.

In one of the alternative options, the field 1 can also be perforated by a soil mill (not shown in FIG. 3). In FIG. 3 in a plan view In the exit 3 of the deposit to the surface, milling cuts 17 in the form of parallelepipeds are shown. These cuts 17 can, like wells 15, be arranged in rows spaced apart from each other. Inside one row, adjacent cuts 17 may be located at a constant distance d3 from each other. Between the cuts 17 can be located holes 13.

In FIG. 4 is a side view of an at least partially perforated deposit 1; raw material 5 is extracted from the field by a drilling machine 20, which may be at the outlet 3 of the field to the surface. In this case, the extracted volumes 9 formed, as well as the wells 15, can be filled with retaining fluid 11. The drilling rig 20 for drilling wells 15 can be moved to the exit 3 of the field to the surface. Wells 15 extend from a working depth D1 to a working depth D2. Between the wells 15 - and between the extracted volumes 9 - a perforation structure 7 is formed. For example, water or a suspension can be used as a backing fluid 11. The filling level of the backing fluid 11 in the well 15 may reach the exit 3 of the field to the surface or to any level below the exit 3 of the field to the surface and above D2.

In FIG. 5 shows the development of field 1 in the second development step, after perforation of field 1. Perforated field 1 contains several extracted volumes 9, which can be filled with backing fluid 11. The remaining perforation structure 7 in the field 1, formed between the extracted volumes 9, can be grabbed 24 The grab 24 may be located on the side of the recovered volumes 9 at the outlet 3 of the field to the surface. The perforation structure 7 can be sequentially removed by the grab 24. Filling the extracted volumes 9 with backing fluid 11 can be understood as flooding the field 1. The development of the perforation structure 7 can reach a certain intermediate depth of the production ID at the first partial step. The level of the retaining fluid 11, which may at least partially or completely flood the field 1, may be above the intermediate depth ID of the mine.

As shown in FIG. 6, the perforating structure 7, which in an intermediate step is designed as shown in FIG. 5 by grab 24 to an intermediate depth of the ID of the mine, can be pulled out to a depth of D2. For this, grapple 24, which may be grapple 24 of FIG. 5 are placed on a floating carrier 26. A floating carrier 26 floats on the waterflood field 1. Waterflooding of the field 1 can be carried out by backing fluid 11. The grab 24 can extract raw material 5 of the perforation structure 7 remaining in the field 1 under water, that is, remove it from the waterflood backing liquid 11 or water of the field 1. The grab 24 can also remove those parts of the perforation structure 7 that have not yet been removed in the first development step and still protrude above the waterflood surface 12.

In FIG. 7 shows the extraction of the perforation structure 7 by the excavator 22 on the carrier 26, which can float on the waterflood deposit 1. The excavator 22 extracts the raw material 5 of the perforation structure 7 underwater. Excavator 22 may be used alternatively or in addition to grapple 24 of FIG. 6 for the extraction of raw material 5 of the field 1.

The application of the field development method according to the present invention, comprising the first and second development steps, in which a perforation structure is temporarily formed, makes it possible to more flexibly and reliably develop the raw material to great depths.

Claims (18)

1. A method of developing a deposit (1), in particular a rock mass or ore body, comprising the following steps: at the first stage of development, the field (1) is perforated using a extraction device located on the exit surface (3) of the field with extraction of raw material (5) of the field (1), while in the field (1) there remains a perforation structure (7) arising in the process perforations between the extracted volumes (9) of the field (1), and in the next, second development step, the remaining perforation structure (7) of the deposit (1) is at least partially recovered, and further extraction of the raw material (5) of the deposit (1) is carried out, and the remaining perforation structure (7) of the deposit (1) is recovered carried out from above. 2. The method according to p. 1, according to which the recovered volumes (9) of the perforated deposit (1) are at least partially flooded and at the next, second step, the perforation structure (7) of the flooded field (1) is excavated using a excavation device floating on the flooded field (1). 3. The method according to p. 1, according to which the perforation of the field (1) is carried out by drilling or milling by means of the field located at the exit (3) to the surface of the drilling rig (20) or a soil mill. 4. The method according to p. 1, according to which carry out coarse crushing of the raw material (5) extracted in the process of perforation of the field (1). 5. The method according to p. 1, according to which the extracted volumes (9) of the field (1) are at least partially filled with retaining liquid (11). 6. The method according to p. 5, according to which the perforated field (1) is flooded with backing fluid (11). 7. The method according to p. 2, according to which a mining device floating on a waterfields (1) is located on a floating carrier (26), in particular on a pontoon. 8. The method according to p. 2, according to which the extraction device located at the outlet (3) of the deposit to the surface and the extraction device floating in the flooded deposit (1) are the same extraction device, and this is the same extraction the device, in particular, is a soil mill. 9. The method according to claim 1, according to which the extraction device for the second development step is a grab (24), a soil mill for forming a wall in the ground, or a drilling rig. 10. The method according to p. 1, according to which the volumes (9) extracted in the first development step are filled again before the second development step. 11. The method according to p. 1, according to which the extracted raw material (5) is dehydrated, separated and / or crushed. 12. The method according to p. 1, according to which during the first development step in the perforation structure (7) drill holes (13) and the perforation structure (7) in the first or second development step at least partially explode. 13. The method according to p. 1, according to which the perforation is carried out with a spacing of channels, in particular with a spacing of boreholes (15) and / or with a spacing of cuts (17), in particular with a spacing of milling slots, which preferably have a grid. 14. The method according to p. 1, according to which the first and second development steps are carried out in the open development of an already partially developed field (1) with the formation of a settling trough, in particular a funnel (2), which is flooded. 15. Open pit mining for the development of the field (1), which is operated and developed by the method according to p. 1.

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