RU1768754C - Method for opencast mining of water-bearing deposits - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to mining. The goal is to increase efficiency by increasing intensive mining while reducing the cost of mining below the groundwater level. Excavator approaches are made in the form of split trenches, which are separated by transverse bridges, the distance between which and their height are determined depending on the drainage properties of the soil on the parameters of the excavator approach and development tools according to the mathematical dependencies m.

Description

The invention relates to mining and construction and can be used in open pit mining below the groundwater level.

A known method of developing deposits below the groundwater level, including loosening the formation with a milling working body of a salt mill and working it out to full capacity with transverse feeds, loading salt into vehicles. The disadvantages of this method of field development are the increased complexity of the technological process compared to conventional earthmoving machines, due to the need to provide dredging equipment with communications infrastructure. In addition, the disadvantages are the increased consumption of energy, material and labor resources, the relative inaccuracy of the development work and the increased cost of ensuring compliance with environmental requirements compared with the development

deposits by conventional excavating machines.

There is a method of open-pit mining of deposits below the groundwater level, including surface preparation, drainage of the quarry floor with uphill ditches, drainage trenches and water-reducing wells, cutting of ledges, sinking of entry tracks and career roads, formation of salt landslides, berms, slopes of non-working ledges. The disadvantages of this method are significant non-production work and the complexity of the process flow in preparing the surface, drainage of the quarry with upland ditches, drainage trenches and water-reducing wells, cutting ledges, driving entry trenches and career roads, the formation of salt landslides, berms, slopes of non-working ledges.

The closest solution to the technical nature and the achieved result, which is the method, is also known.

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open-pit mining of mineral deposits below the groundwater level, including rock breaking with wellbores with drainage through blasted rock mass and its shipment by parallel excavator sinking.

The disadvantages of the known method of development of deposits are: insufficient intensity of development of deposits, due to the need to carry out prepared work on the implementation of drainage of water before mining the main block of rocks, in addition, the intensity of mining depends on the drainage properties of the blasted rock mass and can only be used in some cases when the rock mass has a large loosening coefficient, unproductive expenses for breaking rocks with well-charged charges and devices in the water system in the mountains during the organization of drained water, in addition, when dissolving the rock mass or the presence of aggressive substances, it is necessary to build water treatment facilities and ensure ecological balance; limited use, due to the ability to use this method only with rocks that are on a slope and have a large coefficient of loosening; increased safety requirements with an increase in labor and material resources during blasting; not effective in the development of deposits with low-draining floating or water-soluble rocks

An object of the invention is to increase development efficiency.

This goal is achieved in that the excavator sinking is performed in the form of split trenches, which are separated by transverse bridges, the distance between which and the height are determined by the formulas:

| -.--. k t

0.5 g fu

- K g P e 0.5 (0.5)

N ° I at B

where L is the distance of transverse banquets from each other, m;

1U is the length of the sunset section developed during the unit of measurement of the time of rock loading rate, m;

Kg is a coefficient depending on fruit. out conditions;

Pe - rock loading rate, m3 / s; Ofu - groundwater inflow into an excavator entry at a length of 1U, m3 / s;

Н0 - height of transverse banquets, m; p - serial number of transverse banquets from the beginning of the call; In - the width of the sunset, m,

0 The invention differs from the known technical solution in that the development of mineral rocks is carried out at the maximum speed of the development tool used, and excavator runs are made in the form of split trenches, which are separated by transverse bridges, the distance between which and the height are determined depending on the drainage properties of the soil, on the parameters

0 excavation approach and development tools.

The implementation of the method of open-cast mining of.-Estrogenic deposits of minerals of shallow bedding, below the level

5 of groundwater is explained using a fragment of a field development plan (Fig. 1) and a cross section of excavator openings (Fig. 2).

The method of open pit mining of deposits of minerals below the groundwater level comprises excavator approaches 1, transverse banquets 2, longitudinal banquets 3, excavator 4, surface of field 5, water level in sunset 6, distance

5 between the transverse banquets L, the width of the excavator entry B and the height of the transverse banquets H0.

An open-pit mining method is carried out as follows.

0 Excavator 4 of the usual design performs excavator approaches 1 in the form of split trenches, which are divided by transverse banquets 2, the distance between which L and height Н0 are determined depending on the drainage properties of the soil, on the parameters of the excavator. . The distance L between the transverse banquets 2 and their height H0 will ensure that the rocks are shipped at the maximum rate without a significant reduction during the development of the rocks. The speed (i.e. productivity) of rock shipping by excavator 4 is for each type of excavator or rock development tool.

5 individual value and expresses the maximum, i.e. the optimal rate of shipment of rocks with a given development tool and breed conditions. Depth and width of the entry correspond to the depth and width of the excavator with its minimum productivity of shipment of rocks. Groundwater inflow into an excavator entry (Zfu depends on the filtration coefficient and conditions of the aquifer, on the dimensions of the excavator entry, on the radius of the depression, on the thickness of the pressure pumping reservoir, on the depth of the bottom of the excavator entry on a relatively low statistical level and on the reduced radius of the excavator entry.

The method of open development of mineral deposits is used in the extraction of mineral granular building materials since sands and loamy sand in the region of Western Siberia, where sand deposits are located under significant groundwater levels in significant areas.

Claims (1)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A method for open development of irrigated shallow mineral deposits, including conducting a trench, development of rocks by parallel excavation approaches with the formation of pillars between them, characterized in that, in order to increase efficiency by increasing the intensity of mining at reducing the cost of developing mineral resources below the groundwater level, additionally between the pillars form transverse pillar bridges, the distance between which and their height are determined by the formulas L l TO, P. But g 0.5 Q fu KG Pe -0.5 (0.5p " AT where L is the distance of transverse banquets from each other, m; 1U is the length of the sunset section developed during the unit of measurement of the time of rock loading rate, m; Kg is a coefficient depending on soil conditions; Pe - rock loading rate, m3 / s; Ofu - groundwater inflow into an excavator entry at a length of ly, m3 / s; But - the height of the transverse banquets, m; p - serial number of transverse banquets from the beginning of the grab; In - the width of the capture, m Jl 3 ,AND A - A lg FIG.