RU2716662C1 - Method for development of difficult to wash and boulder alluvial mineral deposits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mining industry and can be used in mining operations on placer mineral deposits using bulldozer equipment. Method of development of difficult to wash and boulder gravel deposits of minerals involves overburdening works, formation of watered trench and transportation of sands by means of bulldozer equipment to flushing equipment. At that after creation of water-flooding trench primary transportation of sand is performed by bulldozer equipment with perforated dumps in direction opposite to flushing equipment, and secondary transportation of sands to dressing equipment is performed with equipment with usual dump equipment.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of mining equipment, increased efficiency of development of high-clay sands, simultaneously containing considerable amount of boulder material, and also increased degree of useful component extraction.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in mining operations at alluvial mineral deposits using bulldozer technology.

Known bulldozer method of mining placers, consisting in layer-by-layer cutting with a bulldozer blade and transporting it to a receiving hopper, followed by washing (Emelyanov V.I. Technology of bulldozer mining of permafrost placers. - M .: Nedra, 1976. P. 163-177).

The disadvantages of this method are the supply of poorly disintegrated sands for washing, which increases the loss of the useful component on the washing and processing device, as well as the supply of boulder rocks to the device, the cleaning of which requires additional costs and can even lead to damage to the washing equipment.

A known method of developing alluvial deposits, including the preliminary creation of a pit, the formation of a dry zone on a reservoir and a pool in a developed space where the sands are stored (RF Patent No. 2347074, CL E21C 21/30, published on 02.20.2009). However, this method does not eliminate the disadvantages inherent in sand containing coarse (boulder) material.

As a prototype, a method has been adopted for developing bouldery alluvial mineral deposits, including stripping, excavation and transportation of sands by bulldozer equipment to mineral processing equipment, characterized in that the primary transportation of sand is carried out in a specially prepared or mined space with a trench in a raft along the lower edge of the mining ledge with the formation of a slope, and the secondary transportation of sand to the processing equipment is carried out from the slope by mining step (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2374446, class E21C 41/30, published on November 27, 2009). This method solves the problem of removing coarse or boulder material from the sand, but it does not solve the issue of disintegration of clay, difficult-to-wash fractions.

The problem to which the claimed technical solution is directed is to increase the productivity of mining equipment and increase the degree of extraction of the useful component in the development of hard-washed and boulder sands of placer mineral deposits by increasing the degree of disintegration of sands before feeding and cleaning boulders with perforated dumps of bulldozer equipment.

The technical result is to increase the productivity of mining equipment, increase the efficiency of the development of high clay sands, simultaneously containing a significant amount of boulder material, as well as increase the degree of extraction of the useful component.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of developing hard-washed and bouldery alluvial mineral deposits includes overburden work, the formation of an irrigated trench and the transportation of sands by bulldozer equipment to the washing equipment. In this case, after the creation of the flooded trench, the primary transportation of sand is carried out by bulldozer equipment with perforated dumps in the direction opposite to the washing equipment, and the secondary transportation of sand to the processing equipment is carried out by equipment with conventional dump equipment.

In addition, a dam is organized in front of the washing equipment to prevent water from leaving the landfill, which is opened after the sand is sorted at the landfill.

In the method of developing hard-washed and bouldery alluvial mineral deposits after overburden operations are carried out at the landfill, a trench is made along one of the sides, which is flooded with water. Further, coarse-grained and boulder material is shipped from this trench by bulldozer technology with perforated dumps (preliminary screening) in the direction opposite to the washing equipment for the entire capacity of the reservoir. The sands of the next ditch are reloaded in the first, and boulders are also shipped by water. Operations are repeated across the width of the entire polygon. In the lower part of the landfill, a natural or bulk dam is organized to prevent water from escaping. After preliminary screening with a bulldozer technique of all or part of the landfill, the lower dam is cut and liquid sands are transported to a washing device, for example, a hydraulic elevator type, the table of which is installed below the level of the raft.

The method includes stripping operations, sequentially creating flooded longitudinal trenches, primary screening of sands with bulldozers with perforated dumps and shipment of coarse material in the direction opposite to the washing equipment, and then transporting the disintegrated sands with bulldozer equipment with conventional dumps to washing and processing equipment.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 - shows a plan of the landfill and a diagram of the sequential supply of hard-washed and boulder sands into the flooded trench;

In FIG. 2 - a diagram of the preliminary screening of sand with a bulldozer technique with perforated dumps;

In FIG. 3 - shows the supply of liquid sand to the flushing device.

Where the positions indicated: 1 - dam; 2 - bulldozer with perforated blade; 3 - flooded trench; 4 - a dump of coarse material and boulders; 5 - sorted sands; 6 - open dam; 7 - bulldozer with a conventional blade; 8 - hopper of the elevator device. The arrows in the diagrams show the direction of sand transportation.

The method is as follows.

After overburden operations along one side of the mining block, development takes place in the form of a longitudinal bypass trench 3, into which water is launched in an amount sufficient to lift water in the blade drawing cone, but not obstructing the movement of the bulldozer equipment. In the lower part of the landfill, a dam 1 is organized, which prevents the flow of water. Further, coarse and boulder material is shipped from this trench with bulldozer technology 2 with perforated dumps in the direction opposite to the washing device and boulder dumps 4 are formed. When a bulldozer with a perforated blade moves in the drawing cone, intensive mixing of the transported material and active disintegration of clayey clay occur. Minerals always rush for water and therefore remain in the trench. Sorted sands 5 remain behind the bulldozer with perforated blade 2. After processing the trenches, the sands are fed at full capacity by parallel rides into the same trench. The level of sand decreases, water is redistributed to the next parallel race. The removal of coarse material and boulders continues. So the operations extend to the entire area of the landfill. In connection with the export of coarse material and boulders, the volume of remaining sands decreases, and the mineral content in them increases. In addition, productive formations are never strictly mature over any horizon, often have gaps or the shape of nests. Processing the sands with a perforated blade allows you to save in sorted sand and off-balance mineral reserves. After sorting the sands at the landfill, the dam 1 is opened and through opening 6, the sorted sands 5 have access to the receiving hopper, for example, a hydraulic elevator 8, the receiving table of which is installed below the landfill. The supply of sorted sand to the table of the device 8 is carried out by a bulldozer 7 with a conventional blade or other equipment.

The essential features that distinguish the present method of mining at alluvial deposits from the nearest prototype, allow to obtain the following technical result:

increasing the productivity of flushing (and concentration) equipment in the development of difficult-to-wash and boulder alluvial deposits;

- an increase in the degree of disintegration of difficultly washed clay sands;

- reduction of technological losses of minerals;

- reduction in the required amount of washing sand with a simultaneous increase in their mineral content;

- improving the reliability of flushing equipment due to the supply of sorted sand;

- increase in the reserves of the mining block (landfill) due to the inclusion of off-balance horizons in the processing.

Claims (2)

1. A method of developing hard-washed and bouldery alluvial mineral deposits, including overburden, formation of an irrigated trench and sand transportation with a bulldozer equipment to washing equipment, characterized in that after the creation of an irrigated trench, the primary sand transportation is carried out with a bulldozer equipment in the opposite direction to the perforated and the secondary transportation of sand to the processing equipment is carried out by techn with conventional dumping equipment. 2. A method for developing difficult-washed and bouldery alluvial mineral deposits according to claim 1, characterized in that a dam is arranged in front of the washing equipment to prevent water from draining from the landfill, which is opened after the sand is sorted at the landfill.

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