RU2096618C1 - Drill-and-drift method for underground mining of coal seams - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry. SUBSTANCE: this is used for mining sloping, steeply inclined and pitching coal seams. According to method, mining field is divided into sublevels by driving workings, coal is extracted by drilling bore-holes of straight ahead direction from haulageways to air headings. Bore-holes are reamed in reverse movement with subsequent removal of inter-hole pillars. Operations of drilling, bore-hole reaming and inter-hole pillar removing are spread along strike and along seam thickness. Inter-hole pillars are removed by crushing them under effect of rock pressure or by means of crushing hydraulic devices suspended in bore-holes by ropes which are displaced from bottom to top and from floor to roof. EFFECT: high efficiency. 7 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to mining, in particular to the development of coal seams with a thickness above 1.0 m, with angles of incidence of more than 30 ^o .

 Known methods for developing coal seams with the specified parameters using various development systems: continuous, pillar, layered, shield, with flexible overlap, atypical with drilling and blasting coal extraction in the working faces and using mechanized complexes and aggregates KGU, KM-81E, KPK-1m , AK-3 and ASHM, ANSC, SCHRPM units. Attempts were made to develop powerful soil strata with the laying of the worked out space using mechanized complexes KZ and KVZ, inclined and horizontal layers using hardening bookmarks in inclined layers and aggregates of AKZ, in horizontal layers of roadheaders and self-propelled trolleys. They tried to treat shallow thin seams in an experimental procedure with a chamber system with coal extraction using a sand-track method, steep seams with a thickness of 0.4-1 m using the drilling method using the KMD complex (B.F. Bratchenko et al. Methods of opening, preparation and development of mine fields. M. Nedra, 1985, pp. 146–207; N. M. Alyabyev et al. A brief guide to the mining engineer of a coal mine. M. Nedra, 1982, pp. 50-70, 151-193; N.A. Chinakal et al. Shield development system. Novosibirsk, 1972. S. 21-59, 87-146; V. P. Egorov and other Kuzbass mines. M. Nedra, 1994, S. 70-159; Instructions for safe use June atypical development systems in the difficult geological conditions of the Kuznetsk basin L.P. Tomashevsky, I. B. Milovanov, V.V. Egoshin et al. Prokopyevsk, "Prokopyevskugol", "Yuzhkuzbassugol", VostNII, KuzNIUI, 1975, 31 p.; M.V. Kurlenya et al. Shield mining technology for coal deposits. Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1988, p. 252; A.B. Morev et al. Drill track installations for coal mining. M. Nedra 1973, p. 128; A .F. Yagnakov and others. Coal mining by the drift track method. M. "Nedra", 1976, p. 120; A.P. Sudoplatov, K.I. Ivanov. New high-performance coal mining methods. M. Gosgortekhizdat, 1962, p. 100-101).

 The indicated mining systems with coal extraction in the working faces using drilling and blasting operations require significant amounts of preparatory and rifting workings of various purpose, cross-section and types of support, have a high percentage of manual work, which determines their high labor intensity and low safety.

The rationalization of these systems and the individual elements in them and the work was carried out in the direction of the elimination of manual work: drilling and blasting and work on fixing and managing the roof. At incidence angles of 30–40 ^° and at appropriate capacities, several attempts were made to introduce complexes of the KM-81E type, for low-power formations with incidence angles providing gravity of coal in the working face, a KGU complex was developed, for more powerful KPK complex and AK unit, as well as AMShch and ANshch shield assemblies, KS shields with drilling and blasting dredging were created for more powerful strata, work was carried out to create a Ziminets shield complex, KNK complexes for working out powerful strata with horizontal layers, for combinations constant system with low overlap, driving thick seams with laying - RS and KHP complexes.

 Strict requirements for bedding conditions, the constancy of hypsometry and the absence of faults of fault and faulting nature with displacements of 30-40% limited the use of mechanized complexes, and significant ranges of capacities and dip angles that dictated special design solutions led to a significant variety of developed designs and narrow areas of their application . At the same time, small distances along the strike of 120-150 m between breaking faults in excavation fields and a limited floor height (100 m vertically) caused significant volumes of installation, dismantling and rigging, also carried out manually.

 The action of these two reasons (if less significant) restrained the development of the production of almost piece equipment, which did not allow, moreover, to significantly increase the efficiency of underground coal mining in the considered range of mining and geological conditions.

The aim of the invention is the elimination of these shortcomings of existing methods of underground mining of coal seams with a thickness of more than 1.0 m with dip angles of more than 30 ^o to significantly reduce material and labor costs for the extraction of tons of coal due to the use of the same development system and the same means of mechanization for all these conditions labor of six items.

The indicated goal with a bucket track development system is achieved by dividing the excavation field of inclined and steep seams (more than 30 ^o ) into several separate sub-floors and extracting coal from them by drilling from the sub-floor excavation drift of wells in direct motion to a ventilation excavation drift and expanding them backwards with drilling machines of the type BGA-2M. Depending on the thickness of the formation, drilling and expansion of wells is carried out in several layers.

 Forward-running wells are drilled with a diameter of 500 mm, wells are expanded with the help of expanders of various types to diameters of 850-1,300 mm. Using special expanders, it is possible to expand wells of rectangular cross-section with side sizes up to 1300 1400 mm and more.

 The drift track system is designed for use in mining excavation fields of various sizes along strike with separation into blocks up to 200 220 m long when mining coal seams prone to spontaneous combustion. The excavation field by fall is supposed to be divided into sub-floors with an inclined length of 20-30 m.

 At the near border of the field (block), there is a side inclined excavation for transporting mined coal down, supplying air to the floors, moving people, raising and lowering equipment and materials. Between the sub-floors it is planned to leave a pillar with a size of 3–4 m (inclined) to ensure simultaneous extraction of coal in several sub-floors. Recessing drifts, if necessary, are secured with anchor support of an acceptable or necessary design.

 The extraction of coal in the sub-floor is envisaged to be carried out with the sequential execution of three processes: 1 by direct-hole drilling by drilling rigs of the BGA-2M type. Wells are drilled with one machine in direct motion with the abandonment (suspension) of a drilling tool in a drilled well; 2 - expansion of wells in reverse by the second same machine with some lag in the process (at least 2 wells) with the transfer of the tool to the first machine; 3 by the destruction of the inter-pillar pillars (between the expanded ones) due to rock pressure or using a special crushing device located in the borehole on the rope, consisting of two hydraulic cylinders perpendicular to each other, with rods extending from both sides, equipped with oval plates at the ends, and ball locks pivotally connected to rods. When the fluid is supplied by the oil station located on the ventilation drift, the rods are extended under the pistons and the pillars between the wells are destroyed under the force of oval plates. The destruction of the inter-pillar pillars in the layer is carried out in the direction from the transport (layer) excavation to the ventilation device; it is lifted up by a winch mounted on the ventilation drift. When drilling coal in layers, the destruction of interwell pillars is carried out in the direction from the soil to the roof.

 The distance between the wells is selected on the basis of a minimum of 0.5 m remaining between the sides of the extended pillar wells depending on the strength and stability of coal and host rocks. If necessary, support pillars may be left between groups of wells along a fall of a width of 3 5 m.

 Ventilation of the faces of drifts is carried out using local ventilation fans, and drilling operations due to mine depression.

 To carry out work on lifting backstop expanders, removing the backstop expander and installing the backstop expander on a new drill stand, a winch is installed on the upper extraction drifts.

 To carry out work on the destruction of cross-hole pillars with the help of crushing devices, winches and pumping stations are located on the upper extraction drifts.

 With an increase in the thickness of the layers, their development with the help of a gravel track system is carried out in layers, being the basis of two technological schemes.

The first technological scheme provides for the use of the system in the processing of formations with a thickness of 1.0 to 4.1 m with dip angles of more than 30 ^o . It is envisaged to work out less powerful formations in this range in one layer, more powerful layers in two layers when conducting two sub-floor drifts - ventilation and transport. With reservoir thicknesses of up to 3.5 m, excavation drifts of a special cross-sectional configuration are proposed to be carried out by 4PU combines, with a power of 3.5 to 4.1 m using GPKS combines.

 The second technological scheme provides for the use of a shtrashtrakovoy system on strata with a thickness of more than 4.2 m with three layers of coal being drilled during three submerged drifts of two transport (layered) drills and one ventilation drift when expanding wells in the upper two layers to a diameter of 1300 mm and unexpanded wells in the third layer to a reservoir thickness of 4.5 m and extended wells in this layer with an increase in diameter to 1.3 m with a reservoir thickness of 5.7 m.

 With a formation thickness of 5.8 6.1 m, drilling in subfloors by drilling is carried out in four layers when three subfloor drifts are also carried out in the subfloor, but when the wells are expanded in the upper three layers and the wells are drilled with a diameter of 500 mm without expansion in the lower fourth layer.

 With a thickness of the strata of 6.2 7.1 m, a four-layer excavation is provided, but when four sub-floor drifts are made in the sub-floor, the two upper and two lower ones to ensure the expansion of wells in all four layers. With a thickness of strata of 7.1 7.4, all four layers are drilled with the expansion of wells to a diameter of 1300 mm.

 With a reservoir thickness of 7.5, drilling in subfloors is carried out in five layers. To ensure this option, the location, configuration and cross section of four sub-floor excavation drifts changes.

 With the thickness of the strata 7.5 8.1 m, a significant concentration of drilling machines used for drilling and expansion of wells is achieved. At the same time, it is envisaged to have nine drilling rigs, five of them in expansion mode. With a reservoir thickness of 8.2 m or more, it is planned to have ten drilling rigs at the same time. Such a number of machines will allow for a drilling and expansion mode of 0.8 m / min and 50% use of machine time to provide a load in the sub-floor of the excavation field in the amount of 5 6 thousand tons per day. Given the yield of coal during the destruction of interwell pillars, this volume increases by 1.2 1.4 times.

 The closest analogue of the proposed method is the method from the book of A. P. Sudoplatov and K. I. Ivanov "New high-performance methods of coal mining", Gosgortekhizdat, 1962, p. 100-101, characterized by the following combination of a sand-track method of underground mining of coal seams with a capacity of up to 1 m, including the pressure of the excavation field on the sub-floors by conducting workings, excavating coal by drilling forward wells from transport openings to ventilation drifts, drilling the wells backward, followed by extraction in the same way interwell pillars.

 Distinctive features of the claimed method in comparison with the specified analogue and prototypes provide a significant reduction in the complexity and material consumption of the development of seams in similar mining and geological conditions, a high concentration of work on the preparation and excavation of coal in excavation fields (blocks), the exclusion of heavy and manual work and a significant increase in safety and production culture.

 Thus, the above distinguishing features and advantages of the claimed object satisfy the criterion of significant differences.

 In FIG. 1 shows a excavation field (block) of a steeply inclined formation with a thickness of 1.0 4.1 m, worked out by one or two layers when two drifts are carried out in the sub-floor, in FIG. 2 a excavation field (block) of a steeply inclined formation with a thickness of 4.2 5.7 m, treated with three layers during three excavation drifts in the sub-floor, in FIG. 3 is a section of the formation along the upper sub-floor when processing a formation with a thickness of 4.1 m in two layers, in FIG. 4 is a section of the formation along the upper sub-floor when mining layers of 4.2 m 5.7 m in three layers, in FIG. 5 a mining field (block) of a steeply inclined formation with a thickness of 6.2 7.1 m, worked out by four layers during four sub-floor drifts in the sub-floor, in FIG. 6, a section of the formation along the upper sub-floor during mining of a 7.1-m-thick four-layer formation; in FIG. 7 device for crushing crosshole pillars and a diagram of the performance of these works.

The excavation field with an inclined height of 60 120 m is divided into three sub-floors with a height of 20 30 m, leaving 3 to 4 m between the sub-floor pillars. When working out the formations with one or two layers, a ventilation pit 1 and a sub-floor pit 2 are used in the upper sub-floor, in the second and subsequent floors two sub-floor excavation drifts. When mining layers with three and four layers in the sub-floor, at a lower power level, an additional third underground excavation drift 3 is passed at the transport level, with a higher power, an additional fourth ventilation layer drift at the hanging side 5. During mining of more powerful layers, four and five layers in the sub-floor also pass four drift: two venting excavation drifts at the hanging and lying sides of the formation and two at the transport level - sub-floor excavation drifts also at both sides of the formation. It is proposed to drill strata with a thickness of 8.9 m in five layers with a borehole diameter of each layer of 1.3 m. With a greater thickness of strata and their excavation using six and seven layers, six drifts should be carried out in the sub-floor, three at the ventilation level and three at the transport level, etc. d. Between the sides of the extended wells both along strike and dip, it is planned to leave pillars of 0.5 m in size, drilling rigs are located in the drifts at a minimum distance from each other, taking into account the necessary clearances and ensuring the transmission of the drilling tool from machine to machine 4. Crushing device cross-hole pillars consists of two two-piston power cylinders 7, 10, rigidly connected to each other at an angle of 90 ^o 9, on the piston rods 8, 11 on the ball bearings - 14 are oval plates 6. On the power cylinders nipples for connecting flexible hoses for supplying fluid to the supra-piston cavity 12 and the sub-piston 13 are installed; the upper cylinder has a device for connecting to a supporting rope 15. A crushing device is moved in the well on the rope using a winch 16 and block 21. Using drilling rigs 20 direct drilling of wells 19, after drilling on a vent (upper) drift, the drilling tool is suspended 17, using a second drilling machine after attaching a backstop expander extends 18, 22. A crushing device 23 is lowered into the back widened well. When the formation is cut into one layer, crushing of the pillars is performed by one cylinder in the direction of strike 24, when cutting several layers both along the strike and across the strike. As a result of the destruction of the pillars, cavities 24 are formed.

 With significant changes in the angle of incidence within the height of the floor, the sub-floor is reduced to 8 10 cm. A high concentration of work in the extraction field (block) in this case is achieved by conducting work on excavation simultaneously in several floors.

 The proposed method using a bucket track development system allows to significantly increase the concentration of work in the excavation field (block), to simultaneously carry out work in several floors with a significant speed of their advancement when using small-sized, easily moving and mounted, of the same type for the conditions of the entire range of developed layers of mechanized equipment works. The indicated advantages of the proposed method can significantly increase productivity and labor safety while reducing labor and material costs and an insignificant level of coal losses.

Claims (1)

 Burshtrekovy method of underground mining of inclined, steeply inclined and steep coal seams, including dividing the excavation field into sub-floors by conducting horizontal workings, excavating coal by drilling forward wells from transport workings into ventilation drifts, drilling the wells backward and then extracting the inter-pillar pillars, characterized in that the excavation coal in the sub-floor is carried out in layers, dispersal the operation of drilling and drilling wells and extraction of inter-pillar pillars along the strike and by reservoir power, while the extraction of cross-hole pillars is carried out by destruction due to rock pressure or crushing hydraulic devices located in the wells on the ropes, moving them in the layer from the bottom up and from the soil to the roof in the layers.

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