RU2521987C1 - Selecting working of unworked edge of upland mineral deposit quarry working zone - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method comprises opening of deposit by galleries at quarry unworked edge, working of deposit in blocks with excavation of minerals by chambers, release of crushed mineral to underground openings and bringing it to grass. Note here that deposit is developed by galleries at dividing unworked edge to horizons equal to height of production bench. Charges are laid in gallery blast-holes and wells. Cut opening is produced by blasting blast-hole and well charges of the gallery central group. Rock is excavated and loaded to carries via loading funnels. Blast-hole and well charges are blasted to force the deposit of the gallery flank groups to cut opening. Conical bank of blasted rock is formed, loaded and transported. Deposits of central and two flank directions are developed to isolate prior development zones by quality of mineral stock.

EFFECT: creation of working zone in central and two flank directions at unworked edge at selective working of deposits.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the open development of steeply dipping and inclined deposits of mineral raw materials.

A known method of refinement of quarries [Kuznetsov N.N. RF patent No. 2077674, published on 04/20/1997, cl. E21C 41/26], according to which wells are drilled with a depth exceeding the design depth of production, mining the array in the production loops and transporting the rock mass, after the side is detuned along a contour changed from the design to the intermediate bottom of the well pit within the limits of the mineral, they are drilled and blown to the depth providing its excavation outside the project bottom. New in the method is that after detuning the side along the contour changed relative to the project to the intermediate bottom of the quarry, wells within the mineral are drilled and blown to a depth that ensures its excavation outside the project bottom in the volume determined from the expression:

$$V_{\partial }\ge \left[Vb-\frac{V\mathrm{at}C\mathrm{at}}{\gamma \cdot \left(\mathrm{Ts}-\mathrm{FROM}d\right)}\right]\cdot \mathrm{TO}R+VbR,$$

where V∂ is the volume of loosened mineral taken out beyond the project bottom by 1 l.m. the length of the side, m ³ ; Vb and Vbr - the volume of minerals left in the sides of the quarry, respectively, in its entirety and in a loosened mass per 1 meter the length of the side, m ³ ; Sv and Sd - respectively, the prime cost of stripping of actual mining operations, rubles / m, rubles / m ³ ; γ is the density of the mineral in its entirety, m ³ / t; C - the price of minerals, rubles / t; Cr - coefficient of loosening of the mineral.

The disadvantages of this method are the presence of technological pillars left in the quarry, which increase the operational loss of the mineral. The possibility of using this method appears only when the final depth of the quarry is reached. A positive effect is achieved by lowering mining operations. Difficulties in mining operations on twin and constructed mining ledges.

The prototype of the invention is [Hofer Hans, Cerney E.I. Patent No. 205 9810, published May 10, 1996, class. E21C 41/00] a method for developing steeply dipping deposits, which involves opening a deposit using an underground mining system and wells drilled from the day surface, forming excavation chambers from the wells with inter-chamber pillars remaining, and discharging the destroyed mineral from the mining chambers to the underground mine workings, followed by issuing them to the surface. The development of the field is carried out in the direction from the lying to the hanging side.

The disadvantages of this method are the gross mining of reserves in one direction of the development of the working area of the quarry. The difficulty of preserving the worked out space intended for transporting the recaptured mineral, as well as for unloading stresses in the roof of a mine. The development of reserves is carried out directly in the working area on the working ledges of the quarry.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a working zone in the central and two flank directions in the idle side of the opencast mine quarry of mineral raw materials with selective mining, excluding the operation of mine workings for transportation of mined minerals by mass collapse of a rock mass, including non-working ledges of the quarry.

The problem is solved in that the development of the reserves of the non-working side of the working area of the open pit mine upstream mineral deposits includes the opening of galleries with galleries in the open side of the pit, the development of reserves by blocks with the extraction of minerals by chambers, the release of the destroyed minerals to underground workings and its delivery to the day surface, according to According to the invention, the reserves are opened by adits, dividing the non-working side of the open pit into horizons equal to the height of the production ledge, the adit is equipped with charges in purah and boreholes, form a cutting gap by blasting holes and bore charges of the central group of adits, remove and immerse the rock mass in vehicles through the discharge funnel, break off stocks of flank groups of adits into the cutting gap by blasting drill holes and bore charges, form a conical dump from the broken rock mass, immersed and transported minerals, mined reserves in the central and two flanking directions, highlighting priority mining zones for quality Wu minerals.

Conducted mine workings (adits) ensure the placement of borehole and borehole charges inside the slope mass, which, knowing the structure and properties of the host rocks, allows blasting to collapse more efficiently to specified conditions by the size of the collapse of the slope massif and with the lowest economic cost (there are no costs for maintenance of the developed space for the period of exploitation of the quarry). When carrying out a blasting collapse using boreholes, the bulk of the blast energy is spent on crushing the rocks to the specified parameters from the inside of the slope array, using the stress energy accumulated in the set of natural equilibrium and reference pressure, unloading these stresses into the worked out space. The energy of the borehole charge is spent on the creation of micro- and macrocracks in the slope, weakening the bearing capacity of the rocks, by destroying their continuity.

Figure 1 schematically shows the location of the opening tunnels on board the quarry; figure 2 - schematically depicts a flow chart of mining flank reserves of idle side of the quarry; figure 3 is a section aa in figure 2.

The method of working off the reserves of the non-working side of the working zone of the open-pit mine upstream mineral deposits is as follows.

First, the parameters of the working area of the quarry, which must be formed, are set (calculated), and the slope is divided into horizons equal to the height of the production ledge h _y with angle α, then the opening workings (adits) of 1, 2, 3 design parameters are carried out: length L _pcs and location in space. On the lower horizon is adit 3, in which an exhaust funnel is arranged to release the rock mass. The central vertical group of tunnels 2 is used to create a free cavity for the entire length of the tunnels, which is then cut into a cutting slot. The flank reserves of adits 1 on the quarry board are beaten off into the cutting slot using boreholes and borehole charges, form a conical dump 4 from the broken rock mass, ship to vehicles and thereby create a working area in three directions: central and two flank. After mining reserves of flank adits 1, develop reserves of the lower adit 3, containing the outlet funnel. The preparation of stocks of the lower adit is carried out using boreholes and borehole charges to the conditions of loading and transportation of minerals. After the clearing of the reserves of adit 3 on the lower horizon form a working platform In _p . After that, the mineral reserves of the flanking working zones are worked out until a minimum working platform is formed on the lower horizon B _p . The broken rock mass is loaded and transported to processing plants (factories) via transport berms b. After loading the destroyed rock mass into vehicles, a working zone is formed for the development of the mining front in the central and two flanking directions, as well as a working platform that allows you to place mining equipment. In such a way formed in a working platform placed gornodobychnoe _p equipment for working stocks selective manner with the drop of mineral bodies at an angle β. To do this, a cutting trench is carried out at the working site, priority mining zones are identified for the quality of mineral raw materials and worked out in a descending order to the design depth of the quarry.

Claims (1)

The method of working off the reserves of the non-working side of the working zone of the open-pit mine deposits of mineral raw materials includes opening the galleries with galleries in the non-working side of the quarry, mining the blocks with the extraction of minerals by chambers, releasing the destroyed minerals to underground workings and delivering them to the day surface, characterized in that the opening of reserves produced by adits, dividing the non-working side of the quarry into horizons equal to the height of the production ledge, the adit is equipped with charges in holes and boreholes, formed from a tear gap by blasting the boreholes and bore charges of the central adit group, take out and submerge the rock mass in vehicles through the discharge funnel, break the stock of flank groups of adits into the cutting gap by blasting the boreholes and bore charges, form a conical dump from the broken rock mass, immerse and they transport minerals, work out reserves in the central and two flanking directions, highlighting priority mining zones for the quality of mineral raw materials.

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