RU2725353C1 - Method for development of flat dipping narrow veins - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to method of developing flat dipping narrow veins. Method of developing flat dipping narrow veins involves conducting preparatory and rifled openings, location of vein near soil of mining face, separation of enclosing rock and vein by successive blasting of rows of wells in enclosing rock and explosive stripping of vein, delivery of vein from cleaning chamber. In enclosing rock is drilled over the vein at angle of 45° relative to the borehole face surface, the enclosing rock is beaten by the explosion force into the cleaning chamber space. At the end of the roof collapse, the cleaning chamber is partially cleaned from the broken rock. Boreholes are drilled in a vein perpendicularly to a plane of a bottomhole in several rows with double density of boreholes in each of the below located rows. Explosive substance is charged with an upper borehole and every second one in each of the lower rows, with reduction of the amount of explosive in the rows from bottom to top. Vein mass is beaten with minimum movement along the cleaning chamber.EFFECT: provision of qualitative development of narrow veins with minimum labor costs.3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and mining, and in particular to methods for the development of minerals and can be used to develop gently dipping low-power conductors [E21C37 / 16, E21C41 / 16, E21C41 / 22].

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A METHOD FOR UNDERGROUND DEVELOPMENT OF SHALLOW AND INCLINED ORE BODIES OF SMALL POWER [RU2441162 (C1), publ.: 01/27/2012], in which block reserves are mined in sections, the size of each of which in the direction of maximum variability of the ore body shape is set constant and determined by technological conditions. The ore and rock are broken in sections in two stages in the treatment block. At the first stage, due to crushing and blasting of waste rock, cut according to the technological conditions to the ore body from the side of the hanging or lying side, a rock shaft adjacent to the bottom line of the beaten section is formed. Its compactness is ensured by successive breaking in the beating section of the rock layers of variable width, decreasing in the direction from the bottom line of the beating section into the interior of the array. The rock shaft formed in such a way from the crushed and discarded rock explosion is left in the worked-out space of the treatment unit. At the second stage, the ore body is beaten off at the place of occurrence with the subsequent delivery of only broken ore from the treatment unit.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the low productivity of ore breaking due to increased dilution and loss of ore when it is extracted from the block due to the imposition of ore and rock bulk.

A METHOD FOR DEVELOPING LOW-CAPID SLIDES AND TILTED ORE VEINS [RU2397324 (C1), publ.: 08.20.2010], including the preparation and cutting workings, along the strike of the ore vein of the underlying transport excavation with subversion of the soil of the ore vein, transport development of a mobile sectional partition, drilling, loading explosives (ore) of ore and rock boreholes, joint breaking of ore by adjacent runs, offset relative to each other along the strike of the ore core by the amount of withdrawal per cycle, by short-term and slower blasting of explosive charges ahead of the ore explosion holes in an adjacent run relative to the blasting of ore holes in the first run, the formation of an overlying sub-floor mine in the ore and soil of the ore vein in the same cycle as breaking the ore, moving the broken ore into the underlying transport mine, and the rocks on the soil of the overlying mine, fixing the mine , shipment of broken ore by a loading and delivery machine and stripping of the ore face, moving the movable sectional partition by the amount of care per cycle, shipment of the rock from the overlying sub-floor mine and moving it to the treatment space below, characterized in that the overlying sub-floor mine is formed with an explosion of the enclosing rocks soils and roofs in such a way that the soil of the overlying sub-floor mine is mated with the soil of the treatment area of worked openings, then an additional movable sectional partition is installed in the treatment area, moreover, drilling of ore and rock boreholes is carried out in four adjacent openings, while drilling of ore holes in the first and second the drillings are carried out from the underlying transport mine, the drilling of ore holes in the third drill are carried out from the overlying floor workings through the leading slot of the fourth drill formed in the previous cycle, and the drilling of rock holes in the fourth drill is from the butt and overlying mine workings, while blasting ore holes and rock holes in all adjacent runs is carried out in one cycle, and blasting drill holes in the fourth drill ahead of the blasting time of ore holes in the third drill with the rejected rock being discarded into the overlying mine drill, and blasting of ore holes in the third run is carried out alternately from bottom to top in the uprising of the ore vein with millisecond intervals of deceleration between them and ahead of the time of blasting of the ore holes in the second run with the rejected ore being thrown into the treatment area downward by the fall of the ore vein, and the blasting of ore holes in the second sinking is carried out sequentially, starting from the treatment space deep into the massif along the strike of the ore vein with millisecond intervals of deceleration between them and ahead of the time when the ore holes were blown up in the first call with the rejected ore being thrown into the treatment space, and ore blasting drills in the first run are produced similarly to the blasting of ore holes in the second run with the rejected ore being dumped into the treatment space and into the underlying transport excavation, then the broken ore is moved to the underlying transport excavation and the residual of the broken ore in the treatment space is cleaned with a high-pressure jet of water supplied from the self-propelled water supply machines from the overlying sub-floor mine, and then they dismantle the additional mobile sectional partition in the treatment space and move it by the amount of cleaning per cycle following the advancement of the cleaning operations, then the broken rock from the overlying sub-floor mine is moved into the free space of the worked openings for the specified additional mobile sectional partition by means of a loading and delivery machine.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the increased dilution of the vein mass, due to the high power of the explosions and the additional destruction of the roof of the treatment chamber and the collapse of the waste rock to the beaten-off vein mass.

The closest in technical essence is the METHOD OF UNDERGROUND DEVELOPMENT OF LOW-POWER VEINS [RU2418167 (C1), publ.: 05/10/2011], which includes the preparation and cutting workings, the ore clearing by cutting along strike with breaking through wells drilled from drilling workings, separation ores and rocks in the process of breaking and the issuance of rock mass, characterized in that the core is left in the roof or soil of the working face, and the ore and rock are separated during explosive breaking of the section by moving in mutually perpendicular directions, cut empty rocks by sequentially blasting the rows of wells from the exposed plane deep into the massif, they are discarded by an explosion in the direction opposite to the movement of the working face, and they are left in the worked-out space of the treatment unit, and then the core is beaten by simultaneously blasting all the wells with the rejected core mass by an explosion in a direction perpendicular to the direction of rock rejection - along the normal line oh extraction capacity: from the roof to the soil or from the soil to the roof - and issue it from the treatment unit.

The main technical problem is the high complexity of the development, due to the workings in two perpendicular directions, as well as the need for an increased charge in the bores that beat the vein mass, which leads to excessive grinding of the vein mass and, accordingly, an increase in the loss of useful component.

The objective of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype.

The technical result of the invention is the provision of high-quality development of low-power conductors with minimal labor.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the method for the development of shallow low-power conductors, including the preparation and cutting workings, the location of the core near the surface of the stope, the separation of the host rock and the core by sequentially blasting the rows of wells in the host rock and the explosive beating of the core, issuing vein mass from the treatment chamber, characterized in that the host rock is drilled in the host rock above the core at an angle of 45 ° relative to the face plane, blasting the host rock into the space by cleaning the chamber, at the end of the roof collapse, the treatment chamber is partially cleaned from the broken rock, drilled in the vein perpendicular to the face plane in several rows of holes with a double density of holes in each of the lower rows, charge the upper explosive and through one in each of the lower rows of holes with a decrease in the amount of explosive in rows from the bottom up, beat the vein mass with its minimum shift by cleaning the chamber.

In particular, a partial cleaning of the treatment chamber from the broken rock is carried out near the exit of the core.

In particular, the amount of explosive is reduced in rows from the bottom up, with the possibility of directing the energy of the explosion to empty holes.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the first stage of the treatment cycle.

Figure 2 shows a diagram of the second stage of the treatment cycle.

Figure 3 shows a diagram of the third stage of the treatment cycle.

Figure 4 shows the location of the holes in the core.

The figures indicate: 1 - host rock, 2 - core, 3 - treatment chamber, 4 - broken rock, 5 - holes, 6 - gangue mass, 7 - charged holes, 8 - "empty" holes.

The implementation of the invention

The body is usually called a body, formed as a result of filling a crack with mineral substances in any rocks. If the vein has not vertical but inclined fall, the rocks that lie above the vein are called the hanging side, and the rocks that lie under the vein are called the lying side of the vein. The surface on which the vein mineral substance is in contact with the lateral rock is called zalband. The sizes of the veins are very diverse. Their length is measured in tens of meters, the first hundreds of meters, less often kilometers, and sometimes tens of kilometers.

The thickness of the veins varies from tenths of a meter to tens of meters. By the fall, the veins sometimes wedge out quite quickly, but can stretch to a considerable depth exceeding a kilometer.

The core power rarely remains constant; usually it changes both along the strike and along the fall of the vein, then it increases in places of blowing up, then decreases in places of pinch. Lived; characterized by swelling, following one after another, is called cicatricial. If these blows are close to each other, the core is considered distinct.

Wedging out can be simple, dull and complex. With a simple wedging out, the core power gradually decreases down to zero. With a blunt wedging, the core power abruptly breaks. With a complex wedging out, the veins are divided into a number of separate protrusions, or so-called fingers. Veins can be variously located among enclosing rocks. In accordance with this, formation veins are distinguished that occur according to the bedding of rocks, and secant veins that are located in disagreement with the bedding or shale of the enclosing rocks. As noted earlier, the veins lying in the cavities of the exfoliation of anticlinal folds are called saddle-shaped.

Complex forms of ore bodies are widespread. They are found mainly among epigenetic deposits. Complex reservoir formations are sometimes observed in syngenetic deposits. In this case, they observe an alternation of layers of minerals with layers of waste rock.

OWNING ROCK (a. Enclosing rock, adjoining rock; n. Nebengestein, Floznebengestein; f. Roche encaissante, eponte; and. Roca encajonante, hastiales) - rock in which an ore deposit is located, lived or other geological body with a mineral.

A hole is an artificial cylindrical recess in a solid medium (rock, concrete) with a diameter of up to 75 mm and a depth of 5 m. They are used to place charges during blasting, to install anchor supports, inject water or cement into the surrounding rock mass, etc. .

Chamber - underground mining, having a relatively large transverse dimensions of small length; It is intended for placement of functional technological devices, equipment, materials, inventory, etc., as well as for conducting treatment works with a chamber development system and a chamber-pillar development system. A treatment chamber is a mining mine with a short face (up to 12-16 m), bounded on the sides by an array or pillars of a mineral, and not having direct access to the earth's surface.

A method of developing a dipping low-power veins is as follows.

When conducting mining preparatory and rifling operations, a working face is positioned so that the developed core 2 with minerals is located as close as possible to the working soil (see Figure 1).

To ensure the technological process and relatively comfortable working conditions, the vertical power of the treatment chamber 3 is taken from 1.2 to 1.8 meters with the possibility of providing the power of the treatment chamber 3, which allows personnel and equipment to accommodate and work.

At the first stage of the treatment cycle, drill holes 5 with a diameter of 40-42 mm are drilled along the host rock 1 above the core 2, while the holes 5 are placed at an angle of 45 ° relative to the face plane. The increase in the diameter of the holes 5 and the charges placed in them increases the uneven crushing of the enclosing rock 1 and affects the accuracy of the contouring of the output. An increase in the diameter of the holes 5 and, accordingly, the diameter of the explosive cartridge leads to an increase in the zone of destruction of the massif and, consequently, to a decrease in rock stability. Explosives are laid in drilled holes 5 with the possibility of delivering the maximum part of the broken rock 4 into the spent space of the treatment chamber 3 by the force of the explosion.

After blasting operations on the host rocks 1 and the end of the roof collapse process (dome set), the treatment chamber 3 is cleaned from broken rock 4 (see Fig. 2).

At the second stage, drill holes 5 with a diameter of 40-42 mm are drilled for explosive destruction (softening) of core 2, in rows perpendicular to the face plane (see figure 2), while in the bottom row contour-line drilling is carried out, in which the number of holes is 5 in the lower rows perform twice as much as in the upper rows (see Fig. 4). After drilling, the bore holes 5 are charged with explosive charges, while every second bore 5 is charged in the lower horizontal row, and the amount of explosive charge is reduced up and down in horizontal rows with the possibility of directing the explosion energy to the "empty" bore holes 8 and destruction of the gangue mass 6 with minimal movement of the blasted vein mass 6 along the treatment chamber 3.

Blasting parameters are calculated for each specific mining block taking into account its strength and specified at the beginning of development by experimental explosions.

At the third stage, the vein mass 6 is accumulated on the soil of the treatment chamber 3 (see Fig. 3), after a sufficient amount of the accumulated vein mass 6, it is delivered to the discharge vessels (not shown in the figures) and delivered to the mountain.

The technical result of the invention is to ensure the high-quality development of low-power conductors with minimal labor is achieved due to the fact that during explosive breaking, the broken rock 4 and the gangue 6 are separated in one treatment chamber 3 by phased blasting and moving into the treatment chamber 3 of the enclosing rock 1 and the gangue 6 the force of the explosion of explosive charges embedded in the bore holes 5, made at an angle of 45 ° in the enclosing rock 1 and perpendicularly in the core 2 relative to the face plane, while drilling the holes 5 in the core 2 is performed by the contour-stitch method, in which the holes 5 are drilled in several rows with a double density of holes 5 in each of the lower rows, and charging with explosive is performed in each upper and through one in each of the lower rows with a decrease in the amount of explosive in rows from the bottom up with the possibility of minimal crushing, maximum directional splitting and minimal movement of the blasted vein mass 6 in the sewage treatment plant least 3.

Claims (3)

1. A method of developing shallow low-power conductors, which includes preparatory and rifting workings, the location of the core near the bottom of the working face, the separation of the host rock and the core by sequentially blasting the rows of wells in the host rock and the explosive beating of the core, issuing the vein mass from the treatment chamber, characterized the fact that they drill in the host rock above the vein at an angle of 45 ° relative to the face plane of the hole, beat the host rock into the space with a blast cleaning chamber, after the collapse of the roof partially clear the treatment chamber from the broken rock, drill in the core perpendicular to the face plane in several rows of holes with a double density of holes in each of the rows below, charge the upper explosive and through one in each of the rows below the holes, reducing the amount of explosive in the rows from the bottom up, beat the vein mass with minimal movement along the treatment chamber. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the partial cleaning of the treatment chamber from the broken rock is carried out near the exit of the core. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the amount of explosive is reduced in rows from bottom to top with the possibility of directing the energy of the explosion to empty holes.

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