RU2297533C1 - Method for reclamation of open mines - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry.

SUBSTANCE: method includes separation of fertile layer during opening of mineral resources and stocking of rock during extraction of same, planning of open mines by backfill with rock and application of fertile layer with restoration of vegetation in accordance to land usage direction. During backfill of rocks into open mines, inclined trench is made from earth surface to open part of exposed formation outlet being left in sides of mine, which provides access and following underground extraction of left deposit resources, and is meant to be a part of payable area.

EFFECT: combination of coal extractive processes with reclamation of lands and preservation of access to concealed resources for their later extraction.

4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and serves to reduce the area of disturbed lands, the volume of reclamation of open pit mines, as well as providing access to the discovered reserves for working them underground.

There is a method of developing steeply dipping seams in an open way, including conducting exit and split trenches in the overburden, conducting entrance and split trenches along the mineral layer with subsequent mining of one or both sides of the cutting trenches in the direction of the formation strike [1], in which the surface restoration is carried out after mining reserves in undeveloped formations.

The disadvantage of this method is the high cost of the subsequent refinement of the reserves by the underground method, left at the bottom of the trench and the sides associated with the need to open the lower horizons with underground workings - trunks and crosshairs.

Known is a combined method of developing mineral deposits, where the upper horizons of the field are mined by a quarry, and the lower by open-underground and underground tiers [2].

The disadvantage of this method is the inability to carry out work on the restoration of the surface during underground mining.

There is a method of land reclamation [3], including the formation of the soil layer characterized in that the soil layer is formed by adding to the soil after preliminary fighting complex mixtures of plant species of oligotrophic nature with a wide ecological range, using a grass mixture consisting of three groups of main plant species or their substitute.

A known method of land reclamation [4], including the formation of the soil layer by applying a complex grass mixture consisting of three groups of main plant species or replacing them into bare soil after preliminary drilling, while replacing the soil, determine the minimum mass of species seeds in each group according to the formula: m = ga / 2 / b, where m is the minimum mass of seeds, a is the number of species in the group, g is the specific gravity of seeds, b is the number of species in the group of the real mixture.

There is a method of reclamation of land disturbed during mining [5], including surface planning, introduction of coal waste before plowing, sowing plant seeds and inoculation with a strain with sowing plant seeds, while the culture is taken in an amount of 100-200 g / ha.

A known method of restoring disturbed lands during open pit mining [6], including separate excavation, moving and storing soil layers and overburden in separate tape heaps, processing the quarry field and leveling it with overburden, laying geotextile non-woven material from synthetic fibers, placing grass seeds and backfilling with a soil layer 50-100 mm high, on the surface of which a chemical ameliorant is applied.

A common drawback of these methods is the lack or difficulty of access to the abandoned underground reserves after restoration work.

The closest technical solution adopted for the prototype is a method for developing the upper horizons of minerals [7], in which the opening of the deposit and subsequent extraction of the mineral is carried out in parallel trenches, the upper contours of which are removed from each other at a certain distance, and the opening is carried out in stages with deepened trenches with the excavation of the inter-trench mass by open pits towards the center until complete merging into one pit by the time the final depth of the eff tive field recesses which underground works pogorizontno removed from the outer sides of the trenches to the boundaries of the field.

The disadvantage of this method is the prolonged adverse environmental situation in mining areas due to the lack of the possibility of carrying out work on the restoration of the surface during the mining of reserves left underground.

Comparison of the proposed solution with the prototype and similar solutions known from the existing level of technology allows us to establish its compliance with the patentability criteria of "novelty" and "inventive step".

The objectives of the invention is to combine the processes of coal mining with land reclamation and maintaining access to discovered reserves for their subsequent refinement.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that when laying rocks into open mines from the surface of the earth, an inclined trench is formed to leave the open part of the exposed formation in the sides of the mine, which provides access and subsequent underground mining of the reserves of the deposit and will be part of the industrial site, and when mine reclamation with reserves of coal, prone to spontaneous combustion produce isolation of the left open part of the exposed seam in the sides of the mining heel, thus making handling naked antipirogennuyu exit the formation into boards of mines, and at its flooding leaves the trench is formed from a bead vodonerazmokaemyh rocks.

The essence of the method is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 presents a General top view of the mine field of the section before reclamation.

Figure 2 presents a General top view of the mine field of the section after reclamation.

Figure 3 presents a side view of the mine field of the section after reclamation.

Figure 4-5 presents options for side views of the mine field of the section after reclamation when isolating the layers with clay mud and flooding the trench.

The method of reclamation of open mines is implemented as follows.

On the opened trench 1, taking into account the terrain, the convenience of transport access and the provision of mine drainage, a site for the underground mining is to be selected for subsequent mining of reserves by the underground method and the side of the section is laid out, the rock from the elevated side of the section, overburden from the sides, and also the fertile layer is laid on the inside dumps of the spent mine field 3, i.e. they carry out engineering reclamation (planning) 4, and then conduct biological reclamation together with the development of the main reserves from the split trench.

When preserving the remaining reserves, prone to spontaneous combustion, the outcrops are treated with antipyrogens and insulated with a clay solution 6, and when the outcrops of formations 7 are flooded with water 8, the sides of the trench 9 are formed from water-impermeable rocks.

The proposed method allows to reduce the time of land reclamation and to provide access to the discovered reserves for working out by underground methods.

Literature

1. Mining / Yu.P. Astafiev, V. G. Banznyukov, O. G. Shepun, G. S. Sulima, B. C. Polyansky. - M .: Nedra, 1980 .-- S.14-15.

2. A combined method of developing mineral deposits. A.S. USSR No. 1439240, M.Kl. E21C 41/02.

3. The method of land reclamation. RF patent No. 95113954, АВВ 79/02 Zarubin S.I., Loginov L.F., Ryzhuk N.V. et al. 1995.08.03. Publ. 1997.10.10.

4. The method of land reclamation. A.C. No. 95113954/13, A01B 79/02. Zarubin S.I., Loginov L.F., Ryzhuk N.V. et al. 1995.08.03. Publ. 1998.01.20.

5. A method of reclamation of land disturbed during coal mining. RF patent No. 94023111/15. Krasavin A.P., Kataeva I.V., Vasilyeva S.V. et al. 1994.06.15. Publ. 1997.02.10.

6. A method of recovering disturbed deposits from open pit mining. RF patent No. 96111633/13. Gerasimov V.M., Karasev K.I., Rashkin A.V. 1996.06.07. Publ. 1998.04.27.

7. A way to develop upper horizons of minerals. RF patent No. 97101942. Atrushkevich A.A., Atrushkevich V.A. and etc.

Claims (4)

1. The method of reclamation of open mines, including the separation of the fertile layer at the opening of mineral reserves and storage of rocks during their development, the planning of open mines by laying rock and applying a fertile layer with restoration of vegetation in accordance with the direction of land use, characterized in that when laying rocks in open mines from the surface of the earth, an inclined trench is formed to leave the open part of the exposed bed in the sides ornoy generation, which provides access and the subsequent testing of underground reserves left to deposit and will be part of the industrial site. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the reclamation of the mine workings with coal reserves prone to spontaneous combustion, the left open part of the exposed seam outlet is insulated in the sides of the mine. 3. The method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that they produce anti-pyrogenic treatment of the naked formation in the sides of the mine workings. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that when the left trench is flooded, its sides are formed from water-impermeable rocks.

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