RU2737300C1 - Method of accelerated mechanohydraulic recultivation of mined space of open mine workings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to recovery of lands disturbed by open development. To implement the method of accelerated mechanohydraulic reclamation of the mined space of open mine workings, the dam is dumped or washed for the overburden hydropump. Pulp duct is laid on ledge of section or dam of filled map. Rock is washed and the map is filled, water is drained through the dam body and tubular drainages in the dam. Drain water discharge is carried out via pipes on the dam external slope into the drainage trenches of the section, which are hydraulically connected to the section settling tank. Water is fed for pulp forming. Pulp is fed on hydraulic pad. In the body of the dam, uniformly and stepwise tubular drainages are laid along the length of the dam with inclination angle of 5-6° towards section. Tubular drainages on the side of hydraulic dump are closed by louvered plate with horizontal arrangement of slots with width of 10 mm, and rigidly connected to drain tube upper edge gate, having gap with lower edge of drain tube 50 mm. Damper area is equal to drain tube cross-section and has a round shape. On the side of the section tubular drains are connected to tubular spillways laid on the slope of the dam and dropping drainage water into the drain groove of the section laid along the section dam. Drainage ditch is connected to the system of drain ditches, which discharge water into the settling tank, divided into two parts by a floating partition for contaminated and settled water. In the part with settled water there is a floating pontoon with a pumping unit for water supply through the water duct for pulp forming. Rock is washed up and the card is filled in succession from the section located on the diametrically opposite side from the lower tubular drainage in reverse. Wash-in from the area of the lower tubular drainage to the upper one is performed by direct movement with building up the pulp-line. Cut and expandable pulp laying on the ledge of the cut or the bank dam, has uniformly located outlets with shutoff valves, to which can be connected flexible hoses for quality of card filling after soil compaction.EFFECT: accelerated precipitation of suspended particles, drainage of water from the hydraulic dam and increased stability of the dam.1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The method of accelerated reclamation of the worked-out area of open mine workings serves for hydraulic filling of the worked-out area of open mine workings with rocks of external dumps and can be used for recultivation of disturbed lands in various industries.

The known method of reclamation of open mine workings (RF Patent No. 2297533. IPC E21C 41/32 (2006.01) authors and patented. Senkus V.V., Fomichev S.G., Senkus Val. V., Senkus Vas. V. Appl. 26.08 .2005. Publ. 20.04.2007. Bulletin No. 11.

The method includes separating a fertile layer during the opening of mineral reserves and storing rocks during their development, leveling open mine workings by laying rocks and applying a fertile layer with restoration of vegetation in accordance with the direction of land use. Moreover, when laying rocks in open mine workings from the surface of the earth, an inclined trench is formed to the left open part of the exposed seam exit in the sides of the mine workings, which provides access and subsequent underground mining of the remaining reserves of the deposit and will be part of the industrial site.

The technical result is to combine the processes of coal mining with land reclamation and maintain access to the discovered reserves for their subsequent revision.

The disadvantage of this method is the low productivity of backfilling the goaf.

There is a known method of reclamation of open mine workings (RF Patent No. 2655548. IPC E21C 41/32 (2006.01) Patent obl. Ermakov A.Yu. Senkus VV Authors Ermakov A.Yu., Senkus VV, Senkus Val. V. , Senkus Vas. V. et al. Declared 06/26/2017. Published 05/28/2018. Bulletin No. 16.

The method includes separate storage of the fertile layer and overburden rocks during the opening of minerals, backfilling of the mined-out space after mining, compaction and leveling of the surface depending on the selected direction of reclamation, application of a fertile soil layer and restoration of vegetation cover. At the same time, the backfilling of the goaf is carried out in stages: at the first stage, the backfill of the goaf to the level of restoration of the initial hydrological regimes of underground aquifers is carried out by overburden rocks that do not pose a potential environmental hazard to groundwater pollution, forming an aquifer separated from the filled space by a water-resistant layer of clay with a thickness of 0 , 8-1.0 m and / or a cast hardening fill made from waste from household and industrial waste, with a thickness of 0.20-0.30 m, which ensure the watertightness of layers with vertical drainage of water, at the second stage, the remaining mined-out space is filled to the level of cooling of the reclaimed territory with solid household or industrial wastes of IV-V hazard class, ensuring their disposal, which are leveled, compacted and separated by a waterproof clay layer with a thickness of 0.8-1.0 m, at the third stage slopes are cooled over the area of an open mine taking a given slope and the cost of planning the reclaimed surface, and then a waterproof layer of clay 0.5-0.7 m is applied, at the fourth stage, depending on the type of selected plants and the depth of their root system, a layer and / or residual wastewater is applied to the reclaimed area , bottom sludge, animal waste with a thickness of 0.1-0.2 m, a layer of crushed boiler slag with lump sizes of 0-10 mm, or fly ash from a thermal power plant with a capacity of 0.10-0.20 m, or mixed materials in a 1: 1 ratio -1: 2 depending on the type of vegetation with laying in a single layer with a thickness of 0.2-0.6 m, which serves to improve air and moisture permeability, as well as structuring the soil during plowing and harrowing, at the fifth stage, a fertile layer is applied to the reclaimed area with a thickness of 0.15-0.2 m or a potentially fertile soil layer with a thickness of 0.3-0.5 m, into which briquetted fertilizer is introduced from waste water residues at a rate of 100-180 g / m ² to improve fertility, at the sixth stage they produce sowing herbs, planting de reefs and shrubs, selected depending on the direction of land reclamation.

The technical result is the burial of household and industrial waste of IV-V hazard classes, acceleration of the biological stage of reclamation of disturbed lands by creating a layer of top dressing of root systems of planted plants and grasses under the fertile layer and restoring the original hydraulic regimes of the disturbed territory.

The disadvantage of this method is the multistage technology of the bookmark, which reduces its performance.

Various types of drainage passages, cushions and tubular drainages, trays, drainage ditches are known (Nurok G.N., Lugovinov A.G., Sherstyukov A.D. Hydro dumps in open pits. - M .: Nedra, 1977. - 311 p. ( Pp. 123-138), including the formation of cushion passages from aquifers (pebbles, sheben, sand, etc.), laying of pipes made of various materials with and without filters, as well as installing trays and laying drainage ditches at the upper edge of the dam, providing a spillway drainage water.

The main disadvantage of the devices is their clogging during long-term operation.

A complex of mechanohydraulic reclamation of disturbed lands is known (RF Patent No. 2569145. IPC E21C 41/32 (2006.01) Patent. FGBOU VPO "KemSU" VV Authors: Senkus VV, Senkus Val. V., Senkus Vas. B. and others. Appl. 06.08.2014. Publ. 20.11.2015. Bull. No. 32). The complex of mechano-hydraulic reclamation of disturbed lands includes machines, mechanisms, devices combined into a single technological process with a closed water supply cycle and made self-propelled and / or modular, mounted on movable platforms and spaced apart in space and time. The preparation of maps is carried out by self-propelled machines at the bottom of an open mine working by filling and sealing filter dams, on which spillways are mounted, closed from the ingress of floating objects by protective gratings or bulkheads.

The sump for water is divided by a filtering dam with a spillway into a large sump map, into which storm, melt and drainage waters are sent through the gutters on the ledges of an open mine, and a small sump map - a sump, where a slurry pump is placed on a floating pontoon to supply water for slurry formation or the suction of a slurry pump, closed by a protective grate, located on the ledge of an open mine.

The preparation of loose rock mass in a single technological process is divided into stages: excavation, separation of oversized, their crushing and loading of rock mass, which are carried out by machines and mechanisms.

The separation of oversized materials is carried out when the rock mass is excavated from the dumps with a loader bucket and on an inclined protective grate of a roll crusher, which simultaneously transfers pieces of rock mass in sizes suitable for hydraulic transport to a conveyor, crushing with teeth of a roller crusher and transferring pieces of weak rocks to a conveyor, separation and transfer of pieces of solid rocks by teeth installed along a spiral line to a jaw crusher, where they are crushed to sizes suitable for hydraulic transport, and bypass them on a conveyor for delivery to pulp forming into a mixer.

Pulp forming is carried out by mixing the prepared rock mass with water in a ratio of 1: 3-1: 5 in a mixer using mechanical or hydraulic devices. Pressure hydrotransport of the slurry is carried out by a coal pump or a slurry pump through a slurry pipeline, which has slurry outlets distributed over the maps with shut-off valves and devices for turning the flow stream by 90 degrees, which are mounted on the ledges of an open mine and / or dams of maps, while the slurry outlets and outlets are located in diametrically opposite corners of the cards.

The rocks in the maps are washed sequentially from the upper to the lower maps and the sump, while the water is filtered through the body of the dam, and its surplus is purified by a cascade overflow through the spillways into neighboring maps, as well as the large and small maps of the sump, while the size of the small map is regulated by the size of the floating a pontoon or a sump volume equal to 3-5 times the capacity of the slurry pump for water supply to slurry formation.

The flattening of the sides of an open mining is performed after filling in all the maps by a mechanized and / or hydraulic method, taking into account their protection from water erosion and the direction of reclamation of disturbed lands, while determining the indicator of the restoration of the hydrological regime of groundwater. If the indicator of the restoration of the hydrological regime of underground waters is dissatisfied with the condition of complete absorption of storm, melt, waste and drainage waters, the depression of the reclaimed surface is equipped with a spillway of excess water into external water bodies.

The technical result is to reduce the labor intensity of work on the reclamation of disturbed lands and environmental damage to the environment.

The disadvantage of this method is the silting of the drainage paths of the filtering dam and a decrease in the productivity of the laying of maps, as well as the cascade construction of maps of hydraulic dumps.

There are various types of drainage passages, cushions and tubular drains, trays, drainage ditches (Nurok G.N., Lugovinov A.G., Sherstyukov A.D. Hydro dumps in open pits. - M .: Nedra, 1977. - 311 p. ( Pp. 123-138), including the formation of cushion passages from aquifers (pebbles, sheben, sand, etc.), laying of pipes made of various materials with and without filters, as well as the installation of trays and the laying of drainage ditches at the upper edge of the dam, providing a spillway drainage water.

The main disadvantage of the devices is their clogging during long-term operation.

The closest technical solution adopted for the prototype is the method of mechanohydraulic land reclamation (RF Patent No. 2569146. IPC E21C 41/32 (2006.01) Patentobl. FGBOU VPO "KemSU" VV Authors Senkus VV, Senkus Val. ., Senkus Vas. V. et al. Appl. 08/06/2014. Publ. 11/20/2015. Bulletin No. 32).

The method of mechanohydraulic land reclamation includes preparation of maps for receiving pulp, a sump for receiving water, preparation of rock mass from external and / or internal dumps, slurry formation, transportation of pulp into maps, reclamation of rocks in maps, water purification; water supply for pulp forming and flattening of the sides of an open pit. Depending on the depth and volume of the rock mass in the dumps, land reclamation is carried out single-layer or multi-layer, the preparation of maps is carried out at the bottom of an open mine by filling in filter dams located in a cascade with a slope of 5-6 ° towards the water sump, on which spillways are mounted.

The settling tank is located in the deep part of the open mine workings to collect storm water, melt and drainage water. The rock mass is taken out of the dump, crushed for hydraulic transportation, mixed with water in the ratio of solid to liquid by weight 1: 3-1: 5, while the water is used in a closed cycle. The pulp is pumped through distributed slurry discharges into the cards sequentially from top to bottom. The rocks in the maps are washed up to a predetermined mark, and the sump map is filled in last. Water is purified by filtration through the dam body and overflow through spillways. Water supply for slurry formation is carried out from a sump. The flattening of the sides of an open mining is carried out taking into account their protection from water erosion and the direction of land reclamation.

The disadvantage of this method is the silting up of the drainage paths of the filter dam and a decrease in the productivity of laying out maps, as well as cascading construction of maps of hydraulic dumps.

The objectives of the invention are to accelerate the sedimentation of suspended particles, drainage of water from the dump, increase the stability of the dam during the mechanohydraulic reclamation of the worked-out area of open mine workings.

The solution to the tasks is achieved by the fact that: to accelerate the sedimentation of suspended particles, drainage of water from the dump, increase the stability of the dam, it is poured or washed with sorted rocks from 10 to 140 mm in size from overburden dumps, and in the body of the dam, tubular drainages are laid evenly and stepwise along the length of the dam with an inclination angle of 5-6 ° towards the section, which from the side of the hydraulic shaft are closed by a lamellar lattice of the "louver" type with a horizontal arrangement of slots having a width of 10 mm, with an inclination angle of the plates of 55 °, with the upper edges facing towards the water intake, and a valve rigidly connected to the upper edge of the drainage pipe, having a gap with the lower edge of the drainage pipe L = 50 mm, while the area of the valve is equal to the section of the drainage pipe and has a circular shape, and from the side of the cut they are connected to tubular spillways laid on the slope of the dam, which discharge water into the mine drainage ditch, laid along the mine dam and connected to the drainage system ditches discharging water into the open pit settler, divided into two parts by a floating partition for contaminated and settled water, in the last of which there is a floating pontoon with a pumping unit for supplying water through a water conduit to slurry formation; the reclamation of rocks and the filling of the map is carried out sequentially from the section located on the diametrically opposite side of the lower tubular drainage, in reverse, and from the section of the lower tubular drainage to the upper direct course with the extension of the slurry pipeline, while the shortened and expanded slurry line is laid on the ledge of the cut or card dam, has evenly spaced outlets with shut-off valves, to which flexible sleeves can be connected for high-quality card placement after soil compaction; the distance between the drain pipes is equal to the length of the front of the dumping operations, which is determined by the formula of V.A. Melentieva

where F _i is the content of fractions from d ₁₀ to d ₁₄₀ , L _i is the length of the washed-out zone of each of the ix rock fractions, m;

where γ _ci is the specific density of the i-th rock, t / m ³ ; n is the number of rocks; L is the length of the alluvium slope from the outlet to the central part of the pond, and the number of tubular drains is determined as an integer part of the number by the formula

where L _D is the length of the dam, m;

The height of the step H _{1 for} laying tubular drains is determined by the formula

where H is the height of the dam, m, while the upper tubular drainage fits into the body of the dam at a distance of 0.5 m from the side of the section and a depth equal to the calculated value of the wind wave in the pond, and the lower tubular drainage is installed at a distance and height of 1-1.5 m from the side and bottom of the section, and the drainage ditch at the final filling of the map is equipped in the place of the upper pipe drainage using its spillway on the slope of the dam.

The essence of the method is illustrated by drawings: FIG. 1 shows a general view of the filled-in hydraulic dump map; in fig. 2 - the external view of the dam and along the section A-A.

In the drawings, the following symbols are adopted: 1 - dam, 2 - hydraulic dump, 3 - slurry pipeline, 4 - cut ledge, 5 - map, 6 - tubular drainages, 7 - drainage water spillway, 8 - outer slope of the dam, 9 - drainage ditch, 10 - sedimentation tank, 11 - lamellar louvre type, 12 - damper, 13 - slurry outlets with shutoff valves 14, 15 - floating partition, 16 - floating pontoon, 17 - pumping station, 18 - water conduit.

The method of accelerated mechanohydraulic reclamation of the worked-out area of open mine workings includes: filling by vehicles or reclamation of the dam 1 for the dump 2 of overburden; laying slurry pipe 3 on the ledge of section 4 or dam 1; alluvial rocks and filling in map 5; drainage of water through the body of the dam 1 and tubular drains 6 in the dam 1; drainage water spillway 7 through pipes on the outer slope 8 of the dam 1 into the drainage ditches 9 of the section, hydraulically connected to the sedimentation tank 10 of the section, water supply for slurry formation, supply of slurry to the hydraulic filling, differs in that: to accelerate the sedimentation of suspended particles, drainage of water from the hydraulic dump , increasing the stability of the dam 1, it is poured or washed with sorted rocks ranging in size from 10 to 140 mm from overburden dumps, and in the body of the dam, tubular drainages 6 are laid evenly and stepwise along the length of the dam 1 with an angle of inclination of 5-6 ° towards the cut, which from the side of the hydraulic shaft are closed with a lamellar lattice 11 of the "louver" type with a horizontal arrangement of slots having a width of 10 mm, an angle of inclination of the plates of 55 °, the upper edges facing the direction of the water intake, and rigidly connected to the upper edge of the drainage pipe by a circular shutter 12 with a diameter equal to the diameter drainage pipe, which has a gap with the lower edge of the drainage pipe 50 mm, and from the cut side of the pipe drainage inena with tubular spillways 7, laid on the slope of the dam 1, which discharge drainage water into the drainage ditch 9 of the section, laid along the embankment of the section and connected to the system of drainage ditches that drain water into the section sump, divided into two parts by a floating partition for polluted and settled water , in the last of which there is a floating pontoon with a pumping unit for supplying water through a water conduit to slurry formation; the reclamation of rocks and filling of the card 5 is carried out sequentially from the section located on the diametrically opposite side of the lower tubular drainage, by reverse flow and dismantling of the spent part of the slurry pipe 3, and from the section of the lower tubular drainage to the upper one - by direct passage with the extension of the slurry pipeline 3 on the dam 1 at the same time, the reduced and built-up slurry pipe 3 is laid on the ledge of the section 4 or the dam 1 of the card 5, has evenly spaced outlets 13 with shut-off valves, to which flexible sleeves can be connected for high-quality laying of the card 5 after the soil has been compacted.

The method of accelerated mechanohydraulic reclamation of the worked-out area of open mine workings differs in that the distance between the drainage pipes is equal to the length of the dumping zone of one slurry outlet 13, which is determined by the formula of V.A. Melentieva corrected for fractions from 10 to 140 mm

where F _i is the content of fractions from d ₁₀ to d ₁₄₀ , L _i is the length of the washed-out zone of each of the ix rock fractions, m;

where γ _ci is the specific density of the i-th rock, t / m ³ ; n is the number of rocks; L is the length of the alluvium slope from the outlet to the central part of the pond, and the number of tubular drains is determined as an integer part of the number by the formula

where L _D is the length of the dam, m;

The height of the step H _{1 for} laying tubular drains is determined by the formula

where H is the height of the dam, m, while the upper tubular drainage fits into the body of the dam at a distance of 1-1.5 m from the side of the section and a depth equal to the calculated value of the wind wave in the pond, the lower tubular drainage is installed at a distance and height of 1-1, 5 m from the side and bottom of the section, depending on the height of the dam, and the drainage ditch at the final filling of the map is equipped in the place of the upper pipe drainage using its spillway on the slope of the dam.

When the rocks are washed through the remote outlet 13 of the slurry line 3 into the hydraulic dump 2 and the map 5 is filled, the water, together with suspended particles, spreads along the bottom of the map 5, where suspended particles are deposited, reaches the dam 1, drains through its body and enters the drainage ditches 9 of the section. As the hydraulic dump 2 expands, suspended particles clog the drainage channels of the dam 1, increasing the water level in the map 5 until it reaches the lower pipe drainage, through which the water is discharged through the spillway 7 into the drainage ditches 9 of the section and enters the settling tank 10 of the section, separated by a floating partition 15 into two parts of polluted and clarified water, in the last of which there is a floating pontoon 16 with a pumping station that pumps water through pipeline 18 for slurry formation, forming a closed cycle. Gradually, the lower tubular drainage is silted up and the cycles of water rise and water drainage through the dam are repeated until the map 5 is completely filled, while the lower drainage spillway is dismantled, and the pipe is removed for reuse. More intensive water discharge and its low level when filling the map does not create dynamic pressure on the dam and increase its stability. At the last stage, after shrinkage of rocks, the map is replenished, while a drainage ditch is drawn in place of the upper pipe drainage to discharge water using the spillway of the upper pipe drainage.

The technical result is to accelerate the sedimentation of suspended particles, due to drainage of water from the dump, increase the stability of the dam by reducing the dynamic pressure and drainage of water through the body of the dam and bypassing it through tubular drainages, as well as sequential, distributed discharge of the slurry backward from the most remote area to the nearby sections of the dam.

Claims (11)

1. A method of accelerated mechanohydraulic reclamation of the worked-out space of open mine workings, including filling or reclaiming a dam for a hydraulic dump of overburden, laying a slurry line on the ledge of a cut or a dam of a filled card, washing rocks and filling a map, drainage of water through the dam body and pipe drainages in the dam, spillway of drainage water through pipes on the outer slope of the dam into the open pit drainage ditches, hydraulically connected to the open pit settler, water supply for slurry formation, pulp supply to the hydraulic filling, characterized in that to accelerate the sedimentation of suspended particles, drain water from the hydraulic dump, increase the stability of the dam into it the body is laid evenly and stepwise tubular drains along the length of the dam with an angle of inclination of 5-6 ° towards the section, which from the side of the hydraulic shaft are closed with a lamellar lattice of the "louvers" type with a horizontal arrangement of slots 10 mm wide and rigidly connected to the upper edge of the drainage pipe a damper with a gap from the bottom with the edge of the drainage pipe 50 mm, while the area of the damper is equal to the cross-section of the drainage pipe and has a round shape, and from the side of the cut they are connected to tubular spillways, laid on the dam slope, which discharge drainage water into the drainage ditch of the cut, laid along the cut dam and connected with a system of drainage ditches, discharging water into the open pit settler, divided into two parts by a floating partition for contaminated and settled water, in the last of which there is a floating pontoon with a pumping unit for supplying water through a water conduit to slurry formation, rock reclamation and filling the map are performed sequentially from the section located on the diametrically opposite side from the lower tubular drainage, in reverse, and from the section of the lower tubular drainage to the upper direct passage with the extension of the slurry pipeline, while the reduced and accumulated slurry pipe is laid on the ledge of the cut or the dam of the card, has evenly spaced outlets from the stop ar matura, to which flexible sleeves can be connected for high-quality bookmarking after soil compaction. 2. The method of accelerated mechanohydraulic reclamation of the worked-out space of open mine workings according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the drainage pipes is equal to the length of the front of dumping operations, which is determined by the formula of V.A. Melentieva

where F _i is the content of fractions from d ₁₀ to d ₁₄₀ ; L _i is the length of the reclaimed zone of each of the ix rock fractions, m;

where γ _ci is the specific density of the i-th rock, t / m ³ ; n is the number of rocks; L is the length of the alluvium slope from the outlet to the central part of the pond, and the number of tubular drains is determined as an integer part of the number by the formula

where L _D is the length of the dam, m; the height of the step H _{1 for} laying tubular drains is determined by the formula

where H is the height of the dam, m, while the upper tubular drainage fits into the body of the dam at a distance of 0.5 m from the side of the section and a depth equal to the calculated value of the wind wave in the pond, and the lower tubular drainage is installed at a distance and height of 1-1, 5 m from the side and the bottom of the section, and the drainage ditch at the final filling of the map is equipped in the place of the upper pipe drainage using its spillway on the dam slope.

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