CA2576752A1 - Amorpheous fe100-a-bpamb foil, method for its preparation and use - Google Patents
Amorpheous fe100-a-bpamb foil, method for its preparation and use Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2576752A1 CA2576752A1 CA002576752A CA2576752A CA2576752A1 CA 2576752 A1 CA2576752 A1 CA 2576752A1 CA 002576752 A CA002576752 A CA 002576752A CA 2576752 A CA2576752 A CA 2576752A CA 2576752 A1 CA2576752 A1 CA 2576752A1
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- CA
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- Prior art keywords
- foil
- ranges
- amorphous
- plating solution
- process according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 201
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005323 electroforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 116
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910001447 ferric ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910021205 NaH2PO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001004 magnetic alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 Al(OH)3 Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001448 ferrous ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrochloric acid Substances Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UCMIRNVEIXFBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-alanine Chemical compound NCCC(O)=O UCMIRNVEIXFBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005381 magnetic domain Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical compound O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003953 H3PO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021577 Iron(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910006147 SO3NH2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001398 aluminium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002180 anti-stress Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013532 laser treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001679 gibbsite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000808 amorphous metal alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 23
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 17
- 235000021251 pulses Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 101100353161 Drosophila melanogaster prel gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000308356 Tesia Species 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004337 magnesium citrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alanine Chemical compound CC([NH3+])C([O-])=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910015269 MoCu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002659 electrodeposit Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005300 metallic glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(C2=NNN=N2)=C1 KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017082 Fe-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017133 Fe—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018104 Ni-P Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroglycerin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018536 Ni—P Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001096 P alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960003767 alanine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002547 anomalous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940000635 beta-alanine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950010030 dl-alanine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005552 hardfacing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Fe] XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002707 nanocrystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000889 permalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001379 sodium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KOUDKOMXLMXFKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxido(oxo)phosphanium hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[O-][PH+]=O KOUDKOMXLMXFKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010421 standard material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C45/00—Amorphous alloys
- C22C45/02—Amorphous alloys with iron as the major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
- C25C1/24—Alloys obtained by cathodic reduction of all their ions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D1/00—Electroforming
- C25D1/04—Wires; Strips; Foils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/562—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of iron or nickel or cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/18—Electroplating using modulated, pulsed or reversing current
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/615—Microstructure of the layers, e.g. mixed structure
- C25D5/619—Amorphous layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/625—Discontinuous layers, e.g. microcracked layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/153—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
- H01F1/15308—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals based on Fe/Ni
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/153—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
- H01F1/15333—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals containing nanocrystallites, e.g. obtained by annealing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/14—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates
- H01F41/24—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates from liquids
- H01F41/26—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates from liquids using electric currents, e.g. electroplating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
- H01F41/0213—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits made from strip(s) or ribbon(s)
- H01F41/0226—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits made from strip(s) or ribbon(s) from amorphous ribbons
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Priority Applications (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002576752A CA2576752A1 (en) | 2007-02-02 | 2007-02-02 | Amorpheous fe100-a-bpamb foil, method for its preparation and use |
| PCT/CA2008/000205 WO2008092265A1 (en) | 2007-02-02 | 2008-02-01 | AMORPHOUS Fe100-a-bPaMb ALLOY FOIL AND METHOD FOR ITS PREPARATION |
| JP2009547501A JP5629095B2 (ja) | 2007-02-02 | 2008-02-01 | 非晶質Ｆｅ１００−ａ−ｂＰａＭｂ合金ホイル及びその製造方法 |
| US12/525,286 US8177926B2 (en) | 2007-02-02 | 2008-02-01 | Amorphous Fe100-a-bPaMb alloy foil and method for its preparation |
| KR1020097018395A KR101554217B1 (ko) | 2007-02-02 | 2008-02-01 | 비결정질 Ｆｅ100-ａ-ｂＰａＭｂ 합금 박막 및 그 제조 방법 |
| CA2675987A CA2675987C (en) | 2007-02-02 | 2008-02-01 | Amorphous fe100-a-bpamb alloy foil and method for its preparation |
| CN2008800037901A CN101600813B (zh) | 2007-02-02 | 2008-02-01 | 无定型的Fe100-a-bPaMb合金箔及其制备方法 |
| EP08706342.6A EP2142678B1 (en) | 2007-02-02 | 2008-02-01 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AN AMORPHOUS Fe100-a-bPaMb ALLOY FOIL |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002576752A CA2576752A1 (en) | 2007-02-02 | 2007-02-02 | Amorpheous fe100-a-bpamb foil, method for its preparation and use |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2576752A1 true CA2576752A1 (en) | 2008-08-02 |
Family
ID=39671541
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002576752A Abandoned CA2576752A1 (en) | 2007-02-02 | 2007-02-02 | Amorpheous fe100-a-bpamb foil, method for its preparation and use |
| CA2675987A Expired - Fee Related CA2675987C (en) | 2007-02-02 | 2008-02-01 | Amorphous fe100-a-bpamb alloy foil and method for its preparation |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2675987A Expired - Fee Related CA2675987C (en) | 2007-02-02 | 2008-02-01 | Amorphous fe100-a-bpamb alloy foil and method for its preparation |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8177926B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP2142678B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP5629095B2 (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR101554217B1 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN101600813B (enExample) |
| CA (2) | CA2576752A1 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2008092265A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8494195B2 (en) | 2007-02-07 | 2013-07-23 | Starkey Laboratories, Inc. | Electrical contacts using conductive silicone in hearing assistance devices |
| US8385573B2 (en) | 2007-09-19 | 2013-02-26 | Starkey Laboratories, Inc. | System for hearing assistance device including receiver in the canal |
| CA2639555A1 (en) | 2008-08-11 | 2008-12-15 | Hyman Ngo | High definition litho applique and emblems |
| US8781141B2 (en) | 2008-08-27 | 2014-07-15 | Starkey Laboratories, Inc. | Modular connection assembly for a hearing assistance device |
| US8798299B1 (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2014-08-05 | Starkey Laboratories, Inc. | Magnetic shielding for communication device applications |
| EP2278828B1 (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2017-09-06 | Starkey Laboratories, Inc. | Method and apparatus for an insulated electromagnetic shield for use in hearing assistance devices |
| DE102009048658A1 (de) | 2009-09-29 | 2011-03-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Transformatorkern oder Transformatorblech mit einer amorphen und/oder nanokristallinen Gefügestruktur und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| US8638965B2 (en) | 2010-07-14 | 2014-01-28 | Starkey Laboratories, Inc. | Receiver-in-canal hearing device cable connections |
| US9049526B2 (en) | 2011-03-19 | 2015-06-02 | Starkey Laboratories, Inc. | Compact programming block connector for hearing assistance devices |
| CN102400191B (zh) * | 2011-11-22 | 2014-04-09 | 沈阳理工大学 | 强磁场下制备Sm-Fe合金磁性薄膜的方法 |
| CN103233253B (zh) * | 2013-05-23 | 2015-04-22 | 浙江工贸职业技术学院 | 一种黑色Mn-Fe-P-B复合镀液、使用方法及其形成的膜层 |
| US9913052B2 (en) | 2013-11-27 | 2018-03-06 | Starkey Laboratories, Inc. | Solderless hearing assistance device assembly and method |
| US9906879B2 (en) | 2013-11-27 | 2018-02-27 | Starkey Laboratories, Inc. | Solderless module connector for a hearing assistance device assembly |
| KR101505873B1 (ko) | 2014-04-15 | 2015-03-25 | (주)테라에너지시스템 | 분리형 전력용 전자기 유도 장치의 제조 방법 |
| KR101666797B1 (ko) | 2014-12-24 | 2016-10-17 | 주식회사 포스코 | Fe-P-Cr 합금 박판 및 그 제조방법 |
| KR101693514B1 (ko) * | 2015-12-24 | 2017-01-06 | 주식회사 포스코 | 전기강판용 Fe-Ni-P 합금 다층 강판 및 이의 제조방법 |
| CN105958859B (zh) * | 2016-03-04 | 2021-09-17 | 上海天轩科技发展有限公司 | 流体动力纳米发电机 |
| CN106756641B (zh) * | 2016-12-14 | 2019-02-26 | 刘志红 | 一种Fe基非晶合金粉末及其制备工艺 |
| CN108231314B (zh) * | 2016-12-14 | 2020-05-26 | 蓬莱市超硬复合材料有限公司 | 一种铁基非晶合金粉末及生产方法 |
| CN108203792B (zh) * | 2016-12-16 | 2020-05-22 | 蓬莱市超硬复合材料有限公司 | 一种铁基非晶粉末及制备方法 |
| US10811801B2 (en) | 2017-11-13 | 2020-10-20 | Te Connectivity Corporation | Electrical connector with low insertion loss conductors |
| CN110998918B (zh) * | 2018-04-10 | 2022-12-06 | 株式会社Lg新能源 | 制备磷化铁的方法、包含磷化铁的锂二次电池用正极和包含所述正极的锂二次电池 |
| JP7164765B2 (ja) * | 2020-07-16 | 2022-11-01 | 東洋鋼鈑株式会社 | 電解鉄箔 |
| EP4183904A4 (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2024-11-13 | Toyo Kohan Co., Ltd. | ELECTROLYTIC IRON FOIL |
| CN118653110B (zh) * | 2024-08-16 | 2024-11-22 | 慧磁(杭州)科技有限公司 | 一种铁基软磁非晶合金粉末及其制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US1965559A (en) | 1933-08-07 | 1934-07-03 | Cold Metal Process Co | Electrical sheet and method and apparatus for its manufacture and test |
| US3086927A (en) | 1960-08-29 | 1963-04-23 | Horst Corp Of America V D | Iron-phosphorus electroplating |
| US3354059A (en) | 1964-08-12 | 1967-11-21 | Ibm | Electrodeposition of nickel-iron magnetic alloy films |
| US3871836A (en) * | 1972-12-20 | 1975-03-18 | Allied Chem | Cutting blades made of or coated with an amorphous metal |
| JPS5194211A (enExample) | 1975-02-15 | 1976-08-18 | ||
| JPS5833316B2 (ja) * | 1977-02-05 | 1983-07-19 | ソニー株式会社 | 非晶質合金の製造方法 |
| JPS5910998B2 (ja) * | 1976-05-20 | 1984-03-13 | ソニー株式会社 | 非晶質合金の製造方法 |
| CA1072910A (en) * | 1976-05-20 | 1980-03-04 | Satoru Uedaira | Method of manufacturing amorphous alloy |
| US4217135A (en) | 1979-05-04 | 1980-08-12 | General Electric Company | Iron-boron-silicon ternary amorphous alloys |
| JPS57161030A (en) * | 1981-03-28 | 1982-10-04 | Nippon Steel Corp | Improving method for watt loss of thin strip of amorphous magnetic alloy |
| US4533441A (en) * | 1984-03-30 | 1985-08-06 | Burlington Industries, Inc. | Practical amorphous iron electroform and method for achieving same |
| US5032464A (en) | 1986-10-27 | 1991-07-16 | Burlington Industries, Inc. | Electrodeposited amorphous ductile alloys of nickel and phosphorus |
| US4758314A (en) * | 1987-06-29 | 1988-07-19 | General Motors Corporation | Amorphous Fe-Cr-P electroplating bath |
| US5225006A (en) | 1988-05-17 | 1993-07-06 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Fe-based soft magnetic alloy |
| JPH02258995A (ja) * | 1988-12-16 | 1990-10-19 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 鉄―リン合金磁性薄膜の形成方法及びその磁性薄膜の処理方法 |
| EP0422760A1 (en) | 1989-10-12 | 1991-04-17 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd | Amorphous alloy and process for preparation thereof |
| NL9100352A (nl) * | 1991-02-27 | 1992-09-16 | Hoogovens Groep Bv | Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van ijzerfolie door elektrodepositie. |
| US5518518A (en) * | 1994-10-14 | 1996-05-21 | Fmc Corporation | Amorphous metal alloy and method of producing same |
| AU6653498A (en) * | 1997-02-27 | 1998-09-18 | Fmc Corporation | Amorphous and amorphous/microcrystalline metal alloys and methods for their production |
| RU2170468C1 (ru) * | 2000-04-10 | 2001-07-10 | Мирзоев Рустам Аминович | Электрохимический накопитель энергии высокой удельной мощности и электрод для него |
| US6495019B1 (en) * | 2000-04-19 | 2002-12-17 | Agere Systems Inc. | Device comprising micromagnetic components for power applications and process for forming device |
| DE10229542B4 (de) * | 2002-07-01 | 2004-05-19 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Elektronisches Bauteil mit mehrschichtiger Umverdrahtungsplatte und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben |
| US7230361B2 (en) | 2003-01-31 | 2007-06-12 | Light Engineering, Inc. | Efficient high-speed electric device using low-loss materials |
| US7494578B2 (en) | 2004-03-01 | 2009-02-24 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Iron-phosphorus electroplating bath and method |
| US7419852B2 (en) * | 2004-08-27 | 2008-09-02 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Low temperature methods of forming back side redistribution layers in association with through wafer interconnects, semiconductor devices including same, and assemblies |
-
2007
- 2007-02-02 CA CA002576752A patent/CA2576752A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2008
- 2008-02-01 CN CN2008800037901A patent/CN101600813B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-02-01 JP JP2009547501A patent/JP5629095B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-02-01 US US12/525,286 patent/US8177926B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-02-01 WO PCT/CA2008/000205 patent/WO2008092265A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-02-01 EP EP08706342.6A patent/EP2142678B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-02-01 KR KR1020097018395A patent/KR101554217B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-02-01 CA CA2675987A patent/CA2675987C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101600813B (zh) | 2012-11-21 |
| JP5629095B2 (ja) | 2014-11-19 |
| KR20090129995A (ko) | 2009-12-17 |
| US8177926B2 (en) | 2012-05-15 |
| EP2142678A1 (en) | 2010-01-13 |
| CA2675987C (en) | 2014-12-09 |
| EP2142678A4 (en) | 2013-04-03 |
| JP2010518252A (ja) | 2010-05-27 |
| CN101600813A (zh) | 2009-12-09 |
| KR101554217B1 (ko) | 2015-09-18 |
| CA2675987A1 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
| EP2142678B1 (en) | 2019-01-23 |
| WO2008092265A1 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
| US20100071811A1 (en) | 2010-03-25 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| FZDE | Discontinued |