CA2480901A1 - Method and system for the esterification of fatty acids - Google Patents
Method and system for the esterification of fatty acids Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2480901A1 CA2480901A1 CA002480901A CA2480901A CA2480901A1 CA 2480901 A1 CA2480901 A1 CA 2480901A1 CA 002480901 A CA002480901 A CA 002480901A CA 2480901 A CA2480901 A CA 2480901A CA 2480901 A1 CA2480901 A1 CA 2480901A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- reaction section
- esterification
- pressure
- reaction
- fatty acids
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- -1 fatty acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000448280 Elates Species 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100070542 Podospora anserina het-s gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000021003 saturated fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021081 unsaturated fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/003—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fatty acids with alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/08—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT0056902A AT504727A1 (de) | 2002-04-12 | 2002-04-12 | Verfahren und anlage zur veresterung von fettsäuren |
| ATA569/2002 | 2002-04-12 | ||
| PCT/AT2003/000101 WO2003087278A1 (de) | 2002-04-12 | 2003-04-07 | Verfahren und anlage zur veresterung von fettsäuren |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2480901A1 true CA2480901A1 (en) | 2003-10-23 |
Family
ID=29220186
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002480901A Abandoned CA2480901A1 (en) | 2002-04-12 | 2003-04-07 | Method and system for the esterification of fatty acids |
Country Status (18)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US7256301B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1495099A1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP2005528472A (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR20040101446A (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN1646670A (enExample) |
| AT (1) | AT504727A1 (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU2003218521B2 (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BR0309199A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2480901A1 (enExample) |
| EA (1) | EA007630B1 (enExample) |
| HR (1) | HRP20041057A2 (enExample) |
| MX (1) | MXPA04010015A (enExample) |
| NO (1) | NO20044930L (enExample) |
| PL (1) | PL371212A1 (enExample) |
| RS (1) | RS90004A (enExample) |
| UA (1) | UA78767C2 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2003087278A1 (enExample) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200408018B (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (28)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PL341110A1 (en) | 1997-11-24 | 2001-03-26 | Energea Umwelttechnologie Gmbh | Method of obtaining methyl esters of fatty acids and system therefor |
| AT504727A1 (de) | 2002-04-12 | 2008-07-15 | Energea Umwelttechnologie Gmbh | Verfahren und anlage zur veresterung von fettsäuren |
| MY150129A (en) * | 2004-04-09 | 2013-11-29 | Archer Daniels Midland Co | Method of preparing fatty acid alkyl esters from waste or recycled fatty acid stock |
| JP2006036817A (ja) * | 2004-07-22 | 2006-02-09 | Kimura Chem Plants Co Ltd | 脂肪酸エステルの製造方法および製造装置 |
| KR100799597B1 (ko) * | 2006-04-07 | 2008-01-30 | (주)두웰테크놀로지 | 고효율 환형 반응기를 이용한 대체 연료 제조 장치 및 방법 |
| PL2013319T3 (pl) | 2006-04-28 | 2019-07-31 | Sk Chemicals Co., Ltd. | Sposób wytwarzania estru alkilowego kwasu tłuszczowego z użyciem destylatu kwasu tłuszczowego |
| US7767839B2 (en) * | 2006-08-24 | 2010-08-03 | Philadelphia Fry-O-Diesel, Inc. | Process of making alkyl esters of free fatty acids |
| CN1919973B (zh) * | 2006-09-08 | 2011-04-06 | 浙江赞宇科技股份有限公司 | 一种连续式制备生物柴油的方法 |
| JP2008207135A (ja) * | 2007-02-27 | 2008-09-11 | National Univ Corp Shizuoka Univ | 水熱酸化分解処理装置 |
| US8052848B2 (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2011-11-08 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Ultrasonic and microwave methods for enhancing the rate of a chemical reaction and apparatus for such methods |
| DE102008007431A1 (de) * | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-13 | Bayer Technology Services Gmbh | Verbessertes Verfahren zur heterogen katalysierten Veresterung von Fettsäuren |
| CA2701136C (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2013-01-08 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of Natural Resources Canada | Vapour phase esterification of free fatty acids |
| CN102015615A (zh) | 2008-04-01 | 2011-04-13 | Sk化学株式会社 | 使用脂肪酸制备脂肪酸烷基酯的方法 |
| KR101554607B1 (ko) | 2008-11-07 | 2015-09-22 | 에스케이케미칼주식회사 | 지방산을 이용한 지방산알킬에스테르의 제조방법 및 장치 |
| ITNA20090024A1 (it) * | 2009-05-08 | 2010-11-09 | Eurochem Engineering S R L | Uso di reattori innovativi per reazioni multifasiche liquido-liquido. |
| DE102009044168A1 (de) * | 2009-10-02 | 2011-04-07 | Green Finance Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Alkylestern höherer Fettsäuren |
| MY151440A (en) | 2009-10-29 | 2014-05-30 | Malaysian Palm Oil Board Mpob | A method of converting free fatty acid (ffa) from oil to methyl ester |
| JP2014040527A (ja) * | 2012-08-22 | 2014-03-06 | Osaka Prefecture Univ | 脂肪酸アルキルエステルの精製方法 |
| KR102327852B1 (ko) | 2013-07-22 | 2021-11-18 | 에스케이에코프라임 주식회사 | 지방을 이용한 지방산알킬에스테르의 제조방법 |
| US9328054B1 (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2016-05-03 | Travis Danner | Method of alcoholisis of fatty acids and fatty acid gyicerides |
| WO2017042750A1 (en) | 2015-09-11 | 2017-03-16 | Enc Bioenergy Lda. | Glycerol ester production from wastes containing organic oils and/or fats |
| PT109991A (pt) | 2017-03-24 | 2018-09-24 | Univ Do Porto | Catalisadores heterogéneos, processo de preparação e sua aplicação no processo de produção de ésteres alquílicos deácidos gordos. |
| FI128952B (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2021-03-31 | Neste Oyj | Preparation of renewable alkenes including metathesis |
| FI128954B (en) | 2019-09-26 | 2021-03-31 | Neste Oyj | Preparation of renewable base oil including metathesis |
| FI128953B (en) | 2019-09-26 | 2021-03-31 | Neste Oyj | Production of renewable chemicals including metathesis and microbial oxidation |
| US11944955B2 (en) | 2021-06-25 | 2024-04-02 | Petróleo Brasileiro S.A.—Petrobras | Process of obtaining a catalyst, catalyst and pre-treatment process of acidic raw materials |
| CN113563977B (zh) * | 2021-07-21 | 2022-08-16 | 湖北天基生物能源科技发展有限公司 | 一种废弃油脂的处理系统和处理方法 |
| BR102021016123A2 (pt) | 2021-08-16 | 2023-02-23 | Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras | Processo para produção de biodiesel a partir de cargas ácidas |
Family Cites Families (29)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2543055A (en) | 1944-05-10 | 1951-02-27 | Armour & Co | Crystallizing process |
| US2583206A (en) | 1949-12-01 | 1952-01-22 | Separator Ab | Apparatus for homogenizing |
| US2766273A (en) * | 1951-05-04 | 1956-10-09 | Pfizer & Co C | Esterification of acids |
| US3614069A (en) | 1969-09-22 | 1971-10-19 | Fibra Sonics | Multiple frequency ultrasonic method and apparatus for improved cavitation, emulsification and mixing |
| JPS6025478B2 (ja) | 1977-03-17 | 1985-06-18 | 花王株式会社 | 脂肪酸低級アルコ−ルエステルの製造法 |
| JPS55149395A (en) | 1979-05-09 | 1980-11-20 | Kao Corp | Continuous purification of oil and fat |
| DE3319590A1 (de) | 1983-05-30 | 1984-12-06 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | Verfahren zur herstellung von fettsaeureestern kurzkettiger aliphatischer alkohole aus freie fettsaeuren enthaltenden fetten und/oder oelen |
| DE3339051A1 (de) | 1983-10-28 | 1985-05-09 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | Verfahren zur verbesserten destillativen aufarbeitung von glycerin |
| DE3444893A1 (de) | 1984-12-08 | 1986-06-12 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | Verfahren zur herstellung von fettsaeuremethylestern |
| DE3501761A1 (de) | 1985-01-21 | 1986-07-24 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | Verfahren zur vorveresterung freier fettsaeuren in rohfetten und/oder -oelen |
| ES2090123T3 (es) | 1989-01-17 | 1996-10-16 | Davy Process Techn Ltd | Proceso en continuo para la produccion de esteres de acidos carboxilicos. |
| US5514820A (en) | 1989-09-29 | 1996-05-07 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Continuous process for the production of lower alkyl esters |
| AT394374B (de) | 1990-06-29 | 1992-03-25 | Wimmer Theodor | Verfahren zur herstellung von fettsaeureestern niederer alkohole |
| DE59103713D1 (de) | 1991-09-02 | 1995-01-12 | Primavesi Markus | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Fettsäureestern. |
| US5324853A (en) * | 1993-01-19 | 1994-06-28 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Process for the production of plasticizer and polyolesters |
| US5388905A (en) | 1993-03-30 | 1995-02-14 | Or-Tec, Inc. | Polymer mixing/activation system |
| US5424467A (en) | 1993-07-14 | 1995-06-13 | Idaho Research Foundation | Method for purifying alcohol esters |
| AT399336B (de) | 1993-07-14 | 1995-04-25 | Martin Mag Dr Mittelbach | Verfahren zur herstellung von fettsäurealkylestern |
| US5482633A (en) | 1993-10-12 | 1996-01-09 | Cargill, Incorporated | Process for removing vegetable oil waxes by fast cooling vegetable oil and using a porous non-metallic inorganic filter |
| DE4338111A1 (de) | 1993-11-08 | 1995-05-11 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Fettsäureniedrigalkylestern |
| US5645696A (en) | 1994-11-21 | 1997-07-08 | Lucky Ltd. | Process for preparing unsaturated carboxylic acid esters and apparatus for preparing the same |
| US5945529A (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 1999-08-31 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Synthesis of polyol fatty acid polyesters using column with inert gas stripping |
| JP3579757B2 (ja) * | 1996-08-10 | 2004-10-20 | チッソ株式会社 | 反応槽及びカルボン酸エステル製造方法 |
| US6174501B1 (en) * | 1997-10-31 | 2001-01-16 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Nebraska | System and process for producing biodiesel fuel with reduced viscosity and a cloud point below thirty-two (32) degrees fahrenheit |
| US6015440A (en) | 1997-10-31 | 2000-01-18 | Board Of Regents Of The University Of Nebraska | Process for producing biodiesel fuel with reduced viscosity and a cloud point below thirty-two (32) degrees fahrenheit |
| PL341110A1 (en) | 1997-11-24 | 2001-03-26 | Energea Umwelttechnologie Gmbh | Method of obtaining methyl esters of fatty acids and system therefor |
| US5938328A (en) * | 1998-07-07 | 1999-08-17 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Packed bed static mixer |
| AT410443B (de) * | 2000-11-08 | 2003-04-25 | Wimmer Theodor | Verfahren zur herstellung von fettsäureestern niederer alkohole |
| AT504727A1 (de) | 2002-04-12 | 2008-07-15 | Energea Umwelttechnologie Gmbh | Verfahren und anlage zur veresterung von fettsäuren |
-
2002
- 2002-04-12 AT AT0056902A patent/AT504727A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2003
- 2003-04-07 BR BR0309199-6A patent/BR0309199A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-04-07 EA EA200401356A patent/EA007630B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-04-07 WO PCT/AT2003/000101 patent/WO2003087278A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2003-04-07 KR KR10-2004-7016258A patent/KR20040101446A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2003-04-07 CN CNA03808273XA patent/CN1646670A/zh active Pending
- 2003-04-07 MX MXPA04010015A patent/MXPA04010015A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-04-07 EP EP03711704A patent/EP1495099A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-04-07 AU AU2003218521A patent/AU2003218521B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-04-07 HR HR20041057A patent/HRP20041057A2/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-04-07 RS YU90004A patent/RS90004A/sr unknown
- 2003-04-07 JP JP2003584222A patent/JP2005528472A/ja active Pending
- 2003-04-07 PL PL03371212A patent/PL371212A1/xx unknown
- 2003-04-07 CA CA002480901A patent/CA2480901A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-04 UA UA20041008270A patent/UA78767C2/uk unknown
-
2004
- 2004-10-05 ZA ZA200408018A patent/ZA200408018B/en unknown
- 2004-10-12 US US10/961,031 patent/US7256301B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-11-11 NO NO20044930A patent/NO20044930L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2007
- 2007-04-13 US US11/734,845 patent/US20070185341A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20040101446A (ko) | 2004-12-02 |
| AU2003218521B2 (en) | 2009-05-28 |
| EA007630B1 (ru) | 2006-12-29 |
| ZA200408018B (en) | 2005-10-05 |
| EA200401356A1 (ru) | 2005-04-28 |
| US7256301B2 (en) | 2007-08-14 |
| MXPA04010015A (es) | 2004-12-13 |
| EP1495099A1 (de) | 2005-01-12 |
| WO2003087278A1 (de) | 2003-10-23 |
| HRP20041057A2 (en) | 2005-06-30 |
| US20050065357A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 |
| JP2005528472A (ja) | 2005-09-22 |
| AU2003218521A1 (en) | 2003-10-27 |
| CN1646670A (zh) | 2005-07-27 |
| BR0309199A (pt) | 2005-02-09 |
| AT504727A1 (de) | 2008-07-15 |
| RS90004A (sr) | 2006-12-15 |
| US20070185341A1 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
| NO20044930L (no) | 2004-11-11 |
| PL371212A1 (en) | 2005-06-13 |
| UA78767C2 (en) | 2007-04-25 |
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