CA2286147A1 - Process for producing low density gel compositions - Google Patents
Process for producing low density gel compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2286147A1 CA2286147A1 CA002286147A CA2286147A CA2286147A1 CA 2286147 A1 CA2286147 A1 CA 2286147A1 CA 002286147 A CA002286147 A CA 002286147A CA 2286147 A CA2286147 A CA 2286147A CA 2286147 A1 CA2286147 A1 CA 2286147A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- gel
- equal
- gel composition
- less
- catalyst
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 201
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 239000012374 esterification agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 121
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 112
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000352 supercritical drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 302
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 66
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 57
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 48
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 45
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 42
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 39
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 39
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 29
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 27
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 25
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000011240 wet gel Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 14
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 13
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 13
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- ASUDFOJKTJLAIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethanamine Chemical compound COCCN ASUDFOJKTJLAIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- -1 iosporpylamine Chemical compound 0.000 description 8
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DJEQZVQFEPKLOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylbutylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(C)C DJEQZVQFEPKLOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N caprylic alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003636 chemical group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960004592 isopropanol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- HVBSAKJJOYLTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 HVBSAKJJOYLTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-dimethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCO UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RHQDFWAXVIIEBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroethanol Chemical compound OCC(F)(F)F RHQDFWAXVIIEBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1 PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002887 deanol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012972 dimethylethanolamine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1O QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N putrescine Chemical compound NCCCCN KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KODLUXHSIZOKTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-aminobutan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(O)CN KODLUXHSIZOKTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXKKHQJGJAFBHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-aminopropan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(O)CN HXKKHQJGJAFBHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LJDSTRZHPWMDPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(butylamino)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCNCCO LJDSTRZHPWMDPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940058020 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YUUDLHZAWCQVDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-sulfobenzenediazonium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C([N+]#N)C=C1 YUUDLHZAWCQVDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPKOKAMJFNKNAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylethanolamine Chemical compound CNCCO OPKOKAMJFNKNAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910008051 Si-OH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020175 SiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006358 Si—OH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PGLXYLYDLCVKEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Al].[Al].[Al].[Zr] Chemical compound [Al].[Al].[Al].[Zr] PGLXYLYDLCVKEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBTVGIZVANVGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminomethyl propanol Chemical compound CC(C)(N)CO CBTVGIZVANVGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012973 diazabicyclooctane Substances 0.000 description 1
- LVTYICIALWPMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropanolamine Chemical compound CC(O)CNCC(C)O LVTYICIALWPMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043276 diisopropanolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004442 gravimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- BHRZNVHARXXAHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butylamine Chemical compound CCC(C)N BHRZNVHARXXAHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanol Chemical compound [SiH3]O SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950000244 sulfanilic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003509 tertiary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/0052—Preparation of gels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/0091—Preparation of aerogels, e.g. xerogels
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/826,982 US6172120B1 (en) | 1997-04-09 | 1997-04-09 | Process for producing low density gel compositions |
| US08/826,982 | 1997-04-09 | ||
| PCT/US1998/007374 WO1998045035A1 (en) | 1997-04-09 | 1998-04-09 | Process for producing low density gel compositions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2286147A1 true CA2286147A1 (en) | 1998-10-15 |
Family
ID=25248012
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002286147A Abandoned CA2286147A1 (en) | 1997-04-09 | 1998-04-09 | Process for producing low density gel compositions |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6172120B1 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP0973604A1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP2001518835A (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR20010006212A (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN1116923C (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU7112798A (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BR9814240A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2286147A1 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO1998045035A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7222821B2 (en) * | 2001-11-21 | 2007-05-29 | Matos Jeffrey A | Method and apparatus for treating fuel to temporarily reduce its combustibility |
| US8042771B2 (en) | 2007-05-25 | 2011-10-25 | Karl F. Milde, Jr. | Method and apparatus for treating fuel to temporarily reduce its combustibility |
| US20030203980A1 (en) * | 2002-04-30 | 2003-10-30 | Valdes Reynaldo A. | Sol-gel composition, methods for manufacturing sol-gels, and applications for sol-gels |
| US7118801B2 (en) * | 2003-11-10 | 2006-10-10 | Gore Enterprise Holdings, Inc. | Aerogel/PTFE composite insulating material |
| US20050270746A1 (en) * | 2004-06-04 | 2005-12-08 | Reis Bradley E | Insulating structure having combined insulating and heat spreading capabilities |
| US7618608B1 (en) | 2005-12-13 | 2009-11-17 | Keller Companies, Inc. | Aerogel and method of manufacturing same |
| US7750056B1 (en) | 2006-10-03 | 2010-07-06 | Sami Daoud | Low-density, high r-value translucent nanocrystallites |
| US7794805B2 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2010-09-14 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Thermal insulation barriers |
| US8293178B2 (en) | 2007-11-06 | 2012-10-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Chemochromic detector for sensing gas leakage and process for producing the same |
| DE102008046444A1 (de) | 2008-09-09 | 2010-03-11 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Fassadenplatte, System und Verfahren zur Energiegewinnung |
| WO2011020671A1 (de) | 2009-08-20 | 2011-02-24 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Dämmplatte aus kunststoff, system und verfahren zur wärmedämmung |
| CN102115088B (zh) * | 2010-01-04 | 2013-04-17 | 新疆大学 | 以醇胺为碱性催化剂制备二氧化硅气凝胶的方法 |
| EP2585214B1 (en) * | 2010-06-24 | 2016-08-17 | PQ Corporation | Catalyst supports, catalysts and their manufacture and use |
| US8815603B2 (en) | 2011-07-11 | 2014-08-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Incorporation of chemochromic pigment into a variety of articles as an indicator for the presence of hypergolic fuels |
| JP2017503884A (ja) | 2013-12-19 | 2017-02-02 | ダブリュ．エル．ゴア アンド アソシエイツ，インコーポレイティドＷ．Ｌ． Ｇｏｒｅ ＆ Ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｓ， Ｉｎｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅｄ | 断熱延伸ポリテトラフルオロエチレン物品 |
| KR20190127962A (ko) | 2017-03-29 | 2019-11-13 | 더블유.엘. 고어 앤드 어소시에이트스, 인코포레이티드 | 열적 절연성 팽창된 폴리테트라플루오로에틸렌 물품 |
| US10822807B2 (en) | 2019-02-18 | 2020-11-03 | Royal Building Products (Usa) Inc. | Assembly for improved insulation |
| CN112337032A (zh) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-09 | 中北大学 | 一种超分子有机凝胶组合物及其在环己胺泄漏中的应用 |
| EP4352146A1 (en) | 2021-06-11 | 2024-04-17 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | High temperature insulative composites and articles thereof |
| WO2025071812A1 (en) | 2023-09-29 | 2025-04-03 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Silicone - acrylic binder for liquid applied thermal insulation coating compositions to resist corrosion under insulation |
| WO2025071811A1 (en) | 2023-09-29 | 2025-04-03 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Silicone – acrylic binder for thermal insulation coatings to provide resistance to corrosion under insulation |
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| US2269059A (en) | 1938-05-14 | 1942-01-06 | Corning Glass Works | Method of preparing finely comminuted oxides |
| US2765242A (en) * | 1952-02-29 | 1956-10-02 | Du Pont | Process of making reinforced silica gel and esterified silica gel |
| US2739075A (en) | 1952-03-06 | 1956-03-20 | Du Pont | Product and process |
| US2832794A (en) | 1952-11-05 | 1958-04-29 | Allied Chem & Dye Corp | Hydrolysis of organosilanes |
| US2901460A (en) | 1956-02-07 | 1959-08-25 | Gen Electric | Halosilane hydrolysis with tetrahydrofuran and water |
| FR1568817A (enExample) | 1967-11-30 | 1969-05-30 | ||
| US3652214A (en) | 1968-08-06 | 1972-03-28 | Nat Petro Chemicals Co Inc | Preparation of silica gels |
| DE2313073C2 (de) | 1973-03-16 | 1984-11-29 | Istvan Prof. Dr. 6600 Saarbruecken Halasz | Verfahren zur chemischen Modifizierung von Oberflächen anorganischer Festkörper und deren Verwendung |
| DE2414478C3 (de) | 1974-03-26 | 1978-07-13 | Deutsche Gold- Und Silber-Scheideanstalt Vormals Roessler, 6000 Frankfurt | Aerogelartige strukturierte Kieselsäure und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| DE3429671A1 (de) | 1984-08-11 | 1986-02-20 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Verfahren zur herstellung von aerogelen |
| US4561872A (en) | 1984-10-22 | 1985-12-31 | Corning Glass Works | Method for making glass or ceramic article |
| FR2585973A1 (fr) | 1985-08-06 | 1987-02-13 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Gel monolithique et poudre d'oxydes d'elements de transition, procede de fabrication du gel et procede de preparation de couches minces de ces oxydes |
| US4810415A (en) | 1985-09-24 | 1989-03-07 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Process for manufacturing ultra pure silica and resulting encapsulated products |
| DE3616133A1 (de) | 1985-09-25 | 1987-11-19 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Kugelfoermige sio(pfeil abwaerts)2(pfeil abwaerts)-partikel |
| JPS6374911A (ja) | 1986-09-19 | 1988-04-05 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | 微細球状シリカの製造法 |
| EP0372251B1 (de) | 1988-11-22 | 1992-03-11 | Degussa Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kieselsäuren |
| US5158758A (en) | 1989-04-24 | 1992-10-27 | International Minerals & Chemical Corp. | Production of silica having high specific surface area |
| US5017540A (en) | 1989-09-15 | 1991-05-21 | Sandoval Junior E | Silicon hydride surface intermediates for chemical separations apparatus |
| US4983369A (en) | 1989-11-22 | 1991-01-08 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Process for forming highly uniform silica spheres |
| IT1240673B (it) | 1990-04-24 | 1993-12-17 | Tenav | Microsfere di aerogels di ossidi inorganici a stretta distribuzione dei diametri dei pori e metodo per la loro preparazione |
| US5409683A (en) | 1990-08-23 | 1995-04-25 | Regents Of The University Of California | Method for producing metal oxide aerogels |
| DE69128073T2 (de) | 1990-08-23 | 1998-02-26 | Univ California As Represented | Verfahren zur herstellung von metalloxidaerogelen mit dichte weniger als 0,02 g/cm3 |
| US5106604A (en) | 1991-03-12 | 1992-04-21 | Pradyot Agaskar | Use of metal salts in the synthesis of oligomeric hydrogensilsesquioxanes via hydrolysis/condensation reactions |
| US5206189A (en) | 1991-10-25 | 1993-04-27 | Instituto Guido Donegani S.P.A. | Sol-gel method for the preparation of monolithic multicomponent oxide glasses |
| EP0585456B1 (en) * | 1992-02-18 | 1997-05-07 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Process for producing hydrophobic aerogel |
| US5565142A (en) | 1992-04-01 | 1996-10-15 | Deshpande; Ravindra | Preparation of high porosity xerogels by chemical surface modification. |
| JP3314935B2 (ja) | 1992-05-20 | 2002-08-19 | イー・アイ・デユポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | 無機ゲルを作るための方法 |
| US5395805A (en) | 1993-03-25 | 1995-03-07 | Regents Of The University Of California | Method for making monolithic metal oxide aerogels |
| US5420168A (en) | 1993-04-01 | 1995-05-30 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Method of low pressure and/or evaporative drying of aerogel |
| US5376449A (en) | 1993-07-09 | 1994-12-27 | Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. | Silica powders for powder evacuated thermal insulating panel and method |
| WO1995017347A1 (en) | 1993-12-23 | 1995-06-29 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Silica aerogel produced under subcritical conditions |
| US5470802A (en) * | 1994-05-20 | 1995-11-28 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method of making a semiconductor device using a low dielectric constant material |
| DE4422912A1 (de) * | 1994-06-30 | 1996-01-11 | Hoechst Ag | Xerogele, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung, sowie ihre Verwendung |
| US5473826A (en) | 1994-08-19 | 1995-12-12 | Yazaki Corporation | Process for drying sol-gel derived porous bodies at elevated subcritical temperatures and pressures |
| DE4437424A1 (de) | 1994-10-20 | 1996-04-25 | Hoechst Ag | Aerogelhaltige Zusammensetzung, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung sowie ihre Verwendung |
| US5807494A (en) | 1994-12-15 | 1998-09-15 | Boes; Ralph Ulrich | Gel compositions comprising silica and functionalized carbon products |
| US5876686A (en) | 1995-06-28 | 1999-03-02 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for making inorganic oxide gels in fluorocarbon solvents |
| US6168773B1 (en) | 1995-12-20 | 2001-01-02 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Rapid process for making silica gel and silicate polymer and low density gels made thereby |
| US5928723A (en) * | 1997-04-09 | 1999-07-27 | Cabot Corporation | Progress for producing surface modified metal oxide compositions |
-
1997
- 1997-04-09 US US08/826,982 patent/US6172120B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-04-09 KR KR1019997009292A patent/KR20010006212A/ko not_active Ceased
- 1998-04-09 WO PCT/US1998/007374 patent/WO1998045035A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-04-09 BR BR9814240-2A patent/BR9814240A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-04-09 JP JP54319398A patent/JP2001518835A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1998-04-09 CN CN98806028A patent/CN1116923C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-04-09 CA CA002286147A patent/CA2286147A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-04-09 AU AU71127/98A patent/AU7112798A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-04-09 EP EP98918149A patent/EP0973604A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU7112798A (en) | 1998-10-30 |
| EP0973604A1 (en) | 2000-01-26 |
| JP2001518835A (ja) | 2001-10-16 |
| CN1259885A (zh) | 2000-07-12 |
| US6172120B1 (en) | 2001-01-09 |
| BR9814240A (pt) | 2002-02-05 |
| KR20010006212A (ko) | 2001-01-26 |
| CN1116923C (zh) | 2003-08-06 |
| WO1998045035A1 (en) | 1998-10-15 |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |