CA2228916A1

CA2228916A1 - Window and/or french window for buildings and section for use with such a window and/or french window

Info

Publication number: CA2228916A1
Application number: CA002228916A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Joseph Fischl; Walter Renz; Otto Sprenger
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Gretsch Unitas GmbH
Priority date: 1996-06-07
Filing date: 1997-05-30
Publication date: 1997-12-18
Also published as: EP0843768A2; DE59712572D1; KR19990036268A; WO1997047844A2; DE19722527A1; NO980525D0; JPH11510868A; NO980525L; EP0843768B1; WO1997047844A3; EP0843768B2; ATE317487T1

Abstract

A window and/or French window for buildings has a casing and at least one leaf with a leaf frame composed of adjacent sections made of wood or plastics, for example. In at least one partial area of the casing, the section that forms the casing has one section part (10', 10c') which is arranged on the outer side of the window or French window and forms a cover, a second section part to be mounted in the window opening and extending up to the inner side of the window or French window, and a third section part (10''', 10c''') which interconnects the first and second section parts.

Description

W~D 97/47844 PCT/DE97/01082 ~indow and/or French Window for Buildings and 8ection for Use with 8uch a Window and/or French Window The invention relates to a window and/or French window for buildings, especially outside doors for buildings according to the preamble of claims 1, 3 and 25 and a section that corresponds t~ the preamble of claims 33, 34 and 42.
For the purposes of this invention, doors for buildings are especially also outside doors for buildings, such as, e.g., balcony or terrace doors or French windows for buildings.
The object of the invention is to demonstrate a window and/or French window for buildings that is distinguished by an especially small and compact casing section and especially also ensures effective protection against weather for the leaf frame, as well as improved anti-burglary protection.
To achieve this object, a window and/or French window for buildings is designed according to claims 1, 3, and 25. A
section is designed corresponding to claims 33, 34, and 42.
The following, i.a., are common to all embodiments of the nvention:
~ The respective system represents a very economical solution; in particular, no additional outer covers of the window or French window leaf are necessary.
~ The casing section that preferably consists of metal, for example, aluminum or else also a high-strength, fiber-reinforced plastic, has very slender or narrow dimensions. Consequently, with building opening predefined dimensions, larger glass surface areas and thus higher light yield are possible.
~ The casing section has extremely good static and dynamic values, despite its slender and narrow dlmenslons .
~ The casing section does not absorb any moisture.
Therefore, no volume changes or disruptions of function that are caused in this respect occur.
~ The invention ensures improved anti-burglary protection since there is virtually no gap between the casing and the leaf frame that would be suitable for the insertion of a burglar tool.
For the purposes of this invention, "casing section" is dlefined as a section from which, i.a., the outer portions of the c~sing directly adjoining the masonry, and also steps of the c~sing, etc. can be made.
The invention is explained in more detail below based on the figures in the embodiments. Here:
Fig. 1 shows in simplified form a horizontal or vertical section through the leaf frame as well as casing of a window and/or French window for buildings, specifically, for example, in the area of the lower, horizontal portion of the window or the French window;
Fig. 2 shows a horizontal or vertical section through a joint structure of a window and/or French window for buildings, as well as through the vertical or horizontal elements of two adjoining leaves;
Fig. 3 shows a view like Figure 2, but with solid steps;
Fig. 4 shows a horizontal section through the leaf frame of a window and/or French window for buildings that forms a cuff;
Fig. S in a view similar to Figure 1, shows a horizontal and/or vertical section through the leaf frame, as well as the casing and through the adjoining masonry of a window or French window for buildings;
Fig. 6 in a view similar to Figure 3, shows a horizontal or vertical section through a joint structure of a window and/or French window for buildings, as well as through the vertical or horizontal elements of two adjoining leaves, in the case of a solid step;
Fig. 7 shows a view like Fig. 1, but with another embodiment of the invention with a plastic leaf frame and with a casing section that is slightly different from that in Fig. 1, Fig. 8 shows a view similar to Fig. 1, but with another embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 9 shows a horizontal or vertical section through a solid step and through the vertical or horizontal elements of two adjoining leaves;
Fig. 10 shows a horizontal or vertical section through a solid step and a leaf that is arranged on one side on this step and a solid field that is arranged on the other side of the step;
~ig. l:L in a partial view shows the inside view of two adjoining fields of a window and/or French window for buildings that are arranged in the casing;
~ig. 12 shows a horizontal section through the leaf frame of a window and/or French window for buildings that forms a cuff;
~ig. 1:3 shows a horizontal or vertical section through a step that is arranged on the leaf, ~ig. 14 shows a horizontal or vertical section through a casing of a window and/or French window for buildings in the area of a solid field;
~ig. 1'~ in a detailed view and in section shows a glass strip-holding section together with a fastening section that is to be mounted on the casing section for use in the solid field of Fig. 14;
~ig. 16 shows a vertical section through the lower horizontal portion of a casing in a French window, as well as through the lower horizontal portion of the leg of this French window;
~ig. 17 shows a view like Fig. 16, but with another embodiment;
~ig. 1~3 in a simplified view and in the horizontal section, shows the cross joint of a solid cross-step arrangement that is arranged in the casing;

s Fig. 19 in a horizontal or vertical section shows the casing section and the connection of this section to an end of a step of the cross-step arrangement;
~ig. 20 in a diagrammatic view shows the connection of Fig. 19;
~ig. 21 shows a view similar to Fig. 19, but with a step arranged on the leaf frame;
~lg. 22 shows a view similar to Fig. 10, but with a solid step made of a wood section between the left solid field in Fig. 22 and the right leaf that can pivot and/or tilt in this figure;
~ig. 23 in vertical section shows a view of the connection between an upper leaf that can tilt or pivot and a lower solid field;
~ig. 24 shows a view similar to Fig. 23, but with a horizontal solid step that is arranged in a casing and an upper and a lower leaf that can tilt or pivot adjacent to this step;
~ig. 25 shows a horizontal or vertical section through the casing as well as the adjoining leaf frame in a structural glazing;
~ig. 26 shows a horizontal or vertical section through the casing that is sealed with sealing pieces;
~ig. 27 in an enlarged detailed view shows the sections of Figure 8;
~ig. 28 in partial view shows an outside view of the casing of Fig. 1 in the area of a corner;

- Fig. 2'3 in a simplified view shows a horizontal section through the leaf frame, as well as the casing of a window for buildings, specifically with a window leaf that is designed as a rotating-tilting leaf;
Fig. 3t) in a perspective exploded view shows the basic elements of the rotating-tilting fitting of the window for buildings of Figure 29;
Fig. 3:L in a perspective exploded view shows another embodiment of a fitting.
In the description below, reference is made mainly to windows for buildings, but the following description also applies to the same exten1 to French windows for buildings. In Figure l, l is a window leai~ with a leaf frame 2 that is formed from lengths of a wood section and with an insulating glazing 3 that is arranged in leaf frame 2.
A casing in which window leaf l is arranged to pivot and/or to tilt is referred to as 4. The plane of the window opening is referred to as M. Leaf frame 2 or the wood sections that form this leaf i-ra~e have usual fold 5 on the outer periphery of the leaf frame On the inside, leaf frame 2 is arranged with a recess 6 that is open toward the opening and toward the outside oi' window :Leaf l, in which insulating glazing 3 is held by means of a pad, not shown, as well as by means of a section 7 that is arranged on the outer side of the leaf; the latter with a circumferential seal (8) (seal section) that completely covers section 7 t:oward the outside and that adjoins the outside surface of insulating glazing 3 has the function of a glass strip.

Section 7 is made of, for example, metal, e.g., aluminum or an aluminum alloy. Seal 8 is formed by a circumferential section that is made of rubber or a soft plastic. Seal 8 corresponds to the inside of the window leaf of a seal 9 (seal section).
A characteristic of the window that is depicted consists of the fact that casing 4 is formed by four rectangular adjacent lengths of a casing section 10, which basically consists of two section parts 10' and 10'' that are connected together via heat insulation or a section part 10''' that forms an insulating element. Section part 10', which is arranged on the outside of the window, extends basically parallel to plane M of the window opening and extends forward into this window opening of section parts 10'' and 10''' to the extent that section part 10' forms support or sealing surfaces for the outside of leaf frame 2 when window leaf 1 is closed and completely covers the outside of leaf frame 2 that is parallel to plane M when window leaf 1 is closed toward the outside, so that, viewed from outside, i.e. especially also with respect to outside weather influences, the window in t;he closed state corresponds to a metal window. In the sectional view of Figure 1, two section parts 10'' and 10''' lie basically p,_rpendicular to plane M, whereby section part 10'' extends up to t]he inside of the window and adjoins the outside of the window at section part 10'' of section part 10''', which is arranged between section parts 10' and 10''.
A characteristic of casing section 10 consists of the fact that the l~tter has only a small overall height; the existing window or building opening is thus reduced to only a small extent by casing 4. For this reason, the window that is depicted in F:Lgure 1 o:r casing 4 there is also especially suitable for the restoratio]n or renewal of building windows if, in this case, an o:Lder, still usable casing is to be left in the respective window opening in order to avoid major work, especially masonry work.
A~Eter suitable cutting and/or raising and/or notching of the existing c;lslng, casing 4 is then fastened in a suitable way to the latter. In the embodiment depicted, casing section 10 shows in particular the design that is described in still more detail below.
In the embodiment depicted, section part 10''' consists of two strip-like elements 11 made of an insulating material, which form a thermal gap and in each case snugly engage at their two edges in recesses of adjoining section part 10' or 10'' and between them form a closed channel-like cavity 12 that is closed to the outside and that extends perpendicular to the drawing plane of Figure 1 and which are molded flat on their external surfaces, ;so that on the outside a basically rectangular cross-section is produced for section part 10''' in the cross-section view of Figure 1, specifically with surfaces that are perpendicular to plane M.
Section part 10' consists basically of a wall section 13, which, with casing 4 installed, lies in a vertical plane, i.e. in a plane that is parallel to plane M and at its free end, i.e., at some distance from section part 10''', turns into an oblique, rising wall section 14. With its open edge and with the open edge of an additional rib 15 that is molded on below wall section 1~, this wall section 14 forms support surfaces against which seal 8 rests when window leaf 1 is closed. Owing to the oblique outlines both of the outside surface of seal 8 and the top side of wall section 14, an outer drain for rain water is formed.
Where ection part 10''' rests on section part 10', section part 10 is arranged on the inside with a wall section 16 that is parallel to wall section 13 and at some distance from the latter.
Wall sections 13 and 16 are connected together via an upper rail 17 and a lower rail 18. In the area of rail 17 a receptacle for a circumferential outer seal 19 that is arranged on casing 4 is formed, against which closed window leaf 1 rests tightly with the outside of leaf frame 2. To ensure a snug connection between two elements 11 and section part 10' three strip-like projections 20 and 21, which also extend in the direction perpendicular to the drawing pllne of Figure 1 and of which the middle projection is widened in a dovetail shape at its free end, have their wall section 16 on the side that faces away from rails 17 and 18, in such a way that between, in each case a projection 20 and projection 21, a dovetail-shaped opening is formed for the snug connection of elements 11.
Section part 10'' consists of a wall section 22 that directly adjoins section part 10'' which is parallel to plane M and in turn has projections 20 and 21 on its side that faces section p.~rt 10'''. In addition, section part 10'' has foot-like or s1_rip-like wall sections 23-25 which in each case are arranged Oll the outside of casing 4 and are also parallel to plane M and turn into a bend 26 or 27 at their lower free ends in each case in Figure L. Each bend extends in the shape of a strip in the d:Lrection perpendicular to the drawing plane of Figure 1.
Wall sections 22-25 are connected together via rails 28, 29, 30, which in each case lie in planes that are perpendicular to p:Lane M. :[n the area of wall section 22 and rail 28 there, a receptacle or groove 31' for an internal circumferential seal 31 that is arranged on casing 4 is formed, against which leaf frame 2 rests in the area of fold 5 when the window leaf is closed.
As Figure 1 additionally shows, wall sections 16 and 22 are arranged over the top side of section part 10''', so that between these wall sections and above section part 10'',' and thus also between seals 19 and 31, a channel is formed in which water can collect. Through an opening 32 in wall section 16 and an opening 3:3 in rail 18, this water can then run off to the outside. Since wall section 13 projects downward over rail 18, opening 33 is arranged in a protected way, so that for this purpose, water cannot penetrate from the outside into the water collecting channel or else only in the space of section part 10' that is formed between rails 17 and 18 if wind is present. In the d:irection of the width of the window, i.e., in the direction perpendicuLar to the drawing plane of Figure 1, openings 32 and 33 are off;et with respect to one another.
Figure 1 shows a section through the lower, horizontal part of window Leaf 1 and casing 4. It is understood that both leaf frame 2 and casing 4 are designed alike all the way around, i.e., including :in the vertical sections and in the upper horizontal section, whereby water outlet openings 32 and 33 preferably are a:rranged facing only in the downward direction, however.
It was also assumed that window leaf 1 can be tilted and/or pivoted. It was also basically possible, however, when using same casing 4, to provide a solid glass field, with the advantage that this solid glass field and the window leaf that can tilt and/or pivot, when viewed from the outside of the building, look alike.
On the inside of the window, casing section 10 or section part 10'' can be covered by a shield or covering ridge that is made of wood or aluminum, as indicated by dashed lines in Figure 1 at 34, so that the inside of the window gives the impression of a wooden window, at least when it is closed. At the same time shield 34 is then also used as an additional seal between the outside surface of casing 4 and the boundary area of the window opening thlt encloses this casing.
Figure 2 shows a vertical step 35, which is a component of the casing that is otherwise not shown, as well as two window leaves 1 in the closed state with, in each case, a leaf frame 2.
W:indow step 35 is formed by two casing sections 10, which with their outsides that face bends 26 and 27 are arranged facing parallel to one another and some distance apart. Two casing sections 10 are connected together by a connecting and spacer section 36, which in the embodiment depicted is constructed basically as a double-T-section with a T-leg 37, which engages in, in each case, a recess of casing section 10 that is formed between wall sections 22 and 23 and with a clamping or holding CA 022289l6 l998-02-06 s1:rip 39 that is arranged on other T-leg 38, which are made of, for example, plastic, in which recesses of casing section lO that is formed between wall sections 24 and 25 engage and bends 27 that are located there snugly engage from behind. In addition, connecting piece 36 has locking elements 40 that act like a bow spring and engage in the recesses of casing section 12 that are formed between wall sections 23 and 24 and snugly engage from behind bends 26 and 27 that are located there. As Figure 2 shows, the connecting piece extends only between section parts l()''. In 1:he area between section parts lO''', a sealing strip 4~L (sealing section) that is made of rubber or plastic is arranged on the outside of step 35, which closes the gap there between two casing sections lO.
The rest of the design of casing section lO and leaf frame 2 correspondc; to that described above in connection with Figure l.
An extension of connecting piece 3 6 to the inside of the wi.ndow is indicated as 3 6' by dashed lines. This extension is used if, for example, increased strength for window step 35 is necessary and/or window step 35 is to be anchored in a building part in some other way.
As anot:her possible embodiment, Figure 3 shows a window step 3~ia, which is distinguished from window step 35 basically only in that not two casing sections lO that are connected together are provided, but rather these sections are combined together in a common sect:ion lOa, which in terms of its design corresponds ba.sically t:o double section lO, whereby, however, instead of two CA 022289l6 l998-02-06 external section parts 10', a through-going section part lOa' is p]ovided.
Finall~y, in a partial view and in a horizontal section, F:igure 4 shows two window leaves in the area of a cuff 42 that is formed between the two leaves when a window is closed.
Left w.indow leaf 1 in Figure 4 has in turn leaf frame 2 of the window of Figures 1-3. Right window leaf la in Figure 4 has, in the area of cuff 42 to which the closed window leaves directly adjoin, a :leaf frame section 2a, in such a way that vertical gap 4:3 on the .inside of the closed window runs exactly midway between the window leaves; the closed leaf parts are thus arranged to look exact.ly alike in the area of the cuff.
To the outside of the window or leaf frame 21 is fastened a metal sect.ion 44 that forms the cover, which has circumferential outer seal 19, against which leaf frame 2 rests when the window i-; closed. In addition, at its end away from leaf frame 2a section 44 forms the support surface for seal 8 of window leaf 1.
A1 its other end, section 44 additionally forms a support surface w:ith which this section seals against seal 8 of window leaf la.
A characteristic of the window of Figure 4 consists of the fact that :in each case the lower and upper horizontal part of the casing is :Eormed by a casing section 10, which is made through-going over the entire width of the window. In the area of cuff 4.', wall section 14 of each of these casing sections is recessed, specifical:Ly in such a way that when window leaves 1 and la are cLosed, section 44 fits into respective recess 45, whereby section 44, when the window is closed, extends above and below respectively into the space of casing section 10 that is formed between wall sections 13 and 14.
Figure 5 shows a section that is similar to Figure 1, in this case with a renovated window for buildings. In this case, casing 03r casing section 10 is fastened partially to an already present, old and milled-off casing 46 that is made of wood and protrudes somewhat outward into the window cavity. For thermal insulation, the space between the casing section and the fold is filled with an insulating material 47. In addition, a sealing section or sealing st:rip 48, which at the same time also seals gap 49 between ma,onry 50 and old casing 46, is located under the section th;~t provides thermal insulation and is formed by e:Lements 11.
Anothe:r possible embodiment is depicted in Figure 6. In this f:Lgure, 35b is a horizontal or vertical solid step of a casing, which in turn consists of two section parts lOb and lOb' that correspond to section parts lOa and lOa', which are connected together by elements 11 to ensure thermal separation. Sections lt)b and lOb' are, in turn, for example, metal sections or sections that are made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
The two leaf frames that are made of wood and that adjoin one another in the area of step 35b when closed are referred to as 2b. The latter are designed in the area of their outlying fold in such a way that when leaf frame 2b is closed, a recess 51, in which step 35b is completely accommodated, is formed between the latter. V:iewed from the inside lying above Figure 6, step 35b is covered by two closed leaf frames 2b, in such a way that between the latter only one slot 52 is visible, whose width is equal to that of the slot that also remains at the other edge of respective leaf frame 2b between the latter and the casing, for example belween leaf frame 2b and the shield or covering strip 34 that is arranged on the inside of the window and/or French window for buildings. When any leaf is closed, a circumferential slot oi~ uniform width is thus produced.
In the direction perpendicular to the plane of closed leaf frame 2b, step 35b has a dimension that is smaller than the thickness of leaf frame 2b in this axial direction.
As already described above in connection with Figure 3, in this embodiment as well closed leaf frames 2b are also completely covered by section lOb', which rests with its two edges against seal 8 of closed window leaf 1 or leaf frame 2b, on the outside in the area of step 35b.
A special advantage of the embodiment of Figure 6 also consists o:E the fact that leaf frame 2b can be designed identically in each case, in such a way that, when viewed from the inside of the window, these leaf frames have the same width in the area of steps 35b, which cannot be seen when leaf frames 2b are clo:;ed.
Basically, it is possible to make some or all of the above-described :;ections at least partially out of plastic. Thus, Fig.
7 shows a window leaf lc, whose leaf frame 2c is made from a leaf frame section 53, which is produced as a plastic hollow section w:ith severill self-contained chambers, specifically with an internal, externally covered reinforcement section 54 that is a:rranged in the area of the inside of the leaf and that is made of metal, preferably steel, and in this case preferably of stainless steel. Otherwise, on the outside leaf frame section 53 has the same section shape or fold 5 as leaf frame 2. Casing s,ection lOc is very similar to section 10. In each case, on the inside of the window opening that is grasped by this section, the s;hape or shaped piece of casing section 10c corresponds to the shape and shaped piece of section 10.
In the embodiment of Fig. 7, the casing is formed by casing section loc which, corresponding to section 10, has outer section part 10c' that is made of metal and inner section part 10c'', which is also made of metal, as well as sections 10c''' which connect these two section parts. Section part 10c' corresponds to section part 10'. Section part 10c'' is distinguished from section part 10'' basically in that, parallel to the rail or wall section 29, another wall section 29' is arranged in the area of the outer periphery of the casing. Wall sections 23, 24 and 25 with bends 26 and 27 are then arranged on this other wall section or rail. Rails 23 and 25 simultaneously also connect two wall sections 29 and 29' to a closed hollow section.
In addition, in Fig. 7, different areas in which holes for discharging water can be inserted into section part 10' are referred to as 33c.
Casing sections 10, 10a, 10b, 10c and corresponding leaf frames 2, 2a, 2b and 2c form a total system for windows or French windows, which is also especially characterized in that on the outside the leaf frame of the closed leaf is completely covered by section part 10', lOa' or lOc', and thus basically only insulating glazing 3 is visible from outside. Another characteri,tic of this system also consists of the fact that in the closed state leaf frame 2, 2a, 2b and 2c is completely inside casing 4, i.e., no cover that covers the inside surface of the casing is needed, especially on the inside of the respective leaf frame.
Figure;s 8-17 relate to a system which retains the above-mentioned optical design on the inside of the door or French window for buildings, in which, however, on the outside the leaf f:rame is arranged with a specific leaf-frame outer section and is covered by said outer section, which when the leaf is closed is connected to the casing section. When the leaf is closed, its exterior is in turn covered by sections, but an optical separation is provided.
In Fig. 8, ld is a window leaf with a leaf frame 2d that is formed from lengths of a wood section and with insulating glazing 3 that is arranged in this leaf frame. The casing is referred to as 4d. Window leaf ld can be arranged to pivot and/or to tilt in t]he latter. The plane of the window opening is in turn referred to as M. Leaf frame 2d or the wood section that forms this leaf frame has the section shape that was already described in connection with leaf frame 2, specifically with usual fold 5 on t]he outer periphery of the leaf frame and with recess 6, which is o]pen toward the opening as well as toward the outside of leaf frame ld and in which insulating glazing 3 is held in place by m,eans of the pad, not shown, as well as by means of an additional leaf-frame outer section 55, which in this respect also assumes the function of a glass strip. In the case of a simple window leaf or French window leaf, a total of four adjoining leaf-frame outer sect:Lons 55 are fastened to the outer surface of leaf frame 2cl in such a way that the outer surface is completely covered by acljoining :Leaf-frame outer sections 55.
Leaf-frame outer section 55, which is made from metal, for example, a:Luminum or aluminum alloy by extrusion, consists of several wa:Ll or section parts, which in each case extend over the entire length of leaf-frame outer section 55. The outside surface of this section is mainly determined by wall section 56 which, when leaf-frame outer section 55 is mounted on leaf ld, l:Les in a plane that is parallel or basically parallel to the p:Lane of insulating glazing 3. In the view that is selected for F:Lg. 8, at its upper area that extends in the longitudinal d:Lrection wall section 56 turns into two wall sections 57 and 58 that run perpendicular to the plane of wall section 56, which w:Lth their free edges 57~ and 58~ that are some distance from wall section 56 and that extend in longitudinal direction of leaf-frame outer section 55, adjoin the outer surface of insulating glazing 3.
Leaf-f]ame outer section 55 turns into a wall section 59, which is some distance from the side of wall section 56 that faces leaf frame 2d, on the longitudinal side that is some d:Lstance f]om wall sections 57 and 58, specifically in a plane that is pe]pendicular to the plane of wall section 56. At its end that is some distance from wall section 56, wall section 59 turns into another wall section 60. This recessed wall section 60, which lies in a plane parallel to the plane of wall section 5~;, protrudes over edge 56' of wall section 56 to casing 4d that extends in the longitudinal direction of leaf-frame outer section 55. Wall ,ection 60 is hooked at its end 61 that is some d:istance f;rom wall section 59, specifically in such a way that in the area oE this end, a groove 62 that extends over the entire length of leaf-frame outer section 55 and is open toward wall section 57 is formed, specifically at the side of wall section 60 that faces away from wall section 56 and between this wall section 60 and a leg-like wall section 63. Externally, a rail-l:ike wall section 64, which lies in a plane that is perpendicular to the plane of wall section 56 and whose free edge rests against the outside surface of leaf frame 2d, is molded onto wall section 63.
On the side of wall section 57 that faces wall section 60, a groove 65 1hat extends over the entire length of leaf-frame outer section 55 and that is open toward groove 62 is formed, which liies in a common plane with groove 62, whereby said plane is parallel to the plane of wall section 56.
Two grooves 62 and 65 are used to fasten leaf-frame outer section 55 to leaf frame 2d by means of holding clips 66. The latter consist of lengths of a basically U-shaped metal section, for example, a section that is made of aluminum or an aluminum a]loy. On a yoke-like wall section 67, each holding clip has two leg-like wall sections 68 and 69 that are some distance from the common side of this wall section, which turn into wall section 70 or 71 that is angled toward the outside at its free end and which are designled in the shape of strips and lie in a common plane that is parallel to the plane of wall section 67. On the side that faces away from wall sections 68 and 69, a rail-like wall section 72 is molded approximately in the center on wall section 67, which is some distance at right angles from the side of wall section 67 that faces away from wall sections 68 and 69.
Individual holding clips 66 are produced by cutting off from the, e.g., extruded section that has wall sections 67-72. For fastening ]holding clips 66, leaf frame 2d is provided on the outside with a slot 73, into which wall section 72 is inserted, and that i, open toward this outer side and is perpendicular to the plane of insulating glazing 3. Then, a hole is introduced into the leaf frame and wall section 72 from fold 5 of leaf frame 2d. A locking pin 74 is then pressed or driven into this hole, in such a way that holding clips 66 which engage with their wall sections 70 and 71 in grooves 65 or 62 and also leaf-frame outer section 55 on leaf frame 2d are held in place with the latter.
Between these free edges 57' and 58' and the outer surface of insulating glazing 3 is arranged a seal 75 which, in the embodiment depicted, consists of two components, specifically, for example, a prefinished sealing section or sealing strip (dry g:Lazing system) and a hardening sealing compound (liquid glazing system) that is applied in addition after the insulating glazing and leaf-frame outer section 55 are applied. Of course, it is possible for seal 75 to consist entirely of the prefinished sealing section or else an applied, hardened sealing compound.

Seal 9 thal is arranged on the inside can also be designed in the same way.
In the simplest case, casing 4d is formed from four lengths of a casing section lOd that adjoin one another at right angles, whereby in turn said casing section consists basically of two section parts that are made of metal, for example, aluminum or an a:Luminum alloy, specifically of section part lOd' that is arranged on the outer side of the window and section part lOd'' that is arranged on the inside. The two section parts are connected together by section part lOd''' that forms heat insulation or an insulating element.
As Fig:;. 8 and 27 show, section part lOd'' is identical to section part lOc'', and section part lOd''' is identical to section part 10''' or lOc'''. Section part lOd' is basically d:Lstinguished from section part lOc', i.a., only in that this section part has a small height in comparison to section part l()c' and i; also designed as a closed hollow section with two parallel wall sections 76 and 77, of which internal wall section 76 that faces, i.e., section part lOd''', has projections 20 and 2:L on its side that faces away from wall section 77, between which elements 11 of section part lOd''' that are used for a thermal gap are held in place. Two wall sections 76 and 77 that are arranged some distance apart and parallel to one another are connected l_ogether by two rail-like wall sections 78 and 79.
Lower rail--like wall section 79 in Fig. 8 is located approximately in the area of the center plane between elements l~L. While wall sections 78 and 79 are parallel to the planes of elements 11, wall sections 76 and 77 are perpendicular to these planes. At its upper end in Fig. 8, section part lOd' has another wall section 80, which originates from the connecting point of wall sections 77 and 78 and, viewed from the outside of t~he window, is curved in a convex manner just like wall section 5;B. Between the free end of wall section 80 and the transition between wall sections 78 and 76, a seal 81 is provided which rests against the outer surface of recessed wall section 60 of l,_af-frame outer section 55 when window leaf ld is closed. Also in the embodiment that is depicted in Fig. 8, further internal seal 31 is arranged in addition to outer seal 81. Both seals are dl_signed as closed, circumferential seals.
As Fig. 8 further shows, end 56' of wall section 56 that p:rojects downward over wall section 59 forms a water drip edge.
Owing to the above-described offsetting of wall sections 56 and 60 (wall section 56 projects further over the outside surface of leaf frame 2d than does wall section 60), this water drip edge is located approximately in the center over wall section 80, in such a way that water that drips from leaf-frame outer section 55 is d:rained off downward on the outside surface of section part lOd'.
Fig. 9 shows a, for example, vertical step 35d, which is a component of the casing, otherwise not shown, as well as, in the closed state, two window leaves ld with one leaf frame 2d in each c.~se. Window step 35d consists of a step or casing section lOe, which in principle is formed from two casing sections ld that are arranged a, mirror images in a center M' plane and are connected together, ,pecifically with outer section part lOe', inner section part lOe'', in each case made of metal, and center section parts lOe'''. Two elements 11 that are used for a t]~ermal gap are provided only twice, as was described above also in connection with Fig. 3 for step 35a mentioned there.
Two window leaves ld are in turn designed in the same way as was described above in connection with Fig. 8. This also applies especially to leaf-frame outer section 55 and its fastening, as w,ell as with respect to the fact that respectively closed window l,eaf ld rests with recessed wall section 60 of leaf-frame outer s,ection 55 against the respective free end of outer section part lOe' that is designed as a mirror image with respect to center plane M'.
Unlike section part lOd', section part lOe' is not constructed as a closed hollow section. Rather, in each case s,ection part lOe' has on each side from elements 11 a groove-like s,_rew channel 82 that extends over the entire length of the s,ection and is open to the inside.
Plane M' lies perpendicular to plane M of the window opening at the same distance from and parallel to elements 11.
Two additional screw channels 83 are arranged on the inside at section part lOe''. With the aid of these screw channels and s,crews that are engaged in the latter, step 35d that is cut to l,ength or countered at its ends, for example corresponding to c,asing section lOd, can be fastened to the casing.
In a view similar to Fig. 9, Fig. lo shows in turn step 35d, w]hereby window leaf ld that can swivel and/or tilt with leaf frame 2d is provided on only one side of this step, while a solid field 84, which has insulating glazing 3 that is held in place with a pad 85 directly on step 35d or on section lOe, adjoins the other side of step 35d. In this case, pad 85 supports internal section part lOe'' and external section part lOe', specifically in each case at projections 20. Insulating glazing 3 is held in place on its outer side in the area of its edge at the external circumferential seal 86 by section part lOe'. Internally, insulating glazing 3 is held in place via inner seal 9 by a glass strip 87 that is made of wood. The latter snugly engages directly into this section part with a side that is matched to the section of section part lOe''. As Fig. 10 further shows, glass stri]p 87 is arranged on the inside with a circumferential recess 88 in such a way that on the inside of the window between the glass strip and step 35d, but also between this glass strip and the casing, a visible seam is formed that corresponds to the seam between leaf frame 2d and step 35d or the casing. For w:indow leaE ld and solid field 84, a basically identical optical appearance is thus produced inside, as is depicted in very s:implified form in Fig. 11.
In a simplified partial view and in a horizontal section, F:ig. 12 shows two window leaves ld and le in the area of a cuff 8~3 that is formed between the two leaves. Lower window leaf ld in Fig. 12 that is made of wood has in turn leaf frame 2d with leaf-frame outer section 55. In Fig. 12, upper window leaf le that is made of wood has leaf frame 2e with leaf-frame outer section 55, as well as with an additional cuff section 90 that is also made of metal, preferably, aluminum, and that forms the cover. This section basically comprises a U-shaped wall section 91, which is fastened via a molded wall section 92 to leaf frame 2e, specifically in the embodiment depicted in the area of fold 5 by means of locking pins 74. In one leg, wall section 91 lies against recessed wall section 60 of leaf-frame outer section 55 of leaf frame 2e. With the other leg, wall section 91, when the window is closed, rests against wall section 60 of leaf-frame outer section 55 of leaf frame 2d. A characteristic consists of the fact that the outside surface of cuff section 90 or of wall section 91, when the window is closed, lies in a common plane with the outside surface of leaf-frame outer section 55 or its wall section 56.
Fig. 13 shows a window leaf lf with a step 93 that is provided on the leaf frame. Section 94 that is used for the step is designed similar to casing or step section 10e, except with smaller dimensions in terms of width and depth, i.e., the step section consists of an external section part 94' that is made of m~etal, which corresponds in form to section part 10e', and an internal step section 94'' that is made of metal. Between these slection parts, section part 94''' that is formed in turn from two elements 11 is arranged. Via circumferential seals 95, section part 94' rests on both sides in each case against the outside surface of an insulating glazing 3 in the area of the periphery of this insulating glazing. Outside step 93, seal 95 turns into, for example, seal 75 of Fig. 8. On the inside, a section or covering ridge 96 that is made of wood is arranged that rests via internal circumferential seals 9 against the inner surface of the CA 022289l6 l998-02-06 insulating glazing. Covering ridge 96 has a groove-shaped recess 97, which extends over the entire length of covering ridge 96 and is open toward the plane of insulating glazing 3. Several U-s]haped hol~ding clips 98, which are made of, for example, plastic or metal, are fastened in recess 97. Covering ridge 96 can be f~stened with these U-shaped holding clips by clipping to section part 94'', which protrudes over the plane of the inner surfaces oE insulating glazings 3. For this purpose, legs 98' of holding clips 98 form detentes that engage rasterings on section part 94''.
As a further embodiment, Figures 14 and 15 show a solid field 99 in a casing that is formed by casing section 10d. The solid field consists in turn of insulating glazing 3, which is held in place by means of pad 85 directly on casing section 10d, specifically in each case on projections 20 of section part 10d''' that face pad 85. On the outside, insulating glazing 3 is supported via circumferential seal 100 on section part 10d' and on the inside via circumferential seal 101 on a glass strip 102 that is fo:rmed by a wooden section. The latter is arranged on its peripheral side that faces away from the window openings with a glass st:rip-holding section 103, which is fastened via a fastening ,ection 104 to section part 10d.
Two sections 103 and 104 are made in each case of metal or v:iscous plastic. The glass strip-holding section is basically designed a:; a C-section with two legs 103' and 103''. Leg 103' has a detente 105 on an extension 103''' (Fig. 15). Fastening section 104 has, i.a., a first leg 104', which can be gripped f:rom behind by leg 103'', as well as a second leg 104'' with a detente 106 that forms a counterlock for detente 105. With the aid of a clamping section 104''', fastening section 104 can be mounted on section part lOd'' and fastened there in groove 31' by clamping. After fastening section 104 is mounted, the glass strip that was pre-mounted with glass strip holding section 103 is then pushed open from the inside of the window, i.e., in an axial direction that is perpendicular to the plane of insulating glazing 3, specifically in such a way that leg 103'' moves under lleg 104', extension 103''' moves under leg 104'', and detente 105 engages behind detente 106.
Fig. 16 shows the casing, as well as a door leaf lg in the lower, horizontal area. Casing section lOf is distinguished from casing section lOd basically only in that section part lOf' which corresponds to section part lOd' is made extremely low and has a w~ll section 107 that slopes off instead of upper, concave arched w~ll section 80. Wall section 78 is located in the plane of u]pper element 11 in Fig. 16. In two wall sections 76 and 77, w~ter flow openings or holes 108' and 109' are arranged directly a;bove wall section 78. A circumferential seal 110 is held in place on the side of wall section 76 that faces away from wall sl_ction 77. Water flow openings 108' and 109' are used to remove water from the water collection channel that is formed above upper element 11. The space between two elements 11 is filled with a filler material that insulates but that can support loads, for example plastic high-resistance foam 111.

Instead of leaf-frame outer section 55, a leaf-frame outer section 55a is used that is made flatter than leaf-frame outer section 55, but that has wall section 56 and especially recessed wall section 60, with which this section 55a rests directly against the outside surface of leaf frame 2g. With the aid of a material rail 112 that is molded onto the inside of wall section 56 and a bend 113, section 55a is held in place on leaf frame 2g.
Fig. 17 shows an embodiment similar to Fig. 16 in the case of a door leaf lh with leaf frame 2h. A leaf-frame outer section 5';b, which corresponds to leaf-frame section 55 in terms of its design but has a somewhat greater height, is fastened to the outside surface of the leaf frame. For fastening, holding clips 6~ja are used, which are distinguished from holding clips 66 basically only in that two wall sections 72 that are some distance from the back side are provided, which in each case engage in a slot 73 in leaf frame 2h, in such a way that each holding cl:ip is held in two places over each locking pin 74.
On leai~-frame outer section 55b, section 114 that is used as a water repeller is then attached to the lower edge of wall section 56 with a wall section 114' that runs toward the outside.
A characteristic consists of the fact that the lower, horizontal portion of the casing is formed by a casing section 10g, whose inner and center section parts 10'' and 10g''' correspond to section parts 10d' and 10d'', whose outer section pclrt lOg' LS defined basically as an H-section, but namely with two shortened wall sections 76 and 77 and wall section 79 that connects to the latter, whereby wall section 80 is eliminated, and from wall section 78 only two rails that extend inward and lie in the plane of upper element 11 remain. A cover section 115 that is mal~e of an elastic material, for example elastic plastic, i, fastened to casing section lOg. The latter covers section parts lOg' and lOg''' and is held in place, on the one hand, with an area on this leg that surrounds leg 22 and, on the other hand, with an area that extends from above to section part lOg' on this section part. The top side of cover section 115 slopes off to the outside. Covering section 115 simultaneously forms a seal that works together with leaf frame 2f. The embodiments of Figures 16 and 17 are distinguished in each case by a low t]hreshold height. In these figures, in each case, the level of t]he adjoining floor is indicated by 116. In the embodiment of Fig. 17, the threshold height is extremely low and is, for example, only about 17 mm.
Below, a new type of step connection will now be explained in connection with Figures 18-21.
In a simplified, partial view, Fig. 18 shows three step s,ections lOe that are connected to form a cross-step, of which a t]hrough-going step section forms vertical step 35d and two step s,ections lOe on vertical step 35d form laterally adjoining horizontal steps 117. To connect step section lOe, two pairs of two holes 118 apiece are provided in the step section that forms vertical step 35d or in section part lOe'' that is located there.
Holes 118 of each pair are coaxial to one another and are arranged perpendicular to center plane M'. In the view of Fig.
13, the pairs of holes lie perpendicular to the reference plane of this figure behind one another in such a way that only one p~ir of holes 118 is visible. Holes 118 intersect the two screw channels. The distance between each hole of a pair and the corresponding hole of the other pair in the direction of longitudinal extension of step 3Sd is equal to the distance b~_tween screw channels 83. In holes 118 connecting pins 119 are arranged which at both ends are some distance from section part llDe'' and in each case engage in a screw channel 83 of section lOe of adjoining step 117 and are held in place there by a clamping support. A cross connection between section parts lOe'' of steps 35d and 117 is thus produced via pins 119.
Section parts lOe' of steps 35d and 117 are also connected together via pins 120. Two holes 121 which are offset in the longitudinal direction of this step are arranged in the two longitudinal sides of section part lOe' of section lOe of vertical step 35 (Fig. 20). Holes 121 are as far apart as two screw channels 82 on section part lOe'. In each case a pin 120 i; arranged in screw channels 82 of section part lOe' of horizontal step 117. Each pin 120 extends with its end into a hole 121 in such a way that section parts lOe' are also connected together. Likewise at the ends that are some distance from the cross joint section parts lOe' of steps 35d and 117 are connected to the casing or to section lOd that forms this casing i.e. hole~ 121 which are parallel to wall sections 76 and 77 as well as perpendicular to the planes of wall sections 78 and 79 are arranged in section part lOd' or in wall sections 78 and 80 that are located there. The mounting of a cross step 35d/117 is done in such a way that first steps 35d and 117 are connected in t]he above-described way to the cross joint of Fig. 18 via pins 119 and 120. Then, the thus finished cross step is used in the previously finished casing. Then, the pins that are in screw c]hannels 82 of section part lOe' are moved from the inside of tihis section part into holes 121 of section part lOd' of the casing with a suitable tool, for example, a screwdriver, to the extent that each pin 120 lies with part of its length in a screw c;hannel 82 and with another part of its length in hole 121. This connection between casing 4d and steps 117 is made possible by the fact that screw channels 82 or their slots are accessible from the back side.
Fig. 21 shows the connection between the step section or slection part 94' and leaf-frame outer section 55. This connection, too, is produced in an analogous way using two pins 120 in each case, which are arranged in screw channels 82 of s,ection part 94'. Screw channels 82 or their slots are in turn a,-cessible from the inside of section 94 in such a way that pins 120 can be pushed into holes 121 that are provided in leaf frame outer section 55.
Fig. 22 shows a window cuff 42a that is similar to cuff 42 of Fig. 4 between both leaves 1 and la. Instead of metal section 44, a somewhat taller metal section 44a is used, which has leg 44a' and extends with its outside surface approximately up to the plane of the outside surface of wall section 13 of outer section part 10' of casing section 10, which is not shown in Figure 22.

Just like cuff design 42, cuff design 42a can also be the connection between a window leaf 1 that can pivot and tilt and a solid field, which is provided instead of leaf la and in which leaf-frame section 2a then forms a solid step, for example, a vertical step, that is fastened to the casing.
In vertical section, Figures 23 and 24 both show a window arrangemenlt in the area of a horizontal step 122 or 123. The sleps are made of, for example, wood. Step 122 is a component of a solid field in Fig. 23. Window leaf 1 is arranged above it. A
metal section 44b that corresponds to section 44a is arranged on s1ep 122, which is distinguished from section 44a basically only in the fact that a leg 44a', i.e., the lower leg in Fig. 22, is omitted and replaced by a bend 124. Between this bend and outer seal 8 of solid field 84b, a relatively broad slot 125 is present to provide ventilation to the rear and to allow water to drain.
St:ill, outer seal 8 is covered to a very large extent by section 44b.
In the embodiment of Fig. 24, two leaves 1 are connected to st:ep 123. On the outside of the step, a section 44c that corresponds to section 44b is arranged, which is distinguished from section 44b by a larger width and also by the fact that two circumferelltial outer seals 19 are arranged on section 44c.
A water collecting channel 126, from which water is removed ei,ther at both ends or else via additional oblique holes 127, is formed in step 123. In each case, holes 127 end in the space behind sect:ion 44c. Removal of water to lower slot 125 is ensured by corresponding holes 128 in the section rails.

CA 022289l6 l998-02-06 Fig. 25 shows the use of casing section lOd in a structural gLazing, i.e., in a window leaf li, in which insulating glazing 3 i; arranged on leaf frame 2i in such a way that, when the window i; open, t]he insulating glazing is fully visible, and when the window is ,-losed, it is covered only in the area of its edge by outer circumferential seal 81 that is arranged on section part lOd'. An angular metal-holding section 129, which is used to secure insulating glazing 3, is fastened to leaf frame 2i.
Fig. 2~5 again shows casing section lOd together with sealing pieces 130, which seal the space behind outer section part lOd' in the corners.
All sections 10-lOg and 94 can be produced, for example, in that first and second section parts 10'-lOg' and 10''-lOg'' or 9~' and 94'' are made from metal by extrusion and then are merged in a suitable device with elements 11 in such a way that the latter extend with their longitudinal edges in each case into the grooves that are formed between projections 20 and 21. Then, w:ith a device that has rollers, outer projections 20 are continuously deformed or bent in the direction toward inner projection; 21 in such a way that elements 11 are snugly held in p:Lace at their edges between projections 20 and 21.
Section parts 10' and 10'' are in each case produced as one p:Lece with all their wall sections that are described below by extrusion :Erom a suitable material, for example, metal, e.g., a]Luminum or an aluminum alloy. As a material for section parts 1()' and 10'', however, plastic materials, for example plastics reinforced with fibers (e.g., glass fibers and/or carbon fibers), CA 022289l6 l998-02-06 such as, for example, PVC, polyamide, etc., are suitable. When section parts 10' and 10'' are produced from plastic, the latter can also be produced in one piece with center section part 10'''.
In particular, when section parts 10', 10'', lOa', lOb', loc', lOc'', lOd', lOd'', lOe', lOe'', lOf', lOf'', lOg', lOg'', 9~' and 94'' are made from metal, for example aluminum or an a:Luminum alloy, separating elements 11 are made from a high-load, preferably fiber-reinforced plastic.
Corner connectors (angle pieces) that are made of metal or p:Lastic and that in each case connect together two adjoining section pa:rts 10' of section 10 at corners and for this purpose are fastened with their legs 131' in section parts 10' by, for example, gluing, are referred to as 131 in Figures 1 and 28. It goes without saying that these corner connectors 131 or similar corner connectors can also be used in other sections lOa-lOg.
St:rength and anti-burglary protection are further enhanced by the corner connectors.
The windows and French windows for buildings according to the invention :in any case provide good protection against burglaries since when the window or French window is closed, no gap that would be easily accessible to burglary tools between the casing and the leaf frame is formed.
In a s:implified view and in vertical section, Figure 29 shows a window leaf that is generally referred to as lj and that is designed, ior example, similar to window leaf 1, specifically provided with a leaf frame 2j and with an insulating glazing that is providecl in this leaf frame and is not shown in Figure 29.

By using a rotating-tilting fitting 132, whose basic components are reproduced in Figure 30, window leaf lj is arranged to pivot and tilt in casing 4j. The latter is only very diagrammatically represented in Figure 29 and is formed from, for example, casing section 10. It goes without saying that for casing 4j, another of the above-mentioned casing sections can also be used, for example casing section 10c or 10d.
Fitting 32, which is described in detail in EP 0 438 740 Al and which is expressly referred to here, comprises, i.a., lower rotating-and-tilting bearing 133, which is arranged in the area of a lower corner between a horizontal and a vertical section of leaf frame 2j on fold 5 that is located there, and an exhibition device 134 with rod-shaped push-out arm 135.
Rotating-and-tilting bearing 133 consists basically of two parts, namely of bearing part 136 that is designed as an angle piece and that is to be fastened to-leaf frame 2j and bearing part 137 that is to be fastened to casing 4j, i.e., to the lower v~ertical part of this casing in the area of the window opening.
A projection 138, which is designed in the shape of a cylinder and lies with its cylindrical axis parallel to the plane of window leaf lj and perpendicular to the low, horizontal side of lleaf frame 2j, is molded onto bearing part 136. On the lower side, projection 138 has a bearing bore 139 that is designed as a pocket borehole and is configured on the inside like a hollow ball and that is widened like a funnel toward its lower open end.
Bearing part 137 is arranged with a pivot journal 140, which is adjustably arranged on bearing part 137 and is designed spherically at its free end, such that pivot journal 140 fits into bearing bore 39. When fitting 132 is mounted, projection 138 is accommodated in a recess 141 in leaf frame 2j. Recess 141 is open on. the lower side of leaf frame 2j. Projection 138 is completely accommodated in this recess, especially in such a way that projection 138 does not project over the lower side of leaf frame 2j. Bearing part 137 is fastened to the section of the casing section that lies closer to the inside of the window, i.e., for example when casing section 10 is used on section part 10'', when. casing section lOc is used on section part lOc'', and when casing section lOd is used on section part lOd'', specifically in each case on rail 29.
Exhibition device 134 further comprises a fastening angle 142, which. is hinged at a first end of push-out arm 135 with a leg by means of a hinge pin 143. Fastening angle 142 can be fastened t.o casing 4j with the other leg, for example, when casing section 10, lOc or lOd is used in turn on section part 10'', lOc'' or lOd''.
With its second end that lies some distance from hinge pin 143, push-out arm 135 is held in place to pivot and to move in the longit.udinal direction of the fold on a guideway, not shown, that is arranged on an upper, horizontal portion of leaf frame 2j in the area of fold 5.
Fittin.g 132 further comprises commonly used cuff rails 144 that are arranged in the area of fold 5 with connecting rod 145 that is gu.ided into the latter and that is moved in the longitudinal direction in the known way when a window handle, not shown, is actuated and are arranged on locking elements 146 which, when the fitting is closed, engage in locking pieces 147 that are arranged on leaf frame 2j to close window leaf lj.
When, for example, casing section 10, lOc or lOd is used, these locking pieces 147 are in turn arranged on section part 10'', lOc'' and 10'', specifically in each case on rail 29.
A cuff rail 144 with corresponding connecting rod 145 and locking elements 146 is also arranged on the upper, horizontal portion of leaf frame 2j, in such a way that when the fitting is in the closed position as well as in the pivoting position, at lleast one locking element 146 works together with a locking plate 148 on the lower side of push-out arm 135 and locks push-out arm 145 on leaf frame 2j to keep it from pivoting around its second end, in such a way that in the pivoting position of the fitting, window leaf lj can pivot around the common axis of pivot pin 140 and hinge pin 143.
In a view similar to Figure 30, Figure 31 shows a fitting 132a, which is distinguished from fitting 132 basically in that instead of upper exhibition device 134, an upper bearing 133a is provided, which consists of an angular bearing part 136a with projection 138a. Projection 138a is completely accommodated in a recess in the leaf frame. Bearing part 136a is fastened analogously to bearing part 136, but in the upper corner. In p:rojection 138a, a bearing pin 149 is arranged to be able to move axially, specifically with the aid of a lever 150 that can be actuated manually. Bearing 133a comprises a bearing part 137a, which is mounted corresponding to bearing part 137 on the respective casing section and which, instead of pivot journal 140, has a bearing bore 151, in which pivot journal 149 engages when the window leaf is closed or when the window leaf is in the pivoting position. By means of pivoting lever 150, the pivot journal can be moved back in such a way that it is released from bearing bore 151. This fitting 132a is also described in detail in EP 0 438 740.
A characteristic of fitting 132 or 132a consists of the fact that, i.a., especially lower rotating-and-tilting bearing 133 and/or upper bearing 133a are optically virtually invisible; in particular, bearing part 136 and/or 136a is fastened invisibly in the area of fold 5, and projection 138 or 138a is also accommodated in recess 141 that is closed toward the inside of the window leaf. Another characteristic of fitting 131 or 132a consists of the fact that, i.a., closed window leaf lj lies with its inner surface without a cover flush with the inside surface of casing 4j.
The invention was described above in embodiments. It goes without saying that changes as well as modifications are possible. For example, projection 138 and pivot journal 140 can also be reversed with respect to how they are attached to bearing parts 136 and 137.

CA 022289l6 l998-02-06 List of Reference ~ymbols 1, la, lb, lc, ld Window leaf (also French window leaf) le, lf, lg, lh, li, lj window leaf (also French window leaf) 2, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d leaf frame 2e, 2g, 2h, 2g, 2i, 2j leaf frame 3 insulating glazing 4, 4d, 4j casing fold/folding 6 recess 7 glass strip section 8, 9 seal (seal section for glazing) 10, lOa, lOb, lOc casing section lOd, lOe, lOf, lOg casing section 10', lOa', lOb', lOc' section part lOd', lOe', lOf', lOg' section part 10'', lOc'', lOd'' section part lOe'', lOf'', lOg'' section part 10''', lOc''', lOd''' section part lOe''', lOf''', lOg''' section part 11 element (thermal gap) 12 cavity 13-16 wall section tsection wall) 17, 18 rail (section rail) 19 seal 20, 21 projection (section projection) 22-25 wall section (section wall) 26, 27 bend (section bend) 28-30 rail (section rail) 29' wall section 31 ' seal 31' groove 32, 33, 33c water outlet opening 34 shield (covering strip) 35, 35a, 35b step 36 connecting element (connecting section) 36' extension 37, 38 leg locking element 41 sealing strip (sealing section) 42, 42a window cuff 43 gap 44, 44a, 44b, 44c metal section 44a' leg recess 46 casing 47 insulating material 48 sealing strip 49 gap masonry 51 recess 52 slot 53 leaf frame 54 section 55, 55a, 55b leaf-frame outer section 56 wall section 56' wall 57-60 wall section 57', 5B' edge 61 end 62 groove 63, 64 wall section groove 66, 66;~ holding clip 67-72 wall section 73 slot 74 locking pin seal 76-80 wall section 81 seal 82, 83 screw channel 84, 84a, 84b solid field pad 86 seal 87 glass strip 88 recess 89 cuff cuff section CA 022289l6 l998-02-06 91, 92 wall section 93 step 94 step section 94', 9~ , 94''~ section part/step section seal 96 covering section 97 recess 98 holding clip 98' leg 99 solid field 100, 101 seal 102 glass strip 103 glass strip holding section 103', :L03'' leg 104 fastening section 104', :L04'' leg 104''' clamping section 105, 106 detente 107-10!3 wall section 108', :L09' water outlet opening/hole 110 seal 111 filling material 112 rail 113 bend 114 water repeller 114' leg 115 . covering section 116 level 117 step 118 hole 119, 1:20 fastening pin 121 hole 122, 1;73 step 124 bend 125 slot 126 water collecting channel 127, 1;'8 hole 129 holding section 130 sealing piece 131 corner connector/angle piece 131' - leg 132, 1:32a rotating-and-tilting fitting 133, 1:33a rotating-and-tilting bearing 134 exhibition device 135 push-out arm 136, 1:36a, 137, 137a bearing part 138, 1:38a projection 139 bearing bore 140 pivot ~ournal 141 recess 142 fastening angle 143 hinge pin 144 cuff rail 145 connecting rod CA 022289l6 l998-02-06 14 6 locking element 147 locking piece 148 locking plate 149 bearing pin 150 lever 151 bearing bore

Claims

1. Window and/or French window for buildings, consisting of a casing (4), on which at least one-leaf (1-1c) with a leaf frame (2-2c) is arranged, whereby leaf frame (2-2c) is composed of adjacent sections made of, for example, wood or plastic, characterized in that in at least one partial area of the casing, casing section (10, 10c) that forms casing (4, 4c) has one section part (10', 10c') that is arranged on the outer side of the window or French window and forms a cover, a second section part (10'', 10c'') to be mounted in the window or French window openings and extending up to the inner side of the window or French window, and a third section part (10''', 10c'''), which interconnects the first and second section parts, and in that when the window or French window is closed, first section part (10', 10c') completely covers leaf frame (2-2c) on the outside.

2. Window and/or French window for buildings according to claim 1, wherein a glazing (3) of window leaf (1, 1a, 1c) is held in place by an external glass strip that is provided with a seal (8), preferably formed by a section (7), and wherein, with its free end that projects into the window opening, first section part (10') of casing section (10) forms a contact for this seal (8).

3. Window and/or French window for buildings, consisting of a casing (4, 4d), on which at least one leaf (1-1i) with a leaf frame (2-2g) is arranged, whereby leaf frame (2-2g) is composed of adjacent sections made of, for example, wood or plastic, wherein in at least one partial area of the casing, casing section (4d) that forms casing (4d) has one section part (10'-10f') that is arranged on the outer side of the window or French window and forms a cover, a second section part (10''- 10g'') to be mounted in the window and/or French window openings and extending up to the inner side of the window and/or French window, and a third section part (10'''- 10g'''), which interconnects the first and second section parts, and wherein when the window or French window is closed, first section part (10'-10g') overlaps a leaf-frame outer section (55, 55a, 55b) that is arranged on the outer side of leaf frame (2-2g).

4. Window and/or French window for buildings according to claim 3, wherein leaf-frame outer section (55, 55a, 55b) completely covers leaf frame (2d-2e-2g) on its outer side.

5. Window and/or French window for buildings according to one of the preceding claims, wherein leaf-frame outer section (55, 55a, 55b) via at least one seal (75) rests against glazing (3) of the leaf in the area of the periphery of this glazing.

6. Window and/or French window for buildings according to one of the preceding claims, wherein leaf-frame outer section (55, 55a, 55b) forms an external glass strip for glazing leaf (1d, 1h).

7. Window and/or French window for buildings according to one of the preceding claims, wherein leaf-frame outer section (55, 55a, 55b) is held in place by means of holding clips (66, 66a) on leaf frame (2d-2g), whereby each holding clip (66, 66a) engages with rasterings or wall sections (70, 71) from behind counterlocks (62, 65) at the back of leaf frame outer section (55, 55a, 55b).

8. Window and/or French window for buildings according to one of the preceding claims, wherein leaf-frame outer section (55, 55a, 55b) has a recessed wall section (60), against which first section part (10'-10'g) of the casing section rests when the leaf is closed.

9. Window and/or French window for buildings according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each holding clip (66, 66a) has at least one wall section (72) that is used as a fastening rail, which is arranged in a plane that is perpendicular to the plane of the leaf in a slot (73) of the leaf frame, and wherein each holding clip (66, 66a) is secured by at least one locking pin (74) that penetrates wall section (72).

10. Window and/or French window for buildings according to claim 9, wherein at least one locking pin (74) is introduced from fold (5), which forms the periphery of the leaf frame, into the leaf frame and into wall section (72).

11. Window and/or French window for buildings according to one of the preceding claims, wherein casing section (10-10g) that forms casing (4, 4c, 4d) in the entire area of the casing consists of the first, second and third section parts.

12. Window and/or French window for buildings according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least third section part (10'''-10g''') is designed as an insulating element and is made from a material with low heat conductivity.

13. Window and/or French window for buildings according to claim 12, wherein third section part (10'''-10g''') consists of plastic, preferably fiber-reinforced plastic.

14. Window and/or French window for buildings according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and/or second section parts (10'-10g'; 10''-10g'') are in each case a metal section, preferably a section that is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

15. Window and/or French window for buildings according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in addition to the seal for glazing on casing (4-4d), an outer circumferential seal (19) and an inner circumferential seal (31) are provided, which work together with leaf frame (2-2h).

16. Window and/or French window for buildings according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a shield (34), preferably made of wood, for covering the passage between casing (4) and a surface surrounding the window or French window opening.

17. Window and/or French window for buildings according to one of the preceding claims, wherein casing section (10, 10e) forms a window or French window step (35, 35a, 35b, 35d).

18. Window and/or French window for buildings according to one of the preceding claims, wherein window or French window step (35, 35a, 35b, 35d) is formed from two lengths of casing section (10, 10a) that are connected together.

19. Window and/or French window for buildings according to claim 18, wherein the two lengths of the casing section that form window or French window step (35) are connected together by a connecting piece (36).

20. Window and/or French window for buildings according to one of the preceding claims, wherein leaf frames (2b) or the wood section that forms said leaf frames are designed in such a way that in the area of steps (35b) of adjacent leaf frames, the latter form a recess (51), in which step (35b), when viewed from the interior of the window and/or French window for buildings, is completely covered by leaf frame (2b).

21. Window and/or French window for buildings according to one of the preceding claims, wherein when said window is designed as a double-leaf window or double-leaf French window with a cuff (42, 42a), a section (44, 44a, 44b, 44c, 90) that forms the cover is fastened to the vertical portion of a leaf frame (2a).

22. Window and/or French window for buildings according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a recess (45) for said cuff section (44) is arranged in casing section (10) in the upper and lower horizontal areas of casing (4).

23. Window and/or French window for buildings according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one leaf (1-1i) with a leaf frame (2-2i) is arranged to pivot and/or to tilt on casing (4, 4c, 4d), and wherein, upon closing, leaf (1-1i) preferably swivels into casing (4, 4d), specifically without a cover on the inner side of the window and/or French window, whereby preferably leaf (1, 1i) in the closed state lies with the inner surface of its leaf frame in a plane or basically in a common plane with inner surface (25) of the casing section.

24. Window and/or French window for buildings according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the glazing of leaf frame (2i) is a structural glazing, and wherein when leaf (1i) is closed, first section part (10d') of casing section (10d) rests at its periphery against glazing (3) via a seal (81).

25. Window and/or French window for buildings, consisting of a casing (4, 4c, 4d), on which at least one leaf (1-1i) with a leaf frame (2-2i; 94) is arranged, whereby the leaf frame is composed of adjacent sections made of, for example, wood or plastic, wherein in at least one partial area of a section part (10e', 94') that is arranged on the outer side of the window or French window or on the inner side of the French window, section (10-10g; 94) that forms casing (4, 4c, 4d) and/or section (10-10g; 94) that forms the leaf frame consists of metal or plastic, and wherein slotted screw channels (82) that extend in the longitudinal direction of the section on an internal side of this section part are arranged, which are freely accessible via their slot for the insertion of a tool, and wherein to connect these section parts (10e', 94') to another section part (10d', 10e') that crosses the section part, a pin (120) that is arranged in at least one screw channel (42) extends into a hole (121) that is introduced by axial movement into another section (10d', 10e') to such an extent that the pin is arranged with part of its length in screw channel (82) and with another part of its length in hole (121).

26. Window and/or French window for buildings according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one section part (10e', 94') is part of a step (35d, 93) that is arranged in the casing or in the leaf frame.

27. Window and/or French window for buildings according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the leaf has at least one step (93) on the leaf frame, and wherein step (93) is formed from a step section (94), which consists of a first section part (94') that is arranged on the outer side of the window or French window and that forms an outer cover for glazing (3), a second section part (94'') that is arranged on the inner side of the window or the French window, and a third section part (94'''), which connects the first and second section parts and extends from the outside to the inside of the leaf basically between glazings (3) that are adjacent to the area of step (93).

28. Window and/or French window for buildings according to claim 27, wherein an inner covering strip (96) is put on second section part (94'') preferably with the aid of cliplike holding elements (98), and wherein the covering strip rests via inner seals (9) against the inner side of the glazing in the edge area.

29. Window and/or French window for buildings according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in a French window for buildings, casing section (10f, 10g) that forms the lower horizontal section is made with reduced height in the area of first section part (10f', 10g').

30. Window and/or French window for buildings according to claim 29, wherein the casing section that forms the lower horizontal section of the casing in the area of first section part (10g') as well as in the area of subsequent third section part (10g''') is covered at the top by a covering section (115).

31. Window and/or French window for buildings according to one of the preceding claims, wherein French window-frame outer section (55b) is designed at the bottom with an additional section that forms a water repeller (114).

32. Window and/or French window for buildings according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a rotary fitting (132a) or rotating-and-tilting fitting (132) that is arranged between leaf (1j) and casing (4j) with a bearing (133, 133a, 134) that is arranged in the area of the lower and the upper corner of the rotary side of leaf (1j), whereby the upper and/or lower bearing, which is designed as a rotary or rotating-and-tilting bearing, is formed from a first angular bearing part (136, 136a), which is fastened on leaf frame (2j) in the area of fold (5) to two sides of leaf frame (2j) that form the corners and has a projection. (138, 138a) that is some distance from the plane that is defined by the angle piece, and is formed by a second bearing part (137, 137a), which is fastened to second section part (10'', 10c'', 10d'') of casing section (10, 10c, 10d), whereby both bearing parts are connected via a pivot journal (140, 149), which engages in a bearing bore (139, 151), and whereby bearing bore (139) or pivot journal (149) is arranged on projection (138, 138a) that is installed preferably in a recess (141) of leaf frame (2j) and covered by leaf frame (2j).

33. Section for the casing of a window and/or French window for buildings, in which at least one leaf (1-1c) with a leaf frame (2-2c) is arranged on the casing, whereby leaf frame (2-2c) is composed of adjacent sections made of, for example, wood or plastic, wherein in at least one partial area of the casing, casing section (10, 10c) that forms casing (4, 4c) has a first section part (10', 10c') that is arranged on the outer side of the window or French window and forms a cover, a second section part (10'', 10c'') to be mounted in the window or French window openings and extending up to the inner side of the window or French window, and a third section part (10''', 10c'''), which interconnects the first and second section parts, wherein, when the window or French window is closed, first section part (10', 10c') completely covers leaf frame (2-2c) on the outside.

34. Section for the casing of a window and/or French window for buildings, in which at least one leaf (1-li) with a leaf frame (2-2g) is arranged on the casing, whereby leaf frame (2-2g) is composed of adjacent sections made of, for example, wood or plastic, wherein in at least one partial area of the casing, casing section (4d) that forms the casing has a first section part (10'- 10f') that is arranged on the outer side of the window or French window and forms a cover, a second section part (10''- 10g'') to be mounted in the window and/or French window openings and extending up to the inner side of the window or French window, and a third section part (10'''- 10g'''), which interconnects the first and second section parts, and wherein first section part (10'-10'g) is designed in such a way that when the window or French window is closed, it overlaps a leaf-frame outer section (55, 55a, 55b) that is arranged on the outerside of leaf frame (2-2g).

35. Section according to claim 34, wherein at least third section part (10'''-10g''') is designed as an insulating element and is made from a material with low heat conductivity.

36. Section according to claim 34 or 35, wherein third section part (10'''-10g''') consists of plastic, preferably fiber-reinforced plastic.

37. Section according to one of the preceding claims, wherein first and/or second section parts (10'-10g'; 10''-10g'') are in each case metal sections, preferably sections that are made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

38. Section according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a shield (34), preferably made of wood, for covering the passage between casing (4) and a surface that surrounds the window or French window opening.

39. Section according to one of the preceding claims, wherein casing section (10, 10e) forms a section for a window or French window step (35, 35a, 35b, 35d).

40. Section according to one of the preceding claims, wherein window or French window step (35, 35a, 35b, 35d) is formed by two lengths of casing section (10, 10a) that are connected together.

41. Section according to claim 40, wherein the two lengths of the casing section that form window or French window step (35) are connected together by a connecting piece (36).

42. Leaf-frame outer section, wherein leaf-frame outer section (55, 55a, 55b) completely covers leaf frame (2d-2e-2g) on its outer side.

43. Leaf-frame outer section according to claim 42, wherein leaf-frame outer section (55, 55a, 55b) can be fastened by means of holding clips (66, 66a) on leaf frame (2d-2g), whereby each holding clip (66, 66a) engages with rasterings or wall sections (70, 71) from behind counterlocks (62, 65) at the back of leaf-frame outer section (55, 55a, 55b).

44. Leaf-frame outer section according to claim 42 or 43, wherein leaf-frame outer section (55, 55a, 55b) has a recessed wall section (60), against which first section part (10'-10g') of the casing section rests when the leaf is closed.

45. Leaf-frame outer section according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each holding clip (66, 66a) has at least one wall section (72) that is used as a fastening rail, which is arranged in a plane that is perpendicular to the plane of the leaf in a slot (73) of the leaf frame, and wherein each holding clip (66, 66a) is secured by at least one locking pin (74) that penetrates wall section (72).

46. Section or leaf-frame outer section according to one of the preceding claims, wherein slotted screw channels (82) that extend in the sectional longitudinal direction are arranged on an internal side of this outer section and are freely accessible via their slot for the insertion of a tool.

47. Section or leaf-frame outer section according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by its production from metal, preferably from aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

48. Section or leaf-frame outer section according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by its production from plastic.