CA2163967C - Method and apparatus for glow discharge plasma treatment of polymer materials at atmospheric pressure - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for glow discharge plasma treatment of polymer materials at atmospheric pressure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2163967C CA2163967C CA002163967A CA2163967A CA2163967C CA 2163967 C CA2163967 C CA 2163967C CA 002163967 A CA002163967 A CA 002163967A CA 2163967 A CA2163967 A CA 2163967A CA 2163967 C CA2163967 C CA 2163967C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- glow discharge
- plasma
- electrodes
- web
- discharge plasma
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- -1 etc. Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 94
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241001354243 Corona Species 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100037681 Protein FEV Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710198166 Protein FEV Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YQGOJNYOYNNSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N eosin Chemical compound [Na+].OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=C2C=C(Br)C(=O)C(Br)=C2OC2=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=C21 YQGOJNYOYNNSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003574 free electron Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000592 inorganic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005596 ionic collisions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J7/00—Details not provided for in the preceding groups and common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J7/24—Cooling arrangements; Heating arrangements; Means for circulating gas or vapour within the discharge space
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32082—Radio frequency generated discharge
- H01J37/32174—Circuits specially adapted for controlling the RF discharge
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C59/14—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by plasma treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C23/00—Influencing air flow over aircraft surfaces, not otherwise provided for
- B64C23/005—Influencing air flow over aircraft surfaces, not otherwise provided for by other means not covered by groups B64C23/02 - B64C23/08, e.g. by electric charges, magnetic panels, piezoelectric elements, static charges or ultrasounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/56—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving in association with fibre formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion of staple fibres
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32082—Radio frequency generated discharge
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32431—Constructional details of the reactor
- H01J37/32733—Means for moving the material to be treated
- H01J37/32752—Means for moving the material to be treated for moving the material across the discharge
- H01J37/32761—Continuous moving
- H01J37/3277—Continuous moving of continuous material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
- H05B7/16—Heating by glow discharge
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C59/14—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by plasma treatment
- B29C2059/145—Atmospheric plasma
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
- B29K2023/12—PP, i.e. polypropylene
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/32—Processing objects by plasma generation
- H01J2237/33—Processing objects by plasma generation characterised by the type of processing
- H01J2237/336—Changing physical properties of treated surfaces
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/068,508 US5387842A (en) | 1993-05-28 | 1993-05-28 | Steady-state, glow discharge plasma |
| US08/068,508 | 1993-05-28 | ||
| US08/068,739 US5456972A (en) | 1993-05-28 | 1993-05-28 | Method and apparatus for glow discharge plasma treatment of polymer materials at atmospheric pressure |
| US08/068,739 | 1993-05-28 | ||
| US08/145,786 | 1993-10-29 | ||
| US08/145,349 US5403453A (en) | 1993-05-28 | 1993-10-29 | Method and apparatus for glow discharge plasma treatment of polymer materials at atmospheric pressure |
| US08/145,786 US5414324A (en) | 1993-05-28 | 1993-10-29 | One atmosphere, uniform glow discharge plasma |
| US08/145,349 | 1993-10-29 | ||
| PCT/US1994/006151 WO1994028568A1 (en) | 1993-05-28 | 1994-05-26 | Method and apparatus for glow discharge plasma treatment of polymer materials at atmospheric pressure |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2163967A1 CA2163967A1 (en) | 1994-12-08 |
| CA2163967C true CA2163967C (en) | 2008-11-04 |
Family
ID=27490710
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002163967A Expired - Fee Related CA2163967C (en) | 1993-05-28 | 1994-05-26 | Method and apparatus for glow discharge plasma treatment of polymer materials at atmospheric pressure |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0700577A4 (de) |
| JP (1) | JPH08511898A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR960702844A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU679237B2 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2163967C (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1994028568A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5714308A (en) | 1996-02-13 | 1998-02-03 | Eastman Kodak Company | Atmospheric pressure glow discharge treatment of polymeric supports to promote adhesion for photographic applications |
| US5789145A (en) * | 1996-07-23 | 1998-08-04 | Eastman Kodak Company | Atmospheric pressure glow discharge treatment of base material for photographic applications |
| US5872426A (en) * | 1997-03-18 | 1999-02-16 | Stevens Institute Of Technology | Glow plasma discharge device having electrode covered with perforated dielectric |
| US6900592B2 (en) | 1997-03-18 | 2005-05-31 | The Trustees Of The Stevens Institute Of Technology | Method and apparatus for stabilizing of the glow plasma discharges |
| US6879103B1 (en) | 1997-03-18 | 2005-04-12 | The Trustees Of The Stevens Institute Of Technology | Glow plasma discharge device |
| DE19713127C1 (de) * | 1997-03-27 | 1998-11-12 | Brueckner Maschbau | Coronaelektroden-Anordnung |
| US5888713A (en) * | 1997-05-19 | 1999-03-30 | Eastman Kodak Company | Atmospheric pressure glow discharge treatment of paper base material for imaging applications |
| FR2782837B1 (fr) * | 1998-08-28 | 2000-09-29 | Air Liquide | Procede et dispositif de traitement de surface par plasma a pression atmospherique |
| DE69929271T2 (de) * | 1998-10-26 | 2006-09-21 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd., Kadoma | Apparat und Verfahren zur Plasmabehandlung |
| US6149985A (en) | 1999-07-07 | 2000-11-21 | Eastman Kodak Company | High-efficiency plasma treatment of imaging supports |
| EP1067432A1 (de) * | 1999-07-07 | 2001-01-10 | Eastman Kodak Company | Hocheffiziente Plasmabehandlung von Polyolefinen |
| DE10011274A1 (de) * | 2000-03-08 | 2001-09-13 | Wolff Walsrode Ag | Plasmabehandelte bahnförmige Werkstoffe |
| JP4930913B2 (ja) * | 2005-09-12 | 2012-05-16 | 東レバッテリーセパレータフィルム合同会社 | 多孔性素材のプラズマ処理方法及び処理装置 |
| CN101277726B (zh) | 2005-10-05 | 2012-05-30 | Sca卫生用品公司 | 含亲水区和疏水区的吸收性制品 |
| AU2005337071B2 (en) | 2005-10-05 | 2011-11-24 | Sca Hygiene Products Ab | Absorbent article comprising a thin film including an active agent |
| GB0615644D0 (en) | 2006-08-07 | 2006-09-13 | Airbus Uk Ltd | Method of manufacturing composite material |
| FR3013625B1 (fr) | 2013-11-28 | 2016-06-24 | Michelin & Cie | Element de renfort a section aplatie |
| FR3013622B1 (fr) | 2013-11-28 | 2016-06-24 | Michelin & Cie | Procede de traitement d'un element de renfort a section aplatie |
| EP3089721A1 (de) * | 2013-12-31 | 2016-11-09 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Verfahren zur herstellung einer hydrophilen vliesstruktur, dadurch hergestellte vliesstruktur und artikel mit der vliesstruktur |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB891469A (en) * | 1957-05-27 | 1962-03-14 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Improvements in polymers |
| FR2463975A1 (fr) * | 1979-08-22 | 1981-02-27 | Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) | Procede et appareil pour la gravure chimique par voie seche des circuits integres |
| JPS5747873A (en) * | 1980-09-03 | 1982-03-18 | Toshiba Corp | Plasma etching method |
| JPS58200529A (ja) * | 1982-05-19 | 1983-11-22 | Hitachi Ltd | プラズマ処理装置 |
| JPH062952B2 (ja) * | 1985-01-30 | 1994-01-12 | 株式会社島津製作所 | プラズマｃｖｄ装置及びプラズマｃｖｄによる成膜方法 |
| JPS6344965A (ja) * | 1986-04-22 | 1988-02-25 | Nippon Paint Co Ltd | 多層塗膜の形成法 |
| JPH06101446B2 (ja) * | 1989-05-26 | 1994-12-12 | 三菱電機株式会社 | プラズマ処理方法およびプラズマ処理装置 |
| JP3016821B2 (ja) * | 1990-06-15 | 2000-03-06 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | プラズマ処理方法 |
| JPH0582114A (ja) * | 1991-09-18 | 1993-04-02 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 二次電池 |
-
1994
- 1994-05-26 WO PCT/US1994/006151 patent/WO1994028568A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-05-26 AU AU69623/94A patent/AU679237B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-05-26 CA CA002163967A patent/CA2163967C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-05-26 EP EP94918192A patent/EP0700577A4/de not_active Ceased
- 1994-05-26 KR KR1019950705310A patent/KR960702844A/ko not_active Ceased
- 1994-05-26 JP JP7501055A patent/JPH08511898A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH08511898A (ja) | 1996-12-10 |
| CA2163967A1 (en) | 1994-12-08 |
| EP0700577A4 (de) | 1996-12-27 |
| EP0700577A1 (de) | 1996-03-13 |
| AU6962394A (en) | 1994-12-20 |
| KR960702844A (ko) | 1996-05-23 |
| WO1994028568A1 (en) | 1994-12-08 |
| AU679237B2 (en) | 1997-06-26 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20140527 |