CA1279198C - Zinc smelting process using oxidation zone and reduction zone - Google Patents
Zinc smelting process using oxidation zone and reduction zoneInfo
- Publication number
- CA1279198C CA1279198C CA000505638A CA505638A CA1279198C CA 1279198 C CA1279198 C CA 1279198C CA 000505638 A CA000505638 A CA 000505638A CA 505638 A CA505638 A CA 505638A CA 1279198 C CA1279198 C CA 1279198C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- slag
- zinc
- zone
- reduction
- oxidation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 134
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 73
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical class [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical class [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 61
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 3
- WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1C(C(=O)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Pb+2] HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XCAUINMIESBTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Pb]=S XCAUINMIESBTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011172 small scale experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000010269 sulphur dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004291 sulphur dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013072 incoming material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052566 spinel group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
- RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Zn+2] RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
- C22B13/02—Obtaining lead by dry processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/0028—Smelting or converting
- C22B15/003—Bath smelting or converting
- C22B15/0041—Bath smelting or converting in converters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/04—Obtaining zinc by distilling
- C22B19/10—Obtaining zinc by distilling in reverberatory furnaces
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPH0002 | 1985-04-03 | ||
| AUPH000285 | 1985-04-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1279198C true CA1279198C (en) | 1991-01-22 |
Family
ID=3771015
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000505638A Expired - Fee Related CA1279198C (en) | 1985-04-03 | 1986-04-02 | Zinc smelting process using oxidation zone and reduction zone |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1023904C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CA (1) | CA1279198C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE3611159A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR2579996B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB2173820B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| PL (1) | PL152530B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| YU (1) | YU44913B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| ZA (1) | ZA862380B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8626085D0 (en) * | 1986-10-31 | 1986-12-03 | Rtz Technical Services Ltd | Smelting complex polymetallic sulphide materials |
| DE3701846A1 (de) * | 1987-01-23 | 1988-08-04 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Direktes schmelzverfahren fuer sulfidische erze |
| RU2148096C1 (ru) * | 1999-04-19 | 2000-04-27 | Васильев Михаил Георгиевич | Способ переработки цинксодержащих концентратов |
| RU2283360C1 (ru) * | 2005-08-01 | 2006-09-10 | Владимир Александрович Гребенской | Способ переработки цинксодержащих материалов |
| CN102011014B (zh) * | 2010-11-21 | 2012-11-14 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | 连续炼铅装置及连续炼铅工艺 |
| CN102268557A (zh) * | 2011-08-02 | 2011-12-07 | 云南锡业集团（控股）有限责任公司 | 硫化铅精矿一步氧化熔炼、还原熔炼及炉渣烟化挥发方法 |
| CN103100719B (zh) * | 2012-11-12 | 2015-12-09 | 柳州百韧特先进材料有限公司 | 一种生产锌粉的工艺流程 |
| CN102965510B (zh) * | 2012-11-27 | 2014-12-10 | 中南大学 | 低硫含铅二次物料和富铁重金属固废的还原固硫熔池熔炼方法和设备 |
| CN102965509A (zh) * | 2012-11-27 | 2013-03-13 | 中南大学 | 处理废铅酸蓄电池胶泥与富铁重金属固废的方法及设备 |
| CN106222444A (zh) * | 2015-08-25 | 2016-12-14 | 赖成章 | 用高科技冶炼硫化锌矿方法 |
| CN105890362B (zh) * | 2016-04-28 | 2018-11-09 | 天津闪速炼铁技术有限公司 | 一种氧化和还原气氛共存的冶金反应装置 |
| CN106086463B (zh) * | 2016-08-02 | 2019-04-09 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | 铅锌矿的冶炼设备 |
| CN106498182B (zh) * | 2016-10-31 | 2018-10-02 | 云南驰宏锌锗股份有限公司 | 一种高效脱除氧化锌烟尘中氟氯杂质的复式冶金炉 |
| CN107475522A (zh) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-15 | 阳谷祥光铜业有限公司 | 一种从铜冶炼烟气制酸工序中产生的高铜硒废料中回收铜、硒和铅的方法 |
| CN108277361B (zh) * | 2018-04-08 | 2020-11-17 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | 一种粗铜火法连续精炼炉 |
| CN108759461B (zh) * | 2018-06-21 | 2023-12-15 | 赫章领轩环保科技有限公司 | 一种隧道式窑炉分级生产直接法氧化锌的设备及方法 |
| CN114182097B (zh) * | 2021-12-08 | 2024-03-12 | 西安建筑科技大学 | 一种含铜锌氧化物与硫化锌协同资源化的方法 |
| CN116219192B (zh) * | 2023-01-29 | 2025-04-18 | 中南大学 | 锌的冶炼方法及其应用 |
| CN116571553B (zh) * | 2023-05-23 | 2025-08-19 | 尚微生态科技有限公司 | 一种医疗废弃物分离纯化方法 |
| CN119824241B (zh) * | 2025-03-14 | 2025-06-03 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | 一种含锌氧化物料的处理方法及分区冶炼炉 |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU421261B2 (en) * | 1967-01-31 | 1972-02-11 | Ministerstvo Tsvetnoimetallurgii | A method of processing ores and concentrates containing rare metals and a unit for effecting said method |
| US3892559A (en) * | 1969-09-18 | 1975-07-01 | Bechtel Int Corp | Submerged smelting |
| DE2038227C3 (de) * | 1970-07-31 | 1973-06-20 | Vni Gornometallurgitscheskij I | Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Erzen und Konzentraten |
| US3941587A (en) * | 1973-05-03 | 1976-03-02 | Q-S Oxygen Processes, Inc. | Metallurgical process using oxygen |
| FI56397C (fi) * | 1974-07-05 | 1980-01-10 | Outokumpu Oy | Foerfarande och anordning foer suspensionssmaeltning av finfoerdelade sulfid- och/eller oxidmalmer eller -koncentrat |
| DE2807964A1 (de) * | 1978-02-24 | 1979-08-30 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen konvertierung von ne-metallsulfidkonzentraten |
| US4252560A (en) * | 1978-11-21 | 1981-02-24 | Vanjukov Andrei V | Pyrometallurgical method for processing heavy nonferrous metal raw materials |
| FR2444721A1 (fr) * | 1978-12-22 | 1980-07-18 | Mo I Stali I Splavov | Procede pyrometallurgique de transformation de minerais de metaux non ferreux lourds et four pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procede |
| DE3101369C2 (de) * | 1981-01-17 | 1987-01-08 | Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln | Verfahren zur Verhüttung von feinkörnigem sulfidischen Kupfererzkonzentrat |
| DE3420372A1 (de) * | 1984-06-01 | 1985-12-05 | Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln | Verfahren und einrichtung zur behandlung von schmelzfluessigen nichteisenmetallen und/oder deren schlacken durch aufblasen von reaktionsgasen |
-
1986
- 1986-03-27 GB GB8607670A patent/GB2173820B/en not_active Expired
- 1986-04-01 ZA ZA862380A patent/ZA862380B/xx unknown
- 1986-04-02 CA CA000505638A patent/CA1279198C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-04-03 CN CN86102264A patent/CN1023904C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-04-03 DE DE19863611159 patent/DE3611159A1/de active Granted
- 1986-04-03 PL PL1986258744A patent/PL152530B1/pl unknown
- 1986-04-03 FR FR868604777A patent/FR2579996B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1986-04-03 YU YU529/86A patent/YU44913B/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN86102264A (zh) | 1986-10-29 |
| ZA862380B (en) | 1986-12-30 |
| GB2173820A (en) | 1986-10-22 |
| PL152530B1 (en) | 1991-01-31 |
| CN1023904C (zh) | 1994-03-02 |
| YU44913B (en) | 1991-04-30 |
| DE3611159C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1989-12-28 |
| FR2579996A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1986-10-10 |
| GB8607670D0 (en) | 1986-04-30 |
| YU52986A (en) | 1988-10-31 |
| GB2173820B (en) | 1989-06-28 |
| FR2579996B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1989-04-28 |
| DE3611159A1 (de) | 1986-10-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |