CA1096021A - Photochemical diodes - Google Patents
Photochemical diodesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1096021A CA1096021A CA286,048A CA286048A CA1096021A CA 1096021 A CA1096021 A CA 1096021A CA 286048 A CA286048 A CA 286048A CA 1096021 A CA1096021 A CA 1096021A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- type
- diodes
- photochemical
- diode
- ohmic contact
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);selenium(2-) Chemical compound [Se-2].[Cd+2] UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(I) oxide Inorganic materials [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cuprous oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cu+].[Cu+] KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910005540 GaP Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 67
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 56
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 38
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 abstract description 37
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 23
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006552 photochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015843 photosynthesis, light reaction Effects 0.000 description 5
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009102 absorption Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229940093470 ethylene Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- VDQVEACBQKUUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M disodium;sulfanide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[SH-] VDQVEACBQKUUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229920006333 epoxy cement Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229940093476 ethylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 sulfide ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017115 AlSb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910004608 CdSnAs2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910004613 CdTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910005542 GaSb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003373 AgInS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005653 Brownian motion process Effects 0.000 description 1
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 101100130497 Drosophila melanogaster Mical gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001663154 Electron Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000673 Indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000557769 Iodes Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100345589 Mus musculus Mical1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007475 ZnGeP2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007707 ZnSnSb2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007709 ZnTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007569 Zn—Au Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aqua regia Chemical compound Cl.O[N+]([O-])=O QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005537 brownian motion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940075397 calomel Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- RPQDHPTXJYYUPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium arsenide Chemical compound [In]#[As] RPQDHPTXJYYUPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003465 moissanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013032 photocatalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001443 photoexcitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium;zinc Chemical compound [Se]=[Zn] SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/50—Processes
- C25B1/55—Photoelectrolysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
- B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C01B3/042—Decomposition of water
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M14/00—Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M6/00 - H01M12/00; Manufacture thereof
- H01M14/005—Photoelectrochemical storage cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S204/00—Chemistry: electrical and wave energy
- Y10S204/03—Auxiliary internally generated electrical energy
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US728,474 | 1976-09-30 | ||
US05/728,474 US4094751A (en) | 1976-09-30 | 1976-09-30 | Photochemical diodes |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA1096021A true CA1096021A (en) | 1981-02-17 |
Family
ID=24927012
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA286,048A Expired CA1096021A (en) | 1976-09-30 | 1977-09-02 | Photochemical diodes |
Country Status (16)
Families Citing this family (73)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2709385A1 (de) * | 1977-03-04 | 1978-09-07 | Heinrich Prof Dr Ing Gobrecht | Elektrolytische abscheidungszelle |
US4196263A (en) * | 1977-05-03 | 1980-04-01 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Semiconductor devices with enhanced properties |
IL54408A (en) * | 1978-03-31 | 1981-09-13 | Yeda Res & Dev | Photosynthetic process for converting carbon dioxide to organic compounds |
JPS6033298B2 (ja) * | 1978-05-26 | 1985-08-02 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | 電極光再生型光充電式半電池及びそれを用いた光化学電池 |
US4167461A (en) * | 1978-07-10 | 1979-09-11 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Photoenhanced reduction process |
US4251679A (en) * | 1979-03-16 | 1981-02-17 | E-Cel Corporation | Electromagnetic radiation transducer |
IL58441A (en) * | 1979-10-11 | 1982-11-30 | Yeda Res & Dev | Surface treatment of semiconductors for photovoltaic and photoelectro chemical applications |
US4280885A (en) * | 1979-11-09 | 1981-07-28 | Savery James W | Method of and apparatus for active electro-chemical water and similar environmental contaminant elimination in semi-conductor and other electronic and electrical devices and the like |
IL58747A (en) * | 1979-11-20 | 1982-11-30 | Yeda Res & Dev | Photoelectrochemical cell assembly having electrolyte contacts between semiconductor surfaces |
US4236984A (en) * | 1979-11-21 | 1980-12-02 | United Technologies Corporation | Hydrogen gas generation utilizing a bromide electrolyte, an amorphous silicon semiconductor and radiant energy |
US4357400A (en) * | 1979-12-11 | 1982-11-02 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Photoelectrochemical cell employing discrete semiconductor bodies |
US4263111A (en) * | 1979-12-17 | 1981-04-21 | United Technologies Corporation | Hydrogen generation utilizing semiconducting platelets suspended in a divergent vertically flowing electrolyte solution |
US4263110A (en) * | 1979-12-17 | 1981-04-21 | United Technologies Corporation | Hydrogen-bromine generation utilizing semiconducting platelets suspended in a vertically flowing electrolyte solution |
US4381233A (en) * | 1980-05-19 | 1983-04-26 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Photoelectrolyzer |
EP0062035B1 (en) * | 1980-10-14 | 1986-05-07 | United Technologies Corporation | Hydrogen gas generation utilizing a bromide electrolyte, a boron phosphide semiconductor and radiant energy |
DE3103350A1 (de) * | 1981-01-31 | 1982-08-26 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verfahren zur herstellung von kuepenfarbstoffen aus abfallprodukten der nitroanthrachinon- und anthrachinonsulfonsaeuresynthesen |
US4484992A (en) * | 1981-02-04 | 1984-11-27 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Process for the production of hydrogen by means of heterogeneous photoredox catalysis |
US4352722A (en) * | 1981-03-12 | 1982-10-05 | General Atomic Company | Integrated photovoltaic electrolytic cell |
DE3261445D1 (en) * | 1981-06-03 | 1985-01-17 | Graetzel Michael | Process for producing hydrogen and elemental sulphur by photochemical redox reaction of hydrogen sulphide and sulphides |
US4427509A (en) | 1982-05-03 | 1984-01-24 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Light driven photocatalytic process |
EP0100299B1 (de) * | 1982-07-21 | 1986-09-17 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Verfahren zur Produktion von Wasserstoff mittels heterogener Photoredoxkatalyse und dabei einsetzbare neue Katalysatoren |
US4533608A (en) * | 1982-09-09 | 1985-08-06 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Electrolytic photodissociation of chemical compounds by iron oxide photochemical diodes |
US4522695A (en) * | 1982-12-23 | 1985-06-11 | Neefe Charles W | Vapor phase hydrogen generator |
US4461691A (en) * | 1983-02-10 | 1984-07-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Organic conductive films for semiconductor electrodes |
US4466869A (en) * | 1983-08-15 | 1984-08-21 | Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. | Photolytic production of hydrogen |
US4722776A (en) * | 1984-03-14 | 1988-02-02 | The Texas A&M University System | One-unit photo-activated electrolyzer |
US4544470A (en) * | 1984-05-31 | 1985-10-01 | Ford Motor Company | Electrochemical photocatalytic structure |
US4668494A (en) * | 1984-12-24 | 1987-05-26 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Method of using solar energy in a chemical synthesis process |
US4643817A (en) * | 1985-06-07 | 1987-02-17 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Photocell device for evolving hydrogen and oxygen from water |
US4602988A (en) * | 1985-06-11 | 1986-07-29 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Photochemical production of hydrogen from hydrogen sulfide |
US4610766A (en) * | 1985-06-11 | 1986-09-09 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Photochemical production of hydrogen from hydrogen sulfide |
US4676878A (en) * | 1986-01-06 | 1987-06-30 | Ephriam Chez | Apparatus and method for electronic decomposition of water into aqueous free radicals and free electrons |
US4793910A (en) * | 1987-05-18 | 1988-12-27 | Gas Research Institute | Multielectrode photoelectrochemical cell for unassisted photocatalysis and photosynthesis |
DE4227963C2 (de) * | 1992-08-22 | 1996-01-25 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Granulat |
US5955776A (en) * | 1996-12-04 | 1999-09-21 | Ball Semiconductor, Inc. | Spherical shaped semiconductor integrated circuit |
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US3650844A (en) * | 1968-09-19 | 1972-03-21 | Gen Electric | Diffusion barriers for semiconductive thermoelectric generator elements |
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JPS50134391A (US20100223739A1-20100909-C00025.png) * | 1974-04-09 | 1975-10-24 | ||
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-
1976
- 1976-09-30 US US05/728,474 patent/US4094751A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1977
- 1977-08-18 IN IN1292/CAL/77A patent/IN149440B/en unknown
- 1977-09-02 CA CA286,048A patent/CA1096021A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-09-05 GB GB37025/77A patent/GB1529189A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-09-09 IL IL52913A patent/IL52913A/xx unknown
- 1977-09-12 AU AU28728/77A patent/AU501598B2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-09-16 GR GR54365A patent/GR63595B/el unknown
- 1977-09-20 SE SE7710513A patent/SE7710513L/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-09-23 DE DE19772742886 patent/DE2742886A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-09-24 ES ES462608A patent/ES462608A1/es not_active Expired
- 1977-09-26 BE BE181193A patent/BE859046A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-09-29 IT IT28104/77A patent/IT1085442B/it active
- 1977-09-29 FR FR7729377A patent/FR2366703A1/fr active Granted
- 1977-09-29 CH CH1191877A patent/CH629035A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-09-29 NL NL7710644A patent/NL7710644A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-09-30 JP JP11782077A patent/JPS5343488A/ja active Pending
-
1978
- 1978-09-01 ES ES473572A patent/ES473572A1/es not_active Expired
- 1978-09-01 ES ES473571A patent/ES473571A1/es not_active Expired
Also Published As
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---|---|
DE2742886A1 (de) | 1978-04-06 |
IL52913A0 (en) | 1977-11-30 |
JPS5343488A (en) | 1978-04-19 |
ES473572A1 (es) | 1979-05-01 |
IL52913A (en) | 1979-12-30 |
CH629035A5 (de) | 1982-03-31 |
ES473571A1 (es) | 1979-05-01 |
FR2366703B1 (US20100223739A1-20100909-C00025.png) | 1982-07-09 |
ES462608A1 (es) | 1978-11-16 |
IN149440B (US20100223739A1-20100909-C00025.png) | 1981-12-05 |
US4094751A (en) | 1978-06-13 |
GB1529189A (en) | 1978-10-18 |
NL7710644A (nl) | 1978-04-03 |
AU501598B2 (en) | 1979-06-21 |
BE859046A (fr) | 1978-01-16 |
IT1085442B (it) | 1985-05-28 |
SE7710513L (sv) | 1978-03-31 |
GR63595B (en) | 1979-11-26 |
AU2872877A (en) | 1979-03-22 |
FR2366703A1 (fr) | 1978-04-28 |
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