CA1090971A - Producing articles by coextruding polyvinyl alcohol and another thermoplastic material - Google Patents
Producing articles by coextruding polyvinyl alcohol and another thermoplastic materialInfo
- Publication number
- CA1090971A CA1090971A CA271,812A CA271812A CA1090971A CA 1090971 A CA1090971 A CA 1090971A CA 271812 A CA271812 A CA 271812A CA 1090971 A CA1090971 A CA 1090971A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- polyvinyl alcohol
- temperature
- extruder
- polymers
- coextruded
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920001944 Plastisol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004999 plastisol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000036366 Sensation of pressure Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 50
- 229940068984 polyvinyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 49
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004709 Chlorinated polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylmethane Natural products CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004299 exfoliation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006248 expandable polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000002226 simultaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012721 stereospecific polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/14—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the particular extruding conditions, e.g. in a modified atmosphere or by using vibration
- B29C48/147—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the particular extruding conditions, e.g. in a modified atmosphere or by using vibration after the die nozzle
- B29C48/1472—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the particular extruding conditions, e.g. in a modified atmosphere or by using vibration after the die nozzle at the die nozzle exit zone
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
- B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
- B29C48/21—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
- B29C48/32—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
- B29C48/335—Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles
- B29C48/337—Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles the components merging at a common location
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/22—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor using multilayered preforms or parisons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/065—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/22—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using plasticisers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
- B32B37/15—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer being manufactured and immediately laminated before reaching its stable state, e.g. in which a layer is extruded and laminated while in semi-molten state
- B32B37/153—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer being manufactured and immediately laminated before reaching its stable state, e.g. in which a layer is extruded and laminated while in semi-molten state at least one layer is extruded and immediately laminated while in semi-molten state
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D1/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material or by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
- B65D1/02—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
- B65D1/0207—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by material, e.g. composition, physical features
- B65D1/0215—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by material, e.g. composition, physical features multilayered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
- B29C2791/004—Shaping under special conditions
- B29C2791/007—Using fluid under pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
- B29C2948/92704—Temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
- B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
- B29C2948/92904—Die; Nozzle zone
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
- B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
- B29C2949/0861—Other specified values, e.g. values or ranges
- B29C2949/0872—Weight
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
- B29C48/10—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels flexible, e.g. blown foils
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/24—All layers being polymeric
- B32B2250/246—All polymers belonging to those covered by groups B32B27/32 and B32B27/30
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
- B32B2307/7242—Non-permeable
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
- B32B2307/7242—Non-permeable
- B32B2307/7246—Water vapor barrier
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
- B32B2307/7242—Non-permeable
- B32B2307/7248—Odour barrier
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
- B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
- B32B2323/04—Polyethylene
- B32B2323/043—HDPE, i.e. high density polyethylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
- B32B2323/04—Polyethylene
- B32B2323/046—LDPE, i.e. low density polyethylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
- B32B2323/10—Polypropylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2329/00—Polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylethers, polyvinylaldehydes, polyvinylketones or polyvinylketals
- B32B2329/04—Polyvinylalcohol
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
- Y10T428/1379—Contains vapor or gas barrier, polymer derived from vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride, or polymer containing a vinyl alcohol unit
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT20281A/76 | 1976-02-18 | ||
IT2028076A IT1055900B (it) | 1976-02-18 | 1976-02-18 | Procedimento per la produzione di articoli bi o multistratrati accop piati e coestrusi in materiale termoplastico impermeabili ai gas ai vapori ed agli odori |
IT2028176A IT1055976B (it) | 1976-02-18 | 1976-02-18 | Articoli a superficie chiusa bi o multistrati accoppiati e coestrusi in materiale termoplastico impermeabili ai gas ai vapori ed agli odori |
IT20280A/76 | 1976-02-18 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA1090971A true CA1090971A (en) | 1980-12-09 |
Family
ID=26327470
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA271,812A Expired CA1090971A (en) | 1976-02-18 | 1977-02-15 | Producing articles by coextruding polyvinyl alcohol and another thermoplastic material |
Country Status (20)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4244914A (en, 2012) |
JP (1) | JPS52100561A (en, 2012) |
AT (1) | AT372903B (en, 2012) |
AU (1) | AU511816B2 (en, 2012) |
BR (1) | BR7701061A (en, 2012) |
CA (1) | CA1090971A (en, 2012) |
CH (1) | CH616365A5 (en, 2012) |
CS (1) | CS210611B2 (en, 2012) |
DE (1) | DE2706882C2 (en, 2012) |
DK (1) | DK154615C (en, 2012) |
ES (1) | ES456391A1 (en, 2012) |
FR (1) | FR2341433A1 (en, 2012) |
GB (1) | GB1544780A (en, 2012) |
GR (1) | GR82304B (en, 2012) |
HU (1) | HU179544B (en, 2012) |
IN (1) | IN145943B (en, 2012) |
NL (1) | NL189238C (en, 2012) |
SE (1) | SE428542B (en, 2012) |
SU (1) | SU871735A3 (en, 2012) |
YU (1) | YU39184B (en, 2012) |
Families Citing this family (65)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1579872A (en) * | 1977-03-08 | 1980-11-26 | Ucb Sa | Cylindrical container body for packaging pressurised and nonpressurised materials |
FR2416784A1 (fr) * | 1978-02-13 | 1979-09-07 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Procede de fabrication de corps creux biorientes |
EP0030091B1 (en) * | 1979-11-28 | 1986-02-26 | Wirsbo Bruks Aktiebolag | Gaseous diffusion resistant article |
DE3047181A1 (de) * | 1980-12-15 | 1982-06-16 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Kunststoffrohr mit sauerstoffdichter ummantelung |
FR2507125A1 (fr) * | 1981-06-03 | 1982-12-10 | Rhone Poulenc Spec Chim | Procede de preparation de corps creux biorientes en matiere thermoplastique, comportant un revetement impermeable aux gaz et resistant a l'eau et les corps creux obtenus conformement a ce procede |
US4731266A (en) * | 1981-06-03 | 1988-03-15 | Rhone-Poulenc, S.A. | Water-resistant polyvinyl alcohol film and its application to the preparation of gas-impermeable composite articles |
JPS5894432A (ja) * | 1981-11-28 | 1983-06-04 | バスフ アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | ビニルアルコ−ル重合体から平面状成形体を製造する方法 |
US4536532A (en) * | 1982-05-27 | 1985-08-20 | Miller Gerald W | Plasticized polyvinyl alcohol compositions, forming process and formed articles |
US4478971A (en) * | 1983-07-08 | 1984-10-23 | Shakespeare Company | High temperature extruded polyvinyl alcohol monofilament and process for the preparation thereof |
US4649004A (en) * | 1983-12-27 | 1987-03-10 | Toyo Seikan Kaisha, Ltd. | Process for production of multi-layer pipes for draw-forming |
US4558792A (en) * | 1984-04-12 | 1985-12-17 | Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. | Container such as a nursing container, with flexible liner and access site and method of making said access site |
WO1985004572A1 (en) * | 1984-04-12 | 1985-10-24 | Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. | Container such as a nursing container, with flexible liner and access site and method of making same |
GB2163386A (en) * | 1984-07-20 | 1986-02-26 | Windmoeller & Hoelscher | Co-extruding a substrate web of synthetic thermoplastic material and an adhesive layer consisting of a non-crosslinkable elastomer |
DE3510395A1 (de) * | 1985-03-22 | 1986-09-25 | Technoform Caprano + Brunnhofer KG, 3501 Fuldabrück | Kraftstoffuehrende, mit vorgegebener laenge fest installierbare leitung fuer ein kraftfahrzeug |
US4942008A (en) * | 1985-07-10 | 1990-07-17 | Cahill John W | Process for molding a multiple layer structure |
US4643927A (en) * | 1985-07-18 | 1987-02-17 | The Dow Chemical Company | Tubular, multi-layer film and method of making |
CA1296852C (en) * | 1985-10-11 | 1992-03-10 | Henry George Schirmer | High oxygen barrier coextruded film |
JPS62227712A (ja) * | 1986-03-31 | 1987-10-06 | Toyo Seikan Kaisha Ltd | オレフィン―ビニルアルコール共重合体の射出成形体及びその製法 |
GB8630863D0 (en) * | 1986-12-24 | 1987-02-04 | Grace W R & Co | Laminated articles |
DE3700237A1 (de) * | 1987-01-07 | 1988-07-21 | Bekum Maschf Gmbh | Co-extrusionskopf |
US4822547A (en) * | 1987-04-06 | 1989-04-18 | Shell Oil Company | Process for the extrusion of compositions comprising polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol and a polypropylene-polyvinyl alcohol adhesive |
US4906421A (en) * | 1987-07-01 | 1990-03-06 | Avery International Corporation | Process for making high performance pressure sensitive adhesive tapes |
SE8704657L (sv) * | 1987-11-24 | 1989-05-25 | Plm Ab | Behaallare |
US4851168A (en) * | 1988-12-28 | 1989-07-25 | Dow Corning Corporation | Novel polyvinyl alcohol compositions and products prepared therefrom |
US5137969A (en) * | 1989-09-01 | 1992-08-11 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Melt extrudable polyvinyl alcohol pellets having reduced maximum melt temperature and reduced gel content |
US5051222A (en) * | 1989-09-01 | 1991-09-24 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Method for making extrudable polyvinyl alcohol compositions |
ATE91638T1 (de) * | 1989-09-25 | 1993-08-15 | Schneider Usa Inc | Mehrschichtextrusion als verfahren zur herstellung von ballons zur gefaessplastik. |
DE4001126C1 (en, 2012) * | 1989-11-20 | 1990-12-13 | Technoform Caprano + Brunnhofer Kg, 3501 Fuldabrueck, De | |
FR2662638B1 (fr) * | 1990-05-31 | 1997-09-05 | Nok Corp | Feuille laminee resistante au froid et formant barriere aux gaz, vessie pour accumulateur et accumulateur la comprenant. |
US5798152A (en) * | 1990-07-24 | 1998-08-25 | Novon International | Biodegradable composite polymeric articles comprising polyvinyl alcohol |
US5195969A (en) | 1991-04-26 | 1993-03-23 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Co-extruded medical balloons and catheter using such balloons |
JPH06511507A (ja) * | 1991-10-01 | 1994-12-22 | ミネソタ・マイニング・アンド・マニュファクチュアリング・カンパニー | 同時押出感圧粘着テープおよびその製造方法 |
US5589122A (en) * | 1991-10-01 | 1996-12-31 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method of making double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive tape |
US6378562B1 (en) * | 1992-04-14 | 2002-04-30 | Itt Industries, Inc. | Multi-layer tubing having electrostatic dissipation for handling hydrocarbon fluids |
US5865218A (en) | 1992-04-14 | 1999-02-02 | Itt Corporation | Multi-layer fuel and vapor tube |
US5678611A (en) * | 1992-04-14 | 1997-10-21 | Itt Corporation | Multi-layer fuel and vapor tube |
US5524673A (en) * | 1992-04-14 | 1996-06-11 | Itt Corporation | Multi-layer tubing having electrostatic dissipation for handling hydrocarbon fluids |
US5884672A (en) * | 1992-04-14 | 1999-03-23 | Itt Industries, Inc. | Multi-layer fuel and vapor tube |
US6321795B1 (en) | 1992-04-14 | 2001-11-27 | Itt Industries, Inc. | Multi-layer fuel and vapor tube |
FI944958L (fi) * | 1992-04-23 | 1994-12-12 | British Tech Group Int | Polymeerituotteet ja -materiaalit |
US6896842B1 (en) | 1993-10-01 | 2005-05-24 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Medical device balloons containing thermoplastic elastomers |
EP0738168B1 (en) * | 1993-10-01 | 2004-01-21 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Medical device balloons containing thermoplastic elastomers |
US5590691A (en) | 1994-05-02 | 1997-01-07 | Itt Corporation | Extruded multiple plastic layer coating bonded to a metal tube |
US5520223A (en) * | 1994-05-02 | 1996-05-28 | Itt Industries, Inc. | Extruded multiple plastic layer coating bonded to the outer surface of a metal tube having an optical non-reactive inner layer and process for making the same |
US5566720A (en) * | 1995-01-10 | 1996-10-22 | Itt Corporation | Elongated fuel and vapor tube having multiple layers and method of making the same |
US6130404A (en) | 1997-03-03 | 2000-10-10 | Itt Automotive, Inc. | Electro-optical removal of plastic layer bonded to a metal tube |
US6180197B1 (en) | 1998-02-13 | 2001-01-30 | Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. | Multi-layer tubing having at least one intermediate layer formed from a polyamide/polyketone alloy |
US6257281B1 (en) | 1998-02-13 | 2001-07-10 | Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. | Multi-layer tubing having at least one intermediate layer formed from a polyamide alloy |
SE511766C2 (sv) † | 1998-03-23 | 1999-11-22 | Wirsbo Bruks Ab | Flerskiktsrör av plast och dess användning |
WO1999054400A1 (en) | 1998-04-20 | 1999-10-28 | Kwang Myung Pharm. Ind. Co., Ltd. | Compositions of polyolefin and polyvinyl alcohol, and films, sheets and articles processed therefrom and multilayer products using the same |
US5960977A (en) * | 1998-05-14 | 1999-10-05 | Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. | Corrugated polymeric filler neck tubing |
US6240970B1 (en) | 1999-04-01 | 2001-06-05 | Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. | Tubing for handling hydrocarbon materials and having an outer jacket layer adhered thereto |
US6276400B1 (en) | 1999-06-08 | 2001-08-21 | Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. | Corrosion resistant powder coated metal tube and process for making the same |
US7947059B2 (en) | 2000-03-02 | 2011-05-24 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Multilayer medical device |
GB2366781A (en) * | 2000-09-19 | 2002-03-20 | Shya Hsin Plastic Works Co Ltd | Three-layer moulded container |
CN1209425C (zh) * | 2001-07-04 | 2005-07-06 | 三菱丽阳株式会社 | 塑料溶胶组合物、凝胶化膜及物品 |
US7488339B2 (en) * | 2002-10-21 | 2009-02-10 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Multilayer medical device |
US6951675B2 (en) * | 2003-01-27 | 2005-10-04 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Multilayer balloon catheter |
DE10347907A1 (de) * | 2003-10-15 | 2005-05-25 | Bernd Hansen | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung gefüllter und verschlossener Behälter |
DE102004004755A1 (de) * | 2004-01-30 | 2005-08-25 | Bernd Hansen | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen und Befüllen von Behältern |
CA2711750A1 (en) * | 2007-10-29 | 2009-05-07 | Belmay, Inc. | Bio-plastic composite material, method of making same, and method of using same |
RU2447995C2 (ru) * | 2011-03-09 | 2012-04-20 | Алексей Николаевич Докукин | Экструзионный способ получения плоской нити из синтетического сырья |
RU2448831C2 (ru) * | 2011-03-09 | 2012-04-27 | Алексей Николаевич Докукин | Экструзионная линия для получения плоской нити из синтетического сырья |
US9221204B2 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2015-12-29 | Kortec, Inc. | Techniques to mold parts with injection-formed aperture in gate area |
CN112895372B (zh) * | 2020-03-11 | 2022-12-23 | 青岛海诺瓦型材制造有限公司 | 一种塑料挤出管件的连续成型印花装置 |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1026349A (en) * | 1961-10-27 | 1966-04-20 | Kurashiki Rayon Kk | Method of manufacturing thin films of polyvinyl alcohols |
US3365413A (en) * | 1963-07-23 | 1968-01-23 | Monsanto Co | Polyvinyl alcohol films plasticized with monophenyl ether of polyoxyethylene |
US3440316A (en) * | 1963-12-05 | 1969-04-22 | Kuraray Co | Method of manufacturing improved polyvinyl alcohol films |
US3561493A (en) * | 1965-04-21 | 1971-02-09 | Paul Maillard | Composite tubes and method of manufacturing same |
US3607812A (en) * | 1968-12-17 | 1971-09-21 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Method of manufacturing polyvinyl alcohol films and product |
US3620435A (en) * | 1968-12-24 | 1971-11-16 | Kuraray Co | Food packaging container comprising molded laminated polyethylene and ethylene-vinylalcohol |
US3679437A (en) * | 1969-05-26 | 1972-07-25 | Tee Pak Inc | Preparation of fibrous reinforced sausage-type casings from melt-extruded polyvinyl alcohol resins |
JPS5141157B2 (en, 2012) * | 1972-08-08 | 1976-11-08 | ||
DE2345049A1 (de) * | 1973-09-06 | 1975-03-20 | Breyer Anton Fa | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von thermoplastischen mehrschichtwerkstoffen |
JPS5223368B2 (en, 2012) * | 1973-11-26 | 1977-06-23 |
-
1977
- 1977-02-14 DK DK062377A patent/DK154615C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-02-14 NL NLAANVRAGE7701534,A patent/NL189238C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-02-14 SE SE7701622A patent/SE428542B/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-02-15 CA CA271,812A patent/CA1090971A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-02-15 FR FR7704258A patent/FR2341433A1/fr active Granted
- 1977-02-15 GB GB6290/77A patent/GB1544780A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-02-16 IN IN228/CAL/77A patent/IN145943B/en unknown
- 1977-02-16 CH CH194177A patent/CH616365A5/it not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-02-16 CS CS771031A patent/CS210611B2/cs unknown
- 1977-02-16 AT AT0102777A patent/AT372903B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-02-17 AU AU22378/77A patent/AU511816B2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-02-17 SU SU772453393A patent/SU871735A3/ru active
- 1977-02-17 DE DE2706882A patent/DE2706882C2/de not_active Expired
- 1977-02-17 ES ES456391A patent/ES456391A1/es not_active Expired
- 1977-02-17 JP JP1665977A patent/JPS52100561A/ja active Granted
- 1977-02-17 GR GR52799A patent/GR82304B/el unknown
- 1977-02-17 YU YU00429/77A patent/YU39184B/xx unknown
- 1977-02-18 HU HU77MO974A patent/HU179544B/hu unknown
- 1977-02-18 BR BR7701061A patent/BR7701061A/pt unknown
-
1978
- 1978-06-05 US US05/912,734 patent/US4244914A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HU179544B (en) | 1982-11-29 |
NL189238B (nl) | 1992-09-16 |
NL7701534A (nl) | 1977-08-22 |
CH616365A5 (en, 2012) | 1980-03-31 |
AU2237877A (en) | 1978-08-24 |
NL189238C (nl) | 1993-02-16 |
DK62377A (da) | 1977-08-19 |
SE428542B (sv) | 1983-07-11 |
GB1544780A (en) | 1979-04-25 |
AU511816B2 (en) | 1980-09-04 |
ATA102777A (de) | 1983-04-15 |
US4244914A (en) | 1981-01-13 |
IN145943B (en, 2012) | 1979-01-20 |
AT372903B (de) | 1983-11-25 |
ES456391A1 (es) | 1978-01-16 |
DE2706882C2 (de) | 1987-05-14 |
FR2341433A1 (fr) | 1977-09-16 |
DE2706882A1 (de) | 1977-09-01 |
CS210611B2 (en) | 1982-01-29 |
SU871735A3 (ru) | 1981-10-07 |
JPS52100561A (en) | 1977-08-23 |
SE7701622L (sv) | 1977-08-19 |
DK154615B (da) | 1988-12-05 |
YU42977A (en) | 1982-05-31 |
GR82304B (en, 2012) | 1984-12-13 |
FR2341433B1 (en, 2012) | 1981-07-03 |
BR7701061A (pt) | 1977-10-18 |
JPS6140536B2 (en, 2012) | 1986-09-10 |
YU39184B (en) | 1984-08-31 |
DK154615C (da) | 1989-05-22 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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MKEX | Expiry |