CA1068687A - Process for the conversion of lactose into useful monocarbohydrates - Google Patents
Process for the conversion of lactose into useful monocarbohydratesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1068687A CA1068687A CA275,172A CA275172A CA1068687A CA 1068687 A CA1068687 A CA 1068687A CA 275172 A CA275172 A CA 275172A CA 1068687 A CA1068687 A CA 1068687A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- carried out
- galactose
- arabinose
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N alpha-D-galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229950006191 gluconic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N arabinose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-SVZMEOIVSA-N (+)-Galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-SVZMEOIVSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-GUCUJZIJSA-N galactitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-GUCUJZIJSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-QWWZWVQMSA-N D-arabinitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)C(O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-QWWZWVQMSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-OWMBCFKOSA-N L-ribopyranose Chemical compound O[C@H]1COC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-OWMBCFKOSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005895 oxidative decarboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006400 oxidative hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001256 steam distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960000443 hydrochloric acid Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- 235000011167 hydrochloric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000911 decarboxylating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 108010046377 Whey Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 102000007544 Whey Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 239000005862 Whey Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Peracetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OO KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 208000002925 dental caries Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000002064 Dental Plaque Diseases 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007868 Raney catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000564 Raney nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GOKIPOOTKLLKDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;iron Chemical compound [Fe].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O GOKIPOOTKLLKDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002402 hexoses Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002972 pentoses Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- YNJSNEKCXVFDKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(5-amino-1h-indol-3-yl)-2-azaniumylpropanoate Chemical compound C1=C(N)C=C2C(CC(N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 YNJSNEKCXVFDKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOQHWNPVNXSDDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC(C#N)=CN2C(Br)=CN=C21 UOQHWNPVNXSDDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100343612 Arabidopsis thaliana LOG8 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000675 anti-caries Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid group Chemical group C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(=O)O WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013351 cheese Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013681 dietary sucrose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003893 lactate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940099563 lactobionic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003296 saliva Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UDKYUQZDRMRDOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W] UDKYUQZDRMRDOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021119 whey protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C13—SUGAR INDUSTRY
- C13K—SACCHARIDES OBTAINED FROM NATURAL SOURCES OR BY HYDROLYSIS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING DISACCHARIDES, OLIGOSACCHARIDES OR POLYSACCHARIDES
- C13K13/00—Sugars not otherwise provided for in this class
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/672,314 US4156076A (en) | 1976-03-31 | 1976-03-31 | Process for the conversion of lactose into monosaccharides and derivatives thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1068687A true CA1068687A (en) | 1979-12-25 |
Family
ID=24698034
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA275,172A Expired CA1068687A (en) | 1976-03-31 | 1977-03-30 | Process for the conversion of lactose into useful monocarbohydrates |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4156076A (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JPS52118411A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA1068687A (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE2712873A1 (enExample) |
| DK (1) | DK143177A (enExample) |
| FI (1) | FI771010A7 (enExample) |
| FR (1) | FR2346451A1 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB1526903A (enExample) |
| NL (1) | NL7703389A (enExample) |
| SE (1) | SE7703631L (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5002612A (en) * | 1989-07-19 | 1991-03-26 | Biospherics Incorporated | Process for manufacturing tagatose |
| CA2077257C (en) * | 1989-07-19 | 2002-02-19 | James R. Beadle | Process for manufacturing tagatose |
| GB9424567D0 (en) * | 1994-12-06 | 1995-01-25 | Cerestar Holding Bv | Process for the production of xylitol |
| FR2749307B1 (fr) * | 1996-05-29 | 1998-09-04 | Roquette Freres | Procede de preparation de d-arabitol |
| FR2786772B1 (fr) * | 1998-12-04 | 2002-09-06 | Roquette Freres | Procede de preparation d'un aldose ou derive d'aldose par decarboxylation |
| DE69917598T2 (de) * | 1999-04-20 | 2005-06-23 | Cargill B.V. | D-galactosezusammensetzung und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| US20040198965A1 (en) * | 1999-04-20 | 2004-10-07 | Cargill B.V. | D-galactose isolation system |
| US20050033045A1 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2005-02-10 | Danisco Sweeteners Oy | Separation method |
| IT201900001921A1 (it) * | 2019-02-11 | 2020-08-11 | Fgl Int S P A | Nuovi prodotti per formulati per l’industria conciaria, loro processo di produzione e di applicazione |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2292293A (en) * | 1939-06-03 | 1942-08-04 | Atlas Powder Co | Accelerator for catalytic hydrogenation of sugars |
| US2518235A (en) * | 1946-01-07 | 1950-08-08 | Shell Dev | Hydrogenation of carbohydrates |
| US2938898A (en) * | 1958-03-04 | 1960-05-31 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Process of reacting mono- and di-saccharides with various reagents in the presence of gamma-butyrolactone |
| DE1618609A1 (de) * | 1966-05-28 | 1970-12-23 | Kyowa Chemicals Kabushiki Kais | Verfahren zur Auftrennung der Hydrogenolyseprodukte von Hexiten |
| US3632802A (en) * | 1968-12-06 | 1972-01-04 | Univ Southern Illinois | Oxidation of carbohydrates |
| GB1286143A (en) * | 1969-02-04 | 1972-08-23 | Roche Products Ltd | The manufacture of ketal sugars |
| JPS5112707B1 (enExample) * | 1969-07-13 | 1976-04-21 | ||
| US3755294A (en) * | 1970-10-26 | 1973-08-28 | Cpc Inc | Process for the production of d-arabinose |
| DE2229208A1 (de) * | 1972-06-15 | 1974-01-03 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Verfahren zur trennung von zuckern |
-
1976
- 1976-03-31 US US05/672,314 patent/US4156076A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1977
- 1977-03-24 DE DE19772712873 patent/DE2712873A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-03-29 SE SE7703631A patent/SE7703631L/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-03-29 NL NL7703389A patent/NL7703389A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-03-29 GB GB13060/77A patent/GB1526903A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-03-30 CA CA275,172A patent/CA1068687A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-03-31 FI FI771010A patent/FI771010A7/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-03-31 FR FR7709733A patent/FR2346451A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-03-31 JP JP3551977A patent/JPS52118411A/ja active Pending
- 1977-03-31 DK DK143177A patent/DK143177A/da not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1526903A (en) | 1978-10-04 |
| SE7703631L (sv) | 1977-10-01 |
| NL7703389A (nl) | 1977-10-04 |
| DK143177A (da) | 1977-10-01 |
| JPS52118411A (en) | 1977-10-04 |
| DE2712873A1 (de) | 1977-10-06 |
| FI771010A7 (enExample) | 1977-10-01 |
| FR2346451A1 (fr) | 1977-10-28 |
| US4156076A (en) | 1979-05-22 |
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