BR9005376A - Embolo bipartido com fechamento postico de galeria e processo para sua obtencao - Google Patents

Embolo bipartido com fechamento postico de galeria e processo para sua obtencao

Info

Publication number
BR9005376A
BR9005376A BR909005376A BR9005376A BR9005376A BR 9005376 A BR9005376 A BR 9005376A BR 909005376 A BR909005376 A BR 909005376A BR 9005376 A BR9005376 A BR 9005376A BR 9005376 A BR9005376 A BR 9005376A
Authority
BR
Brazil
Prior art keywords
embule
postic
bipartite
obtaining
gallery
Prior art date
Application number
BR909005376A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jose Manoel Martins Leites
Jose Augusto Cardoso Mendes
Robert Richard Banfield
Original Assignee
Metal Leve Sa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metal Leve Sa filed Critical Metal Leve Sa
Priority to BR909005376A priority Critical patent/BR9005376A/pt
Priority to AT0208791A priority patent/ATA208791A/de
Priority to US07/781,346 priority patent/US5144923A/en
Priority to PT99282A priority patent/PT99282A/pt
Priority to FR9112904A priority patent/FR2668090A1/fr
Priority to GB9122212A priority patent/GB2250700B/en
Priority to DE4134530A priority patent/DE4134530C2/de
Priority to SE9103045A priority patent/SE508218C2/sv
Publication of BR9005376A publication Critical patent/BR9005376A/pt

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/10—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0696—W-piston bowl, i.e. the combustion space having a central projection pointing towards the cylinder head and the surrounding wall being inclined towards the cylinder wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/0015—Multi-part pistons
    • F02F3/0069—Multi-part pistons the crown and skirt being interconnected by the gudgeon pin
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/16—Pistons  having cooling means
    • F02F3/20—Pistons  having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston
    • F02F3/22—Pistons  having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston the fluid being liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
    • F16J1/09—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers with means for guiding fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/0015—Multi-part pistons
    • F02F3/003—Multi-part pistons the parts being connected by casting, brazing, welding or clamping
    • F02F2003/0061—Multi-part pistons the parts being connected by casting, brazing, welding or clamping by welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F2200/00—Manufacturing
    • F02F2200/04—Forging of engine parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
    • F05C2201/0448—Steel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49249—Piston making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49249—Piston making
    • Y10T29/49252—Multi-element piston making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49249—Piston making
    • Y10T29/49256—Piston making with assembly or composite article making
BR909005376A 1990-10-18 1990-10-18 Embolo bipartido com fechamento postico de galeria e processo para sua obtencao BR9005376A (pt)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR909005376A BR9005376A (pt) 1990-10-18 1990-10-18 Embolo bipartido com fechamento postico de galeria e processo para sua obtencao
AT0208791A ATA208791A (de) 1990-10-18 1991-10-18 Kolbenbodenteil und verfahren zur herstellung eines kolbenbodenteils
US07/781,346 US5144923A (en) 1990-10-18 1991-10-18 Method for the manufacture of a two piece piston and piston
PT99282A PT99282A (pt) 1990-10-18 1991-10-18 Processo de fabrico de um embolo bipartido e embolo assim obtido
FR9112904A FR2668090A1 (fr) 1990-10-18 1991-10-18 Procede pour la fabrication d'un piston en deux parties et ledit piston.
GB9122212A GB2250700B (en) 1990-10-18 1991-10-18 Method of manufacturing a two piece piston and a piston thereby
DE4134530A DE4134530C2 (de) 1990-10-18 1991-10-18 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines zweiteiligen Kolbens und nach diesem Verfahren hergestellter Kolben
SE9103045A SE508218C2 (sv) 1990-10-18 1991-10-18 Framställningsmetod för en tudelad kolv och kolv

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR909005376A BR9005376A (pt) 1990-10-18 1990-10-18 Embolo bipartido com fechamento postico de galeria e processo para sua obtencao

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
BR9005376A true BR9005376A (pt) 1992-06-16

Family

ID=4050610

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
BR909005376A BR9005376A (pt) 1990-10-18 1990-10-18 Embolo bipartido com fechamento postico de galeria e processo para sua obtencao

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5144923A (pt)
AT (1) ATA208791A (pt)
BR (1) BR9005376A (pt)
DE (1) DE4134530C2 (pt)
FR (1) FR2668090A1 (pt)
GB (1) GB2250700B (pt)
PT (1) PT99282A (pt)
SE (1) SE508218C2 (pt)

Families Citing this family (72)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BR9001916A (pt) * 1990-04-20 1991-11-12 Metal Leve Sa Processo de obtencao de embolo refrigerado e embolo refrigerado
BR9004990A (pt) * 1990-09-28 1992-03-31 Metal Leve Sa Processo de fabricacao de cabeca de embolo articulado e embolo articulado
JP3224389B2 (ja) * 1990-12-13 2001-10-29 マーレ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング 内燃機関用の多部分から構成された冷却式ピストン
DE4208037C2 (de) * 1992-03-13 1998-03-26 Mahle Gmbh Mehrteiliger, gekühlter Kolben für Verbrennungsmotoren
DE4228518A1 (de) * 1992-08-27 1994-03-03 Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag Brennraumform für luftverdichtende, selbstzündende Brennkraftmaschinen
DE4228517A1 (de) * 1992-08-27 1994-03-03 Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag Dieselbrennkraftmaschine
DE4430137B4 (de) * 1994-08-25 2004-07-22 Mahle Gmbh Mehrteiliger, gekühlter Kolben für Verbrennungsmotoren
DE4446726A1 (de) * 1994-12-24 1996-06-27 Mahle Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines einteiligen Kühlkanalkolbens
DE19501416A1 (de) * 1995-01-19 1996-07-25 Kolbenschmidt Ag Geschmiedeter oder gegossener Kolbenkopf eines mehrteiligen Kolbens
US5483869A (en) * 1995-05-26 1996-01-16 Caterpillar Inc. Sealed articulated piston
JPH09329056A (ja) * 1996-06-11 1997-12-22 Toyota Motor Corp 内燃機関用ピストン
DE19720958B4 (de) * 1997-05-17 2007-07-26 Mahle Gmbh Mehrteiliger, gekühlter Kolben für Verbrennungsmotoren
DE19747944A1 (de) 1997-10-30 1999-05-06 Mahle Gmbh Kolben mit zentralem Kühlraum
US6029346A (en) * 1998-04-30 2000-02-29 Chellappa; Venkatesh Method of fabricating carbon--carbon engine component
DE19846152A1 (de) * 1998-10-07 2000-04-13 Mahle Gmbh Kolben mit Kolbengrundkörper aus geschmiedetem Stahl und einem Kühlkanal
DE19926567A1 (de) 1999-06-11 2000-12-14 Mahle Gmbh Gekühlter Kolben für Verbrennungsmotoren
DE19926568A1 (de) * 1999-06-11 2000-12-14 Mahle Gmbh Gekühlter Kolben für Verbrennungsmotoren
DE19943945A1 (de) * 1999-09-14 2001-03-22 Federal Mogul Wiesbaden Gmbh Kolbenkopf
US6401595B1 (en) 2000-10-18 2002-06-11 Caterpillar Inc. Piston for an internal combustion engine and method of assembly
DE10106435A1 (de) * 2001-02-13 2002-08-14 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Kolben, insbesondere für eine Brennkraftmaschine
US6539910B1 (en) 2001-09-19 2003-04-01 Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. Closed gallery piston having con rod lubrication
US6513477B1 (en) 2001-09-19 2003-02-04 Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. Closed gallery piston having pin bore lubrication
US6491013B1 (en) 2001-09-19 2002-12-10 Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. Closed gallery piston having reinforced oil hole
US6532913B1 (en) 2001-11-27 2003-03-18 Caterpillar Inc Piston cooling fin
DE10209168B4 (de) * 2002-03-01 2004-06-03 Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh Stahlkolben mit Kühlkanal
US8276563B2 (en) * 2002-06-28 2012-10-02 Cummins, Inc. Internal combustion engine piston
DE10301367A1 (de) * 2003-01-16 2004-07-29 Mahle Gmbh Verfahren zum Einbringen von Shakerbohrungen in den Kühlkanal eines einteiligen Kolbens
US6920860B2 (en) * 2003-10-06 2005-07-26 Mahle Gmbh Cooling channel cover for a one-piece piston of an internal combustion engine
US6938604B2 (en) 2003-10-06 2005-09-06 Mahle Gmbh Cooling channel cover for a one-piece piston of an internal combustion engine
US6820582B1 (en) 2003-10-06 2004-11-23 Mahle Gmbh Cooling channel cover for a one-piece piston of an internal combustion engine
US6892690B2 (en) 2003-10-06 2005-05-17 Mahle Gmbh Cooling channel cover for a one-piece piston of an internal combustion engine
DE10355828A1 (de) * 2003-11-28 2005-08-04 Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh Kolben mit einem Abdeckelement für einen Kühlkanal
KR100537980B1 (ko) * 2003-12-23 2005-12-21 자동차부품연구원 디젤엔진용 분절 스틸 단조 피스톤의 오메가 형상 연소실
DE102004029926B4 (de) * 2004-06-21 2007-09-20 Federal-Mogul Nürnberg GmbH Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor
US20060086325A1 (en) * 2004-10-25 2006-04-27 Ipd, Inc. Two piece cast ferrous crown piston for internal combustion engine
US20060086326A1 (en) * 2004-10-25 2006-04-27 Ipd, Inc. One piece cast ferrous crown piston for internal combustion engine
DE102005037175A1 (de) 2005-08-06 2007-02-08 Mahle International Gmbh Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor sowie Abdeckring für den Kühlkanal eines solchen Kolbens
US8011288B2 (en) 2005-09-17 2011-09-06 Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh Piston, especially cooling channel piston, comprising three friction-welded zones
US20070074695A1 (en) * 2005-10-04 2007-04-05 Mahle Technology, Inc. Piston having improved cooling characteristics
DE102006002949A1 (de) * 2006-01-21 2007-08-02 Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh Kühlkanalkolben für eine Brennkraftmaschine
JP4333693B2 (ja) * 2006-05-22 2009-09-16 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関用ピストンおよび内燃機関
DE102007013183A1 (de) 2006-07-07 2008-01-17 Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh Kühlkanalkolben für eine Brennkraftmaschine
DE102007036234A1 (de) 2007-08-02 2009-02-05 Mahle International Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Bearbeiten und Fügen eines Kolbens
DE102007036236A1 (de) * 2007-08-02 2009-02-05 Mahle International Gmbh Gebauter Kolben
US8347842B2 (en) * 2008-02-19 2013-01-08 Federal-Mogul Corporation Coolable piston for internal combustion engine
US7762227B2 (en) * 2008-02-19 2010-07-27 Federal Mogul Corporation Coolable piston for internal combustion engine
DE102008055848A1 (de) * 2008-11-04 2010-05-06 Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh Kühlkanalkolben einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Verschlusselement, das den Kühlkanal verschließt
DE102008055911A1 (de) * 2008-11-05 2010-05-06 Mahle International Gmbh Mehrteiliger Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE102008055908A1 (de) * 2008-11-05 2010-05-06 Mahle International Gmbh Mehrteiliger Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor
US8146560B2 (en) * 2008-11-05 2012-04-03 Mahle International Gmbh Multi-part piston for an internal combustion engine and method for its production
DE102008062219A1 (de) * 2008-12-13 2010-06-17 Mahle International Gmbh Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor
US20110030214A1 (en) * 2009-08-05 2011-02-10 Wolfgang Rein Piston assembly multiple step forming process
US8439001B2 (en) * 2009-11-18 2013-05-14 Svetlana Lapan Actuator powered by fluid and method of forming the same
DE102009059056A1 (de) * 2009-12-18 2011-06-22 MAHLE International GmbH, 70376 Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor
DE102010025507A1 (de) 2010-06-29 2011-12-29 Mahle International Gmbh Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor
DE102010033882A1 (de) * 2010-08-10 2012-02-16 Mahle International Gmbh Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor
US9856820B2 (en) 2010-10-05 2018-01-02 Mahle International Gmbh Piston assembly
US8813713B2 (en) 2010-12-22 2014-08-26 Caterpillar Inc. Piston with cylindrical wall
US8973484B2 (en) 2011-07-01 2015-03-10 Mahle Industries Inc. Piston with cooling gallery
DE102012014195A1 (de) 2012-07-18 2014-01-23 Mahle International Gmbh Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor
JP5844716B2 (ja) * 2012-11-07 2016-01-20 本田技研工業株式会社 内燃機関のピストン
CN103042195B (zh) * 2012-12-25 2014-10-29 北方材料科学与工程研究院有限公司 一种伪合金增强环槽活塞的挤压铸造制造方法
US9816459B2 (en) * 2015-04-17 2017-11-14 Industrial Parts Depot, Llc Piston with multi-arcuate cross-section and lubricant exhaust aperture
CN106141141A (zh) * 2015-04-21 2016-11-23 浙江亚路铸造有限公司 一种大型铝合金挤压铸造的活塞及其铸造技术
JP6311654B2 (ja) * 2015-06-11 2018-04-18 マツダ株式会社 エンジンのピストン構造
FR3040745B1 (fr) * 2015-09-04 2018-07-13 Soc De Motorisations Aeronautiques Ensemble pour moteur a combustion interne comprenant un piston et une plaque de fermeture d'une galerie de refroidissement du piston
US11162453B2 (en) 2016-05-04 2021-11-02 Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh Piston
DE102016225632A1 (de) 2016-12-20 2018-06-21 Mahle International Gmbh Kolben einer Brennkraftmaschine
DE102016225635A1 (de) * 2016-12-20 2018-06-21 Mahle International Gmbh Kolben einer Brennkraftmaschine
US10400663B2 (en) * 2017-12-18 2019-09-03 Caterpillar Inc. Piston bowl for improved combustion stability
US10591059B2 (en) * 2018-06-05 2020-03-17 Mahle International Gmbh Piston with cooling oil diverter
RU2750829C1 (ru) * 2020-12-01 2021-07-05 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный морской технический университет" (СПбГМТУ) Поршень двигателя внутреннего сгорания

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4134530C2 (de) 2002-02-07
GB2250700B (en) 1994-04-27
US5144923A (en) 1992-09-08
FR2668090B1 (pt) 1995-02-03
SE508218C2 (sv) 1998-09-14
ATA208791A (de) 1996-12-15
DE4134530A1 (de) 1992-05-07
FR2668090A1 (fr) 1992-04-24
SE9103045D0 (sv) 1991-10-18
SE9103045L (sv) 1992-04-19
GB2250700A (en) 1992-06-17
PT99282A (pt) 1993-10-29
GB9122212D0 (en) 1991-11-27

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