BG60745B1 - Метод за разделяне на органични вещества - Google Patents
Метод за разделяне на органични вещества Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- BG60745B1 BG60745B1 BG94474A BG9447491A BG60745B1 BG 60745 B1 BG60745 B1 BG 60745B1 BG 94474 A BG94474 A BG 94474A BG 9447491 A BG9447491 A BG 9447491A BG 60745 B1 BG60745 B1 BG 60745B1
- Authority
- BG
- Bulgaria
- Prior art keywords
- separation
- weak acid
- electrodialysis
- acid
- mixture
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 24
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 title description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Ge]=O YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005402 stannate group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 14
- JCQLYHFGKNRPGE-FCVZTGTOSA-N lactulose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 JCQLYHFGKNRPGE-FCVZTGTOSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229960000511 lactulose Drugs 0.000 description 12
- PFCRQPBOOFTZGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactulose keto form Natural products OCC(=O)C(O)C(C(O)CO)OC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1O PFCRQPBOOFTZGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 4
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 hydroxyl ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- SPFMQWBKVUQXJV-BTVCFUMJSA-N (2r,3s,4r,5r)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O SPFMQWBKVUQXJV-BTVCFUMJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NMELTECMHKKXLF-YNMYPSOUSA-N (3s,4r,5r)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-1-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhexan-2-one Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C(=O)CO[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O NMELTECMHKKXLF-YNMYPSOUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PJVXUVWGSCCGHT-ZPYZYFCMSA-N (2r,3s,4r,5r)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;(3s,4r,5r)-1,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexan-2-one Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C(=O)CO PJVXUVWGSCCGHT-ZPYZYFCMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000000180 1,2-diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000000185 1,3-diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BGQUJDPWPVVEGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylhexane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)C(C)(C)CO BGQUJDPWPVVEGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBGXQZRRLOGAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Maltulose Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(O)C(O)(CO)OCC1O NBGXQZRRLOGAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003957 anion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940063013 borate ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002801 charged material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013375 chromatographic separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012084 conversion product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005520 electrodynamics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019534 high fructose corn syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- JCQLYHFGKNRPGE-HFZVAGMNSA-N maltulose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 JCQLYHFGKNRPGE-HFZVAGMNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C13—SUGAR INDUSTRY
- C13B—PRODUCTION OF SUCROSE; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- C13B20/00—Purification of sugar juices
- C13B20/18—Purification of sugar juices by electrical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
- B01D61/46—Apparatus therefor
- B01D61/48—Apparatus therefor having one or more compartments filled with ion-exchange material, e.g. electrodeionisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J47/00—Ion-exchange processes in general; Apparatus therefor
- B01J47/02—Column or bed processes
- B01J47/06—Column or bed processes during which the ion-exchange material is subjected to a physical treatment, e.g. heat, electric current, irradiation or vibration
- B01J47/08—Column or bed processes during which the ion-exchange material is subjected to a physical treatment, e.g. heat, electric current, irradiation or vibration subjected to a direct electric current
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
- C01F7/46—Purification of aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide or aluminates
- C01F7/47—Purification of aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide or aluminates of aluminates, e.g. removal of compounds of Si, Fe, Ga or of organic compounds from Bayer process liquors
- C01F7/473—Removal of organic compounds, e.g. sodium oxalate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
- C07H1/06—Separation; Purification
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90201337 | 1990-05-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| BG60745B1 true BG60745B1 (bg) | 1996-02-29 |
Family
ID=8205023
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| BG94474A BG60745B1 (bg) | 1990-05-25 | 1991-05-21 | Метод за разделяне на органични вещества |
Country Status (27)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5464514A (es) |
| EP (1) | EP0458389B1 (es) |
| KR (1) | KR0179032B1 (es) |
| AT (1) | ATE143417T1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU636490B2 (es) |
| BG (1) | BG60745B1 (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2043019A1 (es) |
| CZ (1) | CZ280065B6 (es) |
| DE (1) | DE69122304T2 (es) |
| DK (1) | DK0458389T3 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2091859T3 (es) |
| FI (1) | FI912482A (es) |
| GR (1) | GR3021481T3 (es) |
| HR (1) | HRP950113B1 (es) |
| HU (1) | HU210911B (es) |
| IE (1) | IE76465B1 (es) |
| IL (1) | IL98225A (es) |
| NO (1) | NO180644C (es) |
| NZ (1) | NZ238219A (es) |
| PH (1) | PH30972A (es) |
| PL (1) | PL168312B1 (es) |
| RO (1) | RO114470B1 (es) |
| RU (1) | RU2041231C1 (es) |
| SI (1) | SI9110926B (es) |
| SK (1) | SK280217B6 (es) |
| YU (1) | YU92691A (es) |
| ZA (1) | ZA913875B (es) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5503729A (en) * | 1994-04-25 | 1996-04-02 | Ionics Incorporated | Electrodialysis including filled cell electrodialysis (electrodeionization) |
| US5746920A (en) * | 1994-06-08 | 1998-05-05 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerder Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Process for purifying dairy wastewater |
| JP3668262B2 (ja) * | 1994-06-28 | 2005-07-06 | 株式会社浅井ゲルマニウム研究所 | 有機ゲルマニウム化合物の分離回収方法 |
| EP0692542A1 (en) | 1994-07-11 | 1996-01-17 | Duphar International Research B.V | Process for the separation of lactulose |
| CA2153362A1 (en) * | 1994-07-11 | 1996-01-12 | Hendrik Pluim | Process for the separation of lactulose |
| US6017433A (en) * | 1997-11-12 | 2000-01-25 | Archer Daniels Midland Company | Desalting aqueous streams via filled cell electrodialysis |
| AT513562A1 (de) | 2012-11-14 | 2014-05-15 | Annikki Gmbh | Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Zuckerderivaten |
| EP3464606A1 (de) | 2016-05-23 | 2019-04-10 | Annikki GmbH | Verfahren zur enzymatischen umwandlung von d-glucose in d-fructose via d-sorbitol |
| EP3562846B1 (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2023-03-08 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Resin beads and use in processing of aqueous solutions |
| DE102017004742A1 (de) | 2017-05-17 | 2018-11-22 | Weylchem Wiesbaden Gmbh | Beschichtete Granulate, deren Verwendung und Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel enthaltend diese |
| DE102017218260A1 (de) | 2017-10-12 | 2019-04-18 | Hochschule Anhalt (FH); Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften | Verfahren zur spezifischen Abtrennung von D-Fructose aus Fruchtsäften oder Fruchtsaftkonzentraten |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2854393A (en) * | 1954-07-23 | 1958-09-30 | Kollsman Paul | Fractionation |
| US3383245A (en) * | 1966-11-08 | 1968-05-14 | Anheuser Busch | Process of purifying high d. e.-very sweet syrups |
| FR1547493A (fr) * | 1967-07-25 | 1968-11-29 | Perfectionnements apportés aux moyens pour enlever des ions d'une solution | |
| FR2416652A1 (fr) * | 1978-02-09 | 1979-09-07 | France Syndicat Fab Sucre | Procede d'epuration de sirop de sucre par electrodialyse |
| JPS54116390A (en) * | 1978-03-02 | 1979-09-10 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | Electrodialytic method using ion exchange membrane |
| US4299677A (en) * | 1980-11-03 | 1981-11-10 | The Hubinger Co. | Process for the preferential separation of fructose from glucose |
| US4396477A (en) * | 1981-06-29 | 1983-08-02 | Ionics, Incorporated | Separation of proteins using electrodialysis-isoelectric focusing combination |
| US4467033A (en) * | 1982-06-30 | 1984-08-21 | Nabisco Brands, Inc. | Process for oxidizing L-sorbitol to L-fructose |
| US4463093A (en) * | 1982-06-30 | 1984-07-31 | Nabisco Brands, Inc. | Process for isomerizing L-glucose to L-fructose |
| DE3238280A1 (de) * | 1982-10-15 | 1984-04-19 | Hans-Wilhelm Prof. Dr.-Ing. 1000 Berlin Lieber | Verfahren zum entsalzen von loesungen |
| US4787940A (en) * | 1986-02-20 | 1988-11-29 | Kao Corporation | Method for purifying sugar phosphates or their salts |
| US4781809A (en) * | 1986-07-21 | 1988-11-01 | Ionics, Incorporated | Recovering free organic acids from solutions in which they occur with other organic matter |
| WO1990015659A1 (en) * | 1989-06-16 | 1990-12-27 | Olin Corporation | Process for removing ionizable impurities from non-aqueous fluids |
-
1991
- 1991-05-10 DK DK91201125.1T patent/DK0458389T3/da active
- 1991-05-10 AT AT91201125T patent/ATE143417T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-05-10 ES ES91201125T patent/ES2091859T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-10 EP EP91201125A patent/EP0458389B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-10 DE DE69122304T patent/DE69122304T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-05-21 PH PH42487A patent/PH30972A/en unknown
- 1991-05-21 BG BG94474A patent/BG60745B1/bg unknown
- 1991-05-21 HU HU911701A patent/HU210911B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-05-22 PL PL91290360A patent/PL168312B1/pl unknown
- 1991-05-22 FI FI912482A patent/FI912482A/fi unknown
- 1991-05-22 KR KR1019910008206A patent/KR0179032B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-05-22 AU AU77239/91A patent/AU636490B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-05-22 IE IE174891A patent/IE76465B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-05-22 CA CA002043019A patent/CA2043019A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-05-22 NO NO911972A patent/NO180644C/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-05-22 IL IL9822591A patent/IL98225A/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-05-22 ZA ZA913875A patent/ZA913875B/xx unknown
- 1991-05-22 NZ NZ238219A patent/NZ238219A/en unknown
- 1991-05-23 YU YU92691A patent/YU92691A/sh unknown
- 1991-05-23 SI SI9110926A patent/SI9110926B/sl unknown
- 1991-05-24 RU SU914895621A patent/RU2041231C1/ru active
- 1991-05-24 SK SK1566-91A patent/SK280217B6/sk unknown
- 1991-05-24 CZ CS911566A patent/CZ280065B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-05-27 RO RO147631A patent/RO114470B1/ro unknown
-
1994
- 1994-02-02 US US08/190,563 patent/US5464514A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-03-09 HR HRP-926/91A patent/HRP950113B1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-10-25 GR GR960402840T patent/GR3021481T3/el unknown
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