BE886327A - Procede de fabrication de composes de titane - Google Patents
Procede de fabrication de composes de titane Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- BE886327A BE886327A BE0/202923A BE202923A BE886327A BE 886327 A BE886327 A BE 886327A BE 0/202923 A BE0/202923 A BE 0/202923A BE 202923 A BE202923 A BE 202923A BE 886327 A BE886327 A BE 886327A
- Authority
- BE
- Belgium
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- reaction
- titanium
- emi
- sulfuric acid
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 53
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 41
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 11
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 108
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 80
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- DCKVFVYPWDKYDN-UHFFFAOYSA-L oxygen(2-);titanium(4+);sulfate Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DCKVFVYPWDKYDN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910000348 titanium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- HDUMBHAAKGUHAR-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Ti+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O HDUMBHAAKGUHAR-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005569 Iron sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 80
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 71
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;titanium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ti].[Fe] YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000349 titanium oxysulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001447 ferric ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XBDUTCVQJHJTQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate monohydrate Chemical compound O.[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O XBDUTCVQJHJTQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOBXOQKKUVQETK-UHFFFAOYSA-H titanium(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Ti+3].[Ti+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SOBXOQKKUVQETK-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RJRPCMREZGLMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ti].O=C=O Chemical compound [Ti].O=C=O RJRPCMREZGLMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015092 herbal tea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M methyl orange Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940012189 methyl orange Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- FWFGVMYFCODZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidanium;hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound O.OS(O)(=O)=O FWFGVMYFCODZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012256 powdered iron Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKMXMQQXGXKHAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ti] AKMXMQQXGXKHAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
- C22B34/1236—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by wet processes, e.g. by leaching
- C22B34/124—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by wet processes, e.g. by leaching using acidic solutions or liquors
- C22B34/125—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by wet processes, e.g. by leaching using acidic solutions or liquors containing a sulfur ion as active agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/04—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C01G23/047—Titanium dioxide
- C01G23/053—Producing by wet processes, e.g. hydrolysing titanium salts
- C01G23/0532—Producing by wet processes, e.g. hydrolysing titanium salts by hydrolysing sulfate-containing salts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/151,999 US4288416A (en) | 1979-08-10 | 1980-05-30 | Process for manufacturing titanium compounds |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| BE886327A true BE886327A (fr) | 1981-03-16 |
Family
ID=22541158
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE0/202923A BE886327A (fr) | 1980-05-30 | 1980-11-24 | Procede de fabrication de composes de titane |
Country Status (9)
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4435365A (en) | 1982-05-12 | 1984-03-06 | Kerr-Mcgee Chemical Corporation | Process for producing titanium tetrachloride |
| US4505886A (en) * | 1983-07-01 | 1985-03-19 | Nl Industries, Inc. | Process for preparing high quality titanium dioxide |
| US4552730A (en) * | 1984-08-27 | 1985-11-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior | Recovery of titanium from perovskite using sulfuric acid leaching |
| US4562049A (en) * | 1984-09-20 | 1985-12-31 | The United States Of America As Represented By Secretary Of Interior | Recovery of titanium from perovskite by acid sulfation |
| CH672633A5 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * | 1987-11-23 | 1989-12-15 | Escher Wyss Ag | |
| US5186920A (en) * | 1989-07-27 | 1993-02-16 | Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft | Recovering TiO2 concentrates from TiO2 -containing substances |
| US6048505A (en) * | 1997-06-16 | 2000-04-11 | Kemicraft Overseas Limited | Continuous non-polluting liquid phase titanium dioxide process and apparatus |
| AU2002952155A0 (en) * | 2002-10-18 | 2002-10-31 | Bhp Billiton Innovation Pty Ltd | Production of titania |
| AU2002952157A0 (en) * | 2002-10-18 | 2002-10-31 | Bhp Billiton Innovation Pty Ltd | Production of titania |
| AU2002952158A0 (en) * | 2002-10-18 | 2002-10-31 | Bhp Billiton Innovation Pty Ltd | Production of titania |
| WO2006105612A1 (en) * | 2005-04-07 | 2006-10-12 | Bhp Billiton Innovation Pty Ltd | Operating titanium precipitation process |
| RU2007141179A (ru) * | 2005-04-07 | 2009-05-20 | БиЭйчПи БИЛЛИТОН ИННОВЕЙШН ПТИ ЛТД (AU) | Усовершенствованный способ извлечения металла |
| BRPI0608611A2 (pt) * | 2005-04-07 | 2010-01-19 | Bhp Billiton Innovation Pty | processo de sulfato para a produÇço de titÂnia a partir de um material titanÍfero |
| RU2007141163A (ru) * | 2005-04-07 | 2009-05-20 | БиЭйчПи БИЛЛИТОН ИННОВЕЙШН ПТИ ЛТД (AU) | Усовершенствованный способ осаждения титана |
| US9376735B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-06-28 | University Of Houston System | Methods and systems for recovering rare earth elements |
| CN114920287A (zh) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-08-19 | 华东理工大学 | 一种钛铁矿连续酸解制备硫酸氧钛的方法 |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1338473A (en) * | 1919-02-04 | 1920-04-27 | Peter Spence & Sons Ltd | Preparation of titanium compounds |
| US1504671A (en) * | 1923-07-17 | 1924-08-12 | Blumenfeld Joseph | Titanium compound |
| US1504669A (en) * | 1924-04-28 | 1924-08-12 | Blumenfeld Joseph | Titanium compound |
| US1504670A (en) * | 1924-04-28 | 1924-08-12 | Blumenfeld Joseph | Titanium compound |
| US2617724A (en) * | 1947-10-04 | 1952-11-11 | Nat Lead Co | Process for dissolution of titaniferous materials |
| US3071439A (en) * | 1960-01-27 | 1963-01-01 | Dow Unquinesa S A | Method for the preparation of titanium hydrate |
| DE1592406B2 (de) * | 1967-09-25 | 1978-12-14 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Titandioxydpigmenten mit hohem Weißgrad |
| BE754202A (fr) * | 1969-07-31 | 1970-12-31 | Titangesellschaft Mbg | Procede pour extraire le fer de minerais titaniferes |
| CA923711A (en) * | 1969-09-12 | 1973-04-03 | Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha | Titanium dioxide concentrate and its manufacturing process |
-
1980
- 1980-05-30 US US06/151,999 patent/US4288416A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1980-07-14 IN IN518/DEL/80A patent/IN154400B/en unknown
- 1980-07-21 IT IT2357780A patent/IT1132211B/it active
- 1980-07-22 AU AU60677/80A patent/AU533122B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1980-07-29 YU YU190980A patent/YU190980A/xx unknown
- 1980-08-06 NO NO802349A patent/NO159263C/no unknown
- 1980-08-06 NL NL8004490A patent/NL8004490A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-08-07 BR BR8004975A patent/BR8004975A/pt unknown
- 1980-11-24 BE BE0/202923A patent/BE886327A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4288416A (en) | 1981-09-08 |
| NO802349L (no) | 1981-02-11 |
| BR8004975A (pt) | 1981-02-24 |
| NO159263C (no) | 1988-12-14 |
| IT1132211B (it) | 1986-06-25 |
| AU6067780A (en) | 1981-02-12 |
| IN154400B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1984-10-27 |
| YU190980A (en) | 1983-06-30 |
| NO159263B (no) | 1988-09-05 |
| IT8023577A0 (it) | 1980-07-21 |
| NL8004490A (nl) | 1981-02-12 |
| AU533122B2 (en) | 1983-11-03 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| RE | Patent lapsed |
Owner name: NL CHEMICALS INC. Effective date: 19891130 |