AU743572B2 - Compatibilized blends of non-polar thermoplastic elastomers and polar thermoplastic polymers - Google Patents
Compatibilized blends of non-polar thermoplastic elastomers and polar thermoplastic polymers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU743572B2 AU743572B2 AU16725/99A AU1672599A AU743572B2 AU 743572 B2 AU743572 B2 AU 743572B2 AU 16725/99 A AU16725/99 A AU 16725/99A AU 1672599 A AU1672599 A AU 1672599A AU 743572 B2 AU743572 B2 AU 743572B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- blend
- copolymer
- styrene
- weight
- copolymers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 109
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 47
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 title claims description 44
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 68
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 53
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 50
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 31
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004433 Thermoplastic polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920006285 olefinic elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002397 thermoplastic olefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000147 Styrene maleic anhydride Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical class CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002285 poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- PYSRRFNXTXNWCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-phenylethenyl)furan-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C(C=CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 PYSRRFNXTXNWCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- GUOSQNAUYHMCRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-Aminoundecanoic acid Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GUOSQNAUYHMCRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SLXKOJJOQWFEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-aminohexanoic acid Chemical compound NCCCCCC(O)=O SLXKOJJOQWFEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XDOLZJYETYVRKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-Aminoheptanoic acid Chemical compound NCCCCCCC(O)=O XDOLZJYETYVRKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002684 aminocaproic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002344 aminooxy group Chemical group [H]N([H])O[*] 0.000 claims description 2
- CJYXCQLOZNIMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N azocan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCN1 CJYXCQLOZNIMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005555 halobutyl Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- -1 ethylene, propylene, 1-butene Chemical class 0.000 description 35
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl-ethylene Natural products C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 13
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 11
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 10
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 8
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920006342 thermoplastic vulcanizate Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 7
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-Methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004709 Chlorinated polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920006373 Solef Polymers 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1CCC(CO)CC1 YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KQWGXHWJMSMDJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl isocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NC1CCCCC1 KQWGXHWJMSMDJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 3
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 3
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- OJOWICOBYCXEKR-APPZFPTMSA-N (1S,4R)-5-ethylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene Chemical compound CC=C1C[C@@H]2C[C@@H]1C=C2 OJOWICOBYCXEKR-APPZFPTMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LDTAOIUHUHHCMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpent-1-ene Chemical compound CCC(C)C=C LDTAOIUHUHHCMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JIUFYGIESXPUPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methylhex-1-ene Chemical compound CC(C)CCC=C JIUFYGIESXPUPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920005965 Elastollan® C Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002121 Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000299 Nylon 12 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003006 Polybutadiene acrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006097 Ultramide® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000000071 blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cumene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZQMIGQNCOMNODD-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)=O ZQMIGQNCOMNODD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006242 ethylene acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- DGTNSSLYPYDJGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl isocyanate Chemical class O=C=NC1=CC=CC=C1 DGTNSSLYPYDJGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002742 polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene/propylene) -block-polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010057 rubber processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003031 santoprene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001935 styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDDAJHJRAKOILH-QFXXITGJSA-N (2e,5e)-octa-2,5-diene Chemical compound CC\C=C\C\C=C\C GDDAJHJRAKOILH-QFXXITGJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRBHEGAFLDMLAL-GQCTYLIASA-N (4e)-hexa-1,4-diene Chemical compound C\C=C\CC=C PRBHEGAFLDMLAL-GQCTYLIASA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJUCIROUEDJQIB-GQCTYLIASA-N (6e)-octa-1,6-diene Chemical compound C\C=C\CCCC=C RJUCIROUEDJQIB-GQCTYLIASA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N (E)-1,3-pentadiene Chemical group C\C=C\C=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXHZWRZAWJVPIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diisocyanatonaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(N=C=O)C(N=C=O)=CC=C21 ZXHZWRZAWJVPIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001989 1,3-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:1])=C([H])C([*:2])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- ALQLPWJFHRMHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatobenzene Chemical class O=C=NC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 ALQLPWJFHRMHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,9-Nonanediol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCO ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08L53/025—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes modified
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C08L2205/08—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing additives to improve the compatibility between two polymers
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C08L23/16—Ethene-propene or ethene-propene-diene copolymers
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08L27/16—Homopolymers or copolymers or vinylidene fluoride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L51/06—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
- C08L75/08—Polyurethanes from polyethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97121288A EP0921153A1 (en) | 1997-12-04 | 1997-12-04 | Compatibilized blends of non-polar thermoplastic elastomers and polar thermoplastic elastomers |
| EP97121288 | 1997-12-04 | ||
| PCT/EP1998/007818 WO1999029777A1 (en) | 1997-12-04 | 1998-12-02 | Compatibilized blends of non-polar thermoplastic elastomers and polar thermoplastic polymers |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU1672599A AU1672599A (en) | 1999-06-28 |
| AU743572B2 true AU743572B2 (en) | 2002-01-31 |
Family
ID=8227735
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU16725/99A Ceased AU743572B2 (en) | 1997-12-04 | 1998-12-02 | Compatibilized blends of non-polar thermoplastic elastomers and polar thermoplastic polymers |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6414081B1 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP0921153A1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP2001525477A (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR20010032662A (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN1168772C (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU743572B2 (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BR9815162A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2312159A1 (enExample) |
| IL (1) | IL136508A0 (enExample) |
| MY (1) | MY117152A (enExample) |
| TW (1) | TW473505B (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO1999029777A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (54)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19845235C2 (de) * | 1998-10-02 | 2002-05-16 | Ticona Gmbh | Verbundkörper aus Polyacetal und Styrol-Olefin-Elastomeren und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| US6379791B1 (en) | 2000-02-08 | 2002-04-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Compatibilized pressure-sensitive adhesives |
| US6448353B1 (en) | 2000-02-08 | 2002-09-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Continuous process for the production of controlled architecture materials |
| CA2434805A1 (en) * | 2001-01-16 | 2002-07-25 | Arnco Corporation | Flame retardant shaped articles |
| CA2449072A1 (en) * | 2001-06-07 | 2002-12-19 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Halogenated isobutylene-based copolymers having enhanced viscosity and thermoplastic compositions thereof |
| FR2829141B1 (fr) * | 2001-09-03 | 2006-12-15 | Nexans | Procede de fabrication d'un corps cylindrique et cable comportant un corps obtenu par ce procede |
| US6930150B2 (en) * | 2002-08-29 | 2005-08-16 | Taylor Made Golf Company, Inc. | Method for making polymer mixtures and compositions thereof |
| EP1426411A1 (en) | 2002-12-06 | 2004-06-09 | KRATON Polymers Research B.V. | Styrenic block copolymer compositions to be used for the manufacture of transparent, gel free films |
| WO2005007384A1 (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2005-01-27 | Ticona, Llc | Method of making coextruded polyacetal articles with a shaped profile and a melt-bonded thermoplastic elastomer layer, and such an article |
| DE10361230A1 (de) * | 2003-12-24 | 2005-07-28 | Ticona Gmbh | Verbundkörper, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und dessen Verwendung |
| US7034097B2 (en) * | 2004-01-13 | 2006-04-25 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Polyurethane elastomers with combination of curatives |
| US7347808B2 (en) * | 2004-01-13 | 2008-03-25 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Polyurethane rolls and methods of manufacturing |
| US7166358B2 (en) * | 2004-01-13 | 2007-01-23 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Polyurethane rolls with graft polyacrylate curatives |
| US7151154B2 (en) * | 2004-01-13 | 2006-12-19 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Graft polymer curatives and polyurethanes formed therefrom |
| US7094836B2 (en) * | 2004-03-04 | 2006-08-22 | Teknor Apex Company | Compatibilizers for fluoropolymers and polyolefins; blends thereof |
| DE102004047200B4 (de) * | 2004-09-29 | 2010-06-02 | Ticona Gmbh | Verbundkörper aus Polyacetal und thermoplastischem Vulkanisat-Elastomer |
| US7909194B2 (en) * | 2005-07-01 | 2011-03-22 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Thermoplastic vulcanizates and sealing devices made therewith |
| US20070048476A1 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-03-01 | Freudenberg-Nok General Partnership | Assemblies sealed with multilayer composite compression seals having a layer of dispersed fluoroelastomer in thermoplastic |
| US20070044906A1 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-03-01 | Freudenberg-Nok General Partnership | Multilayer polymeric composites having a layer of dispersed fluoroelastomer in thermoplastic |
| US20070045967A1 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-03-01 | Freudenberg-Nok General Partnership | Assemblies sealed with multilayer composite torsion seals having a layer of dispersed fluoroelastomer in thermoplastic |
| BRPI0617036A2 (pt) * | 2005-09-12 | 2010-07-06 | Dow Global Technologies Inc | composição de etileno/alfa-olefina, artigo, pelìcula, método para preparar uma pelìcula, método para preparar um artigo e componente de calçado |
| US20080081879A1 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2008-04-03 | Kim Balfour | Crosslinked block copolymer composition and method |
| US20080081874A1 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2008-04-03 | Kim Balfour | Poly(arylene ether) composition, method, and article |
| US7718721B2 (en) | 2006-11-13 | 2010-05-18 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Poly(arylene ether)/polyolefin composition, method, and article |
| US20080113138A1 (en) * | 2006-11-13 | 2008-05-15 | William Eugene Pecak | Poly(arylene ether)/polyolefin composition, method, and article |
| KR20080043424A (ko) * | 2006-11-14 | 2008-05-19 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 대전방지제 조성물 및 이를 이용한 반송용 롤러 제조방법 |
| CN103304751B (zh) | 2006-12-21 | 2016-04-06 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 官能化烯烃聚合物、由其制备的组合物和制品及它们的制备方法 |
| WO2008079784A2 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2008-07-03 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Functionalized olefin polymers, compositions and articles prepared therefrom, and methods for making the same |
| FR2918380B1 (fr) * | 2007-07-02 | 2009-09-04 | Arkema France | Melanges et compositions elastomeres thermoplastiques a proprietes ameliorees, procede de fabrication des compositions et applications |
| FR2918382B1 (fr) | 2007-07-02 | 2009-12-25 | Arkema France | Melange de copolymeres greffes a blocs polyamide et d'elastomeres formules avec un systeme de reticulation, procede de fabrication des compositions correspondantes et leurs utilisations |
| WO2009013559A1 (en) * | 2007-07-23 | 2009-01-29 | Cellectis | Meganuclease variants cleaving a dna target sequence from the human hemoglobin beta gene and uses thereof |
| US8653191B2 (en) * | 2007-07-27 | 2014-02-18 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Polyolefin compositions and articles prepared therefrom, and methods for making the same |
| CN101772549A (zh) * | 2007-08-10 | 2010-07-07 | 拜尔材料科学有限公司 | 热塑性聚氨酯共聚物模塑组合物 |
| WO2009131904A2 (en) | 2008-04-22 | 2009-10-29 | Polyone Corporation | Thermoplastic elastomers exhibiting superior barrier properties |
| CN102782037B (zh) | 2009-12-11 | 2014-03-12 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 包含在烯烃聚合物基质中的动力学交联的聚氨酯的热塑性聚合物共混物 |
| CN101983990B (zh) * | 2010-03-29 | 2012-07-18 | 金发科技股份有限公司 | 一种热塑性弹性体及其制备方法 |
| CN102464854B (zh) * | 2010-11-11 | 2014-04-02 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种低温增韧abs及其制备方法 |
| CN102181169A (zh) * | 2011-04-21 | 2011-09-14 | 深圳市塑源实业有限公司 | 一种用于pbt粘合包胶的tpe合金材料的制备方法 |
| PL2581411T3 (pl) * | 2011-10-11 | 2015-03-31 | Teknor Germany Gmbh | Kompozycja tworzyw sztucznych i sposób do jej wytwarzania |
| US8552105B2 (en) * | 2012-03-08 | 2013-10-08 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Compatibilized composition, method for the formation thereof, and article comprising same |
| CN103572604B (zh) * | 2012-07-20 | 2016-01-27 | 广东德美精细化工股份有限公司 | 一种防水防油剂及其制备方法和应用 |
| KR101897132B1 (ko) * | 2013-05-07 | 2018-09-12 | 제이더블유케미타운 주식회사 | 넌피브이시계 의료용 수액세트의 제조 방법 |
| CN103435962B (zh) * | 2013-08-07 | 2015-08-19 | 四川大学 | 一种用于聚甲醛/聚四氟乙烯体系的增容剂及其制备方法 |
| CN103509455B (zh) * | 2013-09-18 | 2016-06-01 | 江门市蓬江区盈通塑胶制品有限公司 | 一种橡胶弹性胶带用两亲性界面剂 |
| KR101890500B1 (ko) * | 2013-11-22 | 2018-08-21 | 트린세오 유럽 게엠베하 | 폴리카보네이트 함유 조성물 |
| CN103804887A (zh) * | 2014-02-27 | 2014-05-21 | 苏州市涵信塑业有限公司 | 一种改良性ppo塑料 |
| EP3056528B1 (en) | 2015-02-12 | 2017-09-27 | Dynasol Elastómeros S.A. | Segmented copolymer composition with improved properties |
| US10351749B2 (en) | 2015-06-18 | 2019-07-16 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Thermally conductive elastomeric composites |
| CN107043531A (zh) * | 2017-03-14 | 2017-08-15 | 浙江环龙新材料科技有限公司 | 一种具有良好透湿率的tpu薄膜及其制造方法和用途 |
| CN107216594A (zh) * | 2017-06-18 | 2017-09-29 | 泉州盈创新材料技术开发有限公司 | 一种耐磨导热电缆用热塑性弹性体及其制备方法 |
| CN111303617B (zh) * | 2018-12-12 | 2022-03-11 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | 用于塑胶跑道的低密度热塑性聚氨酯弹性体颗粒及其制品 |
| CN111909504B (zh) * | 2020-07-17 | 2022-04-01 | 北京浦江兄弟科技有限公司 | 一种隐形车衣用聚氨酯阻燃薄膜及其制备方法和用途 |
| CN117616079A (zh) * | 2021-06-30 | 2024-02-27 | 埃万特公司 | 包含极性弹性体和橡胶的热塑性弹性体制品 |
| CN119391143B (zh) * | 2024-11-18 | 2025-06-10 | 金发科技股份有限公司 | 一种tpee复合材料及其制备方法与应用 |
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| US3312756A (en) * | 1959-03-23 | 1967-04-04 | Monsanto Co | Blends of vinyl chloride polymer and hydrocarbon elastomer containing graft copolymer as compatibilizer |
| EP0658602A1 (en) * | 1993-12-08 | 1995-06-21 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Thermoplastic resin composition |
| JPH08209032A (ja) * | 1995-02-02 | 1996-08-13 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | 制振塗料組成物 |
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| JPH0618929B2 (ja) * | 1984-03-28 | 1994-03-16 | チッソ株式会社 | ガラス繊維強化ポリプロピレン組成物 |
| US4883837A (en) * | 1988-06-24 | 1989-11-28 | The Dow Chemical Company | Compatible blends of polyolefins with thermoplastic polyurethanes |
| EP0641828A1 (en) * | 1993-09-08 | 1995-03-08 | Bayer Corporation | A thermoplastic composition containing polyurethane and polypropylene |
| ES2107315T3 (es) * | 1994-03-29 | 1997-11-16 | Advanced Elastomer Systems | Elastomeros termoplasticos que tienen propiedades superficiales mejoradas. |
| US5623019A (en) * | 1995-07-13 | 1997-04-22 | Bayer Corporation | Compatibilized thermoplastic molding composition |
| US6300418B1 (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 2001-10-09 | Dsm N.V. | Thermoplastic elastomer composition adapted for adhesion to polar materials |
| ES2176554T3 (es) * | 1997-05-16 | 2002-12-01 | Advanced Elastomer Systems | Metodo para soldar con alta frecuencia elastomeros termoplasticos no polares. |
-
1997
- 1997-12-04 EP EP97121288A patent/EP0921153A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-10-28 TW TW087117895A patent/TW473505B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-11-30 MY MYPI98005420A patent/MY117152A/en unknown
- 1998-12-02 AU AU16725/99A patent/AU743572B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-12-02 CA CA002312159A patent/CA2312159A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-12-02 IL IL13650898A patent/IL136508A0/xx unknown
- 1998-12-02 JP JP2000524359A patent/JP2001525477A/ja active Pending
- 1998-12-02 CN CNB988117967A patent/CN1168772C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-02 US US09/555,036 patent/US6414081B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-02 WO PCT/EP1998/007818 patent/WO1999029777A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-12-02 KR KR1020007005943A patent/KR20010032662A/ko not_active Ceased
- 1998-12-02 BR BR9815162-2A patent/BR9815162A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3312756A (en) * | 1959-03-23 | 1967-04-04 | Monsanto Co | Blends of vinyl chloride polymer and hydrocarbon elastomer containing graft copolymer as compatibilizer |
| EP0658602A1 (en) * | 1993-12-08 | 1995-06-21 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Thermoplastic resin composition |
| JPH08209032A (ja) * | 1995-02-02 | 1996-08-13 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | 制振塗料組成物 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1168772C (zh) | 2004-09-29 |
| CN1280595A (zh) | 2001-01-17 |
| BR9815162A (pt) | 2000-10-03 |
| EP0921153A1 (en) | 1999-06-09 |
| WO1999029777A1 (en) | 1999-06-17 |
| AU1672599A (en) | 1999-06-28 |
| CA2312159A1 (en) | 1999-06-17 |
| KR20010032662A (ko) | 2001-04-25 |
| IL136508A0 (en) | 2001-06-14 |
| MY117152A (en) | 2004-05-31 |
| US6414081B1 (en) | 2002-07-02 |
| JP2001525477A (ja) | 2001-12-11 |
| TW473505B (en) | 2002-01-21 |
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