AU681351B2 - Energy storage device and methods of manufacture - Google Patents

Energy storage device and methods of manufacture

Info

Publication number
AU681351B2
AU681351B2 AU49277/93A AU4927793A AU681351B2 AU 681351 B2 AU681351 B2 AU 681351B2 AU 49277/93 A AU49277/93 A AU 49277/93A AU 4927793 A AU4927793 A AU 4927793A AU 681351 B2 AU681351 B2 AU 681351B2
Authority
AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
electrode
gasket
cell
thin
preunit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
AU49277/93A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
AU4927793A (en
Inventor
Ronald L Anderson
Douglas Cromack
Mark L Goodwin
Gary E Mason
Alan B Mcewen
James P. Nelson
James M Poplett
Robert R Tong
K. C Tsai
Davy Wu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ULTRACAP TECHNOLOGIES Corp
Original Assignee
Pinnacle Research Institute Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US07/947,414 external-priority patent/US5384685A/en
Priority claimed from US07/947,294 external-priority patent/US5464453A/en
Application filed by Pinnacle Research Institute Inc filed Critical Pinnacle Research Institute Inc
Publication of AU4927793A publication Critical patent/AU4927793A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of AU681351B2 publication Critical patent/AU681351B2/en
Priority to AU46759/97A priority Critical patent/AU698602B2/en
Assigned to PACIFIC SHINFU TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. reassignment PACIFIC SHINFU TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Alteration of Name(s) in Register under S187 Assignors: PINNACLE RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INC.
Assigned to ULTRACAP TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION reassignment ULTRACAP TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION Alteration of Name(s) in Register under S187 Assignors: PACIFIC SHINFU TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
    • H01G11/28—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features arranged or disposed on a current collector; Layers or phases between electrodes and current collectors, e.g. adhesives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/52—Separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0413—Large-sized flat cells or batteries for motive or stationary systems with plate-like electrodes
    • H01M10/0418—Large-sized flat cells or batteries for motive or stationary systems with plate-like electrodes with bipolar electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0409—Methods of deposition of the material by a doctor blade method, slip-casting or roller coating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0416—Methods of deposition of the material involving impregnation with a solution, dispersion, paste or dry powder
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0419—Methods of deposition of the material involving spraying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0421—Methods of deposition of the material involving vapour deposition
    • H01M4/0428—Chemical vapour deposition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0438—Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
    • H01M4/045—Electrochemical coating; Electrochemical impregnation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/184—Sealing members characterised by their shape or structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
    • H01M50/548—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on opposite sides of the cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/553—Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
    • H01M50/557—Plate-shaped terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H01M50/627—Filling ports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/42—Grouping of primary cells into batteries
    • H01M6/46—Grouping of primary cells into batteries of flat cells
    • H01M6/48—Grouping of primary cells into batteries of flat cells with bipolar electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0438—Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
AU49277/93A 1992-09-18 1993-09-17 Energy storage device and methods of manufacture Ceased AU681351B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU46759/97A AU698602B2 (en) 1992-09-18 1997-11-28 Energy storage device and methods of manufacture

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/947,414 US5384685A (en) 1992-09-18 1992-09-18 Screen printing of microprotrusions for use as a space separator in an electrical storage device
US947414 1992-09-18
US947294 1992-09-18
US07/947,294 US5464453A (en) 1992-09-18 1992-09-18 Method to fabricate a reliable electrical storage device and the device thereof
US95850692A 1992-10-07 1992-10-07
US958506 1992-10-07
PCT/US1993/008803 WO1994007272A1 (en) 1992-09-18 1993-09-17 Energy storage device and methods of manufacture

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AU46759/97A Division AU698602B2 (en) 1992-09-18 1997-11-28 Energy storage device and methods of manufacture

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
AU4927793A AU4927793A (en) 1994-04-12
AU681351B2 true AU681351B2 (en) 1997-08-28

Family

ID=27420717

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AU49277/93A Ceased AU681351B2 (en) 1992-09-18 1993-09-17 Energy storage device and methods of manufacture

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0662248A4 (de)
JP (1) JPH08501660A (de)
CN (1) CN1127771C (de)
AU (1) AU681351B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2144657A1 (de)
NO (1) NO951045L (de)
NZ (1) NZ256329A (de)
WO (1) WO1994007272A1 (de)

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AU698602B2 (en) * 1992-09-18 1998-11-05 Ultracap Technologies Corporation Energy storage device and methods of manufacture
US5711988A (en) * 1992-09-18 1998-01-27 Pinnacle Research Institute, Inc. Energy storage device and its methods of manufacture
JPH08162374A (ja) * 1994-11-30 1996-06-21 Aisin Seiki Co Ltd 電気エネルギー貯蔵体
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CN101023501A (zh) * 2004-08-13 2007-08-22 孙民兴 提高制造效率及产品可靠度的储能装置制程方法
NL1033281C2 (nl) 2006-07-21 2008-01-22 Exsilent Res Bv Hoortoestel, uitbreidingseenheid en werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een hoortoestel.
NL1032220C2 (nl) * 2006-07-21 2008-01-22 Exsilent Res Bv Hoortoestel, uitbreidingseenheid en werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een hoortoestel.
AR064292A1 (es) 2006-12-12 2009-03-25 Commw Scient Ind Res Org Dispositivo mejorado para almacenamiento de energia
AR067238A1 (es) 2007-03-20 2009-10-07 Commw Scient Ind Res Org Dispositivos optimizados para el almacenamiento de energia
CN101335130B (zh) * 2008-07-21 2011-09-28 钰邦电子（无锡）有限公司 多元芯片型积层电容器的制造方法
CN102484245B (zh) 2009-04-23 2015-11-25 古河电池株式会社 铅蓄电池用负极板的制造方法以及铅蓄电池
JP5797384B2 (ja) 2009-08-27 2015-10-21 古河電池株式会社 鉛蓄電池用複合キャパシタ負極板及び鉛蓄電池
JP5711483B2 (ja) 2009-08-27 2015-04-30 古河電池株式会社 鉛蓄電池用複合キャパシタ負極板の製造法及び鉛蓄電池
MX2012002415A (es) 2009-08-27 2012-06-25 Commw Scient Ind Res Org Dispositivo de almacenamiento electrico y electrodo del mismo.
CN101937749B (zh) * 2010-07-14 2015-12-09 陕西宏星电器有限责任公司 片式电位器细间距大连片高精度的通孔印刷方法
JP2012133959A (ja) 2010-12-21 2012-07-12 Furukawa Battery Co Ltd:The 鉛蓄電池用複合キャパシタ負極板及び鉛蓄電池
KR20140018267A (ko) * 2011-03-04 2014-02-12 디멘드 에너지 네트워크스, 인코포레이티드 전극, 배터리, 전극 제조 방법 및 배터리 제조 방법
CN104271880A (zh) 2011-05-24 2015-01-07 快帽系统公司 用于高温应用的具有可再充电能量存储器的电力系统
US10714271B2 (en) 2011-07-08 2020-07-14 Fastcap Systems Corporation High temperature energy storage device
US9558894B2 (en) 2011-07-08 2017-01-31 Fastcap Systems Corporation Advanced electrolyte systems and their use in energy storage devices
KR20130015502A (ko) * 2011-08-03 2013-02-14 솔브레인 주식회사 전기화학장치용 집전체의 제조 장치 및 이에 의해 제조된 전기화학장치용 집전체
US10446822B2 (en) 2011-10-24 2019-10-15 Advanced Battery Concepts, LLC Bipolar battery assembly
US10141598B2 (en) 2011-10-24 2018-11-27 Advanced Battery Concepts, LLC Reinforced bipolar battery assembly
US10615393B2 (en) 2011-10-24 2020-04-07 Advanced Battery Concepts, LLC Bipolar battery assembly
US9685677B2 (en) 2011-10-24 2017-06-20 Advanced Battery Concepts, LLC Bipolar battery assembly
CN104025225B (zh) * 2011-11-03 2017-06-09 英特尔公司 储能结构、制造用于储能结构的支承结构的方法及包含储能结构的微电子组件和系统
EP3783192A1 (de) 2011-11-03 2021-02-24 FastCAP SYSTEMS Corporation Produktionsmessungsinstrument
US10872737B2 (en) 2013-10-09 2020-12-22 Fastcap Systems Corporation Advanced electrolytes for high temperature energy storage device
EP3084481B8 (de) 2013-12-20 2024-01-03 Fastcap Systems Corporation Vorrichtung zur elektromagnetischen telemetrie
CN116092839A (zh) 2015-01-27 2023-05-09 快帽系统公司 宽温度范围超级电容器
CN108091918B (zh) 2016-11-21 2023-04-28 高级电池概念有限责任公司 加强的双极电池组件
JP6805844B2 (ja) * 2017-01-24 2020-12-23 株式会社豊田自動織機 蓄電モジュールの製造方法
JP6762888B2 (ja) * 2017-02-10 2020-09-30 日本軽金属株式会社 電極ホルダおよびアルミニウム電解コンデンサ用電極の製造方法
JP6874482B2 (ja) * 2017-03-31 2021-05-19 株式会社豊田自動織機 蓄電モジュールおよびその製造方法
AU2018247879B2 (en) * 2017-04-04 2021-03-25 W. L. Gore & Associates Gmbh Dielectric composite with reinforced elastomer and integrated electrode
CN111183541B (zh) 2017-06-23 2023-08-22 高级电池概念有限责任公司 加强型双极电池组件
JP6953840B2 (ja) * 2017-07-04 2021-10-27 株式会社豊田自動織機 蓄電装置およびその製造方法
CN108447685A (zh) * 2018-02-09 2018-08-24 深圳江浩电子有限公司 一种高赋能电极填充装置和填充方法
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NO951045D0 (no) 1995-03-17
WO1994007272A1 (en) 1994-03-31
EP0662248A1 (de) 1995-07-12
NO951045L (no) 1995-05-16
CN1096611A (zh) 1994-12-21
AU4927793A (en) 1994-04-12
JPH08501660A (ja) 1996-02-20
CA2144657A1 (en) 1994-03-31
EP0662248A4 (de) 2000-10-25
CN1127771C (zh) 2003-11-12
NZ256329A (en) 1997-05-26

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