AU2021106191A4

AU2021106191A4 - Substrate for cultivating pleurotus ostreatus and method for making same

Info

Publication number: AU2021106191A4
Application number: AU2021106191A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Dianming Hu; Haiyan Song
Original assignee: Jiangxi Agricultural University
Current assignee: Jiangxi Agricultural University
Priority date: 2021-08-06
Filing date: 2021-08-20
Publication date: 2021-10-28
Anticipated expiration: 2029-08-20

Abstract

A new substrate for cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus and a method for cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus using the substrate are provided. The substrate includes the following components by mass percentage: rape straw 30%-80%, rice straw 12.5%-62.5%, wheat bran 5%, urea 0.5% , sucrose 1%, gypsum 1%. The cultivation method of Pleurotus ostreatus mainly includes the following steps: substrate preparation, inoculation, mycelium culture, bud pressing, fruiting management, first crop of mushroom harvest, mycelium culture, water supplement, fruiting management, second crop of mushroom harvest and so on. The disclosure rationally utilizes waste crop by-products such as rape straw and rice straw which turns waste into treasure. The cultivation substrate has the characteristics of cheap and abundant raw materials, simple preparation, convenient storage, and high yield. The method for cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus using the substrate is simple and easy to master, does not have any requirement for equipment and site, and has low pollution rate and high yield. Soaking the rape straw in Soaking the rice straw in 3% lime water for 48 hrs a3% lime water for 48 hr .... .......................................................... W h eat b ran 5% Urea 0.5% Filtering out,rinsing, Brown sugar 1% Filteringout,rinsing, and drying Gypsum1% and drying dAdding. Add g2.5%-6L5¾ +rushing into about5-15 " ~" Mixing well to get the Crushing into about5-15 m short stalks inlength cultivation substrate mm shortistalks inlength 'I Controlling the water content 60~70% I Sterilizing Figure 1 Baggingth-cultivated 0 Inoculating Cultivating mycelium - Pressingbuds substrate and sterilizing Supplementing water Cultivating mycelium Harvestingthefirst Fruiting management crop of mushroom Fruiting management Harestmgthesecond crop of mushroom Figure 2 1/1

Description

Soaking the rape straw in Soaking the rice straw in 3% lime water for 48 hrs a3% lime water for 48 hr .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W h eat bran 5% Urea 0.5% Filtering out,rinsing, Brown sugar 1% Filteringout,rinsing, and drying Gypsum1% and drying

+rushing into about5-15 m short stalks inlength " dAdding. Add ~" g2.5%-6L5¾ Mixing well to get the cultivation substrate Crushing into about5-15 mm shortistalks inlength

'I Controlling the water content 60~70%

I

Sterilizing

Figure 1

Baggingth-cultivated 0 Inoculating Cultivating mycelium - Pressingbuds substrate and sterilizing

Supplementing water Cultivating mycelium Harvestingthefirst Fruiting management crop of mushroom

Fruiting management Harestmgthesecond crop of mushroom

Figure 2

1/1

SUBSTRATE FOR CULTIVATING PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS AND METHOD FOR MAKING SAME TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a substrate for cultivating Pleurotus

ostreatus and a method for making the same.

BACKGROUND

[0002] Pleurotus ostreatus is a traditional edible fungus that is rich in nutrients

and popular among consumers. The cultivation substrate is the foundation for the

production of Pleurotus ostreatus. Large-scale cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus

requires a large amount of cultivation substrates, and traditional Pleurotus ostreatus

cultivation substrates such as cotton seed husk and sawdust have disadvantages such

as high price, poor quality and low yield in southern China. Therefore, the research

and development of large-quantity, easy-to-obtain and low-cost alternative substrates

is the key to further promoting cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatusin southern China.

[0003] Pleurotus ostreatus is a wood-rot fungus, and the main carbon sources

used are lignin and cellulose. Rape and rice are the main cultivated crops in southern

China which have a very large cultivation area and a high production of straw. Taking

Jiangxi Province as an example, the annual output of rape straw and rice straw is

about 7.2 million tons and 120 million tons, respectively. Rape and rice straw are

usually being burned in large quantities for fertilizer fields, which is easily causing

serious air pollution and sometimes even fires. Rape and rice straw are rich in

cellulose and lignin. If they can be used for the cultivation of edible fungi, it will not

only reduces the air pollution caused by burning straw and the rural environmental

pollution caused by discarded straw, but also provides a large amount of cheap and

easy-to-obtain cultivation substrates for mushrooms cultivation, that is, to turn waste into treasure.

[0004] Rape and rice straw have not been used for large-scale cultivation of

Pleurotus ostreatus. The key problem is that there is no suitable cultivation formula

and mature and high-yield cultivation method. Some attempts to cultivate Pleurotus

ostreatus with rape or rice straw generally have some disadvantages such as low yield

or complicated cultivation methods. Problems such as low yield and high infection

rate normally increase the overall cost of edible fungus cultivation and make edible

fungus producers unprofitable which hinder the promotion of Pleurotus ostreatus

cultivation on a large scale.

SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present disclosure is to overcome the disadvantages of

high cost of cultivation, limited raw materials, complicated cultivation methods, etc.

The present disclosure provides a new cultivation substrate for cultivating Pleurotus

ostreatus by using rape straw and rice straw and a method for making the same. The

cultivation substrate has the characteristics of cheap and abundant raw materials,

simple preparation, convenient storage, and high yield. The method for cultivating

Pleurotus ostreatus using the substrate is simple and easy to master, does not have

any requirement for equipment and site, and has low pollution rate and high yield.

[0006] The technical solutions of the present disclosure to solve the

aforementioned technical problems are as follows:

[0007] A substrate for cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus, which includes the

following components by mass percentage: rape straw 30%-80%, rice straw

12.5%-62.5%, wheat bran 5%, urea 0.5%, brown sugar 1%, gypsum 1%.

[0008] A method for preparing the substrate for cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus,

including the following steps:

[0009] Step 1. soaking the rape straw and rice straw in 3% lime water for about

48 hours, then filtering out and drying:

[0010] Step 2: crushing the rape straw and rice straw into short stalks about 5-15

mm in length:

[0011] Step 3. using the short stalk-shaped straw obtained in the step 2 to mix

with the following components by mass percentage: rape straw 30%-80%, rice straw

12.5%-62.5%, and matched with wheat bran 5 %, urea 0.5%, brown sugar 1%,

gypsum 1%;

[0012] Step 4. mixing the components well to obtain the cultivation substrate and

putting them into a bag, the water content of the cultivation substrate is 60%~70 %

, and the weight of each bag of the cultivation substrate is 200~1000g;

[0013] Step 5. sterilizing with 121°C high pressure steam for 50 min;

[0014] Step 6. cooling down.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present disclosrue has the following positive effects:

[0016] (1) The substrate is derived from the by-products of rape and rice, and has

a wide range of sources. It is the recycling and reuse of waste in rape and rice

production.

[0017] (2) The investment and the cost is low, and the substrate preparation

method is simple and easy, and it can be dispersed prepared or large-scale production.

[0018] (3) The biological efficiency is high. The economic benefits are

remarkable, and the market competitive advantage is obvious.

[0019] (4) It can completely solve difficult problems such as the difficulty of

returning rape straw to the field and curbing the environmental pollution, waste of

resources, and impact on traffic caused by straw burning.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 shows the preparation flow chart of the new substrate for

Pleurotusostreatus cultivation.

[0021] Figure 2 shows the flow chart of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation with the new substrate.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present disclosure will be further described below with reference to the figures and examples, but the content of the present disclosure is not limited to the

following examples.

[0023] The present disclosure is aimed at the problems of difficulty in rape straw recycling, long-term waste and pollution, and the problem that the traditional

Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation substrate with cotton seed husk as main material in

southern China cannot be obtained locally and the cost is relatively high. The use of

rape straw as the main material for Pleurotusostreatus cultivation substrate solves the

problems of high-efficiency recovery and utilization of rape straw and the high cost

of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation in the southern region, and also opens up a new

way of recycling farmland waste. Repeated experiments have proved that rape straw

can be used as the main material for cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus. The cultivation

effect of Pleurotus ostreatus with different mass ratios of rape straw and rice straw is

shown in Table 1.

[0024] Table 1. effect of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation with different mass ratios of rape straw and rice straw Rape Rice straw Wheat Urea Brown sugar Gypsum Biological straw bran efficiency % 62.5% 5% 0.5% 1% 1% 63% % 52.5% 5% 0.5% 1% 1% 65% % 42.5% 5% 0.5% 1% 1% 78% % 32.5% 5% 0.5% 1% 1% 88% % 22.5% 5% 0.5% 1% 1% 84% % 12.5% 5% 0.5% 1% 1% 75%

[0025] Example 1

[0026] A new method for cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus with rape straw and

rice straw as the main materials, including the following steps:

[0027] Step 1. soaking rape straw and rice straw in 3% lime water for about 48

hours, then filtering out and drying;

[0028] Step 2: crushing the rape straw and the rice straw into short stalks about

~15 mm in length;

[0029] Step 3. using the short stalk-shaped straw obtained in the step 2 to mix

with the following components by mass percentage: rape straw 30%, rice straw 62.5%,

and matched with wheat bran 5 %, urea 0.5%, brown sugar 1%, gypsum 1%;

[0030] Step 4. mixing the components well to obtain the cultivation substrate and

, and the weight of each bag of the cultivation substrate is 200g;

[0031] Step 5. sterilizing with 121°C high pressure steam for 50 min;;

[0032] Step 6. cooling down and inoculating: cooling the fungus bag to 25°C and

inoculating, the inoculation amount is 5%~8%;

[0033] Step 7. cultivating mycelium: cultivating the mycelium for 20~30 days

under the condition of temperature 25°C~32°C and air humidity 30%~50%;

[0034] Step 8. pressing bud and opening the bag, cultivating for 4~7 days under

the condition of temperature 15°C~25°C and air humidity 50%~ 6 0 % ;

[0035] Step 9. fruiting management, cultivating for 6~8 days under the condition

of temperature 15°C~25°C and air humidity 60%~80%;

[0036] Step 10. harvesting the first crop of mushroom;

[0037] Step 11. cultivating the mycelium for 3~4 days under the condition of

temperature 25°C-32°C and air humidity 30%~50%;

[0038] Step 12. supplementing water, cultivating for 10~16 days under the

condition of temperature 15°C~25°C and air humidity 50%~60%;

[0039] Step 13. fruiting management, cultivating for 6~8 days under the condition of temperature 15°C~25°C and air humidity 60%~80%;

[0040] Step 14. harvesting the second crop of mushroom.

[0041] Table 2. effect of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation with 30% rape straw and

62.5% rice straw as main materials Index Average Mushro wet weight wet wet weight Conver daily om of the first weight of of the two sion growth of growing crop of the second crops of rates

% myceliu cycle(d) mushroom crop of mushroom m (cm) (g) mushroom (g) processing (g) 1 0.60 64 75 51 126 63% 2 0.53 64 100 10 110 55%

3 0.68 64 120 22 142 71% 4 0.68 64 92 43 135 68% 5 0.65 64 73 55 120 60%

[0042] Example 2

[0043] A new method for cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus with rape straw and

rice straw as the main materials, including the following steps:

[0044] Step 1. soaking rape straw and rice straw in 3% lime water for about 48

hours, then filtering out and drying;

[0045] Step 2: crushing the rape straw and the rice straw into short stalks about

~15 mm in length;

[0046] Step 3. using the short stalk-shaped straw obtained in the step 2 to mix

with the following components by mass percentage: rape straw 60%, rice straw 32.5%,

and matched with wheat bran 5 %, urea 0.5%, brown sugar 1%, gypsum 1%;

[0047] Step 4. mixing the components well to obtain the cultivation substrate and

putting them into a bag, the water content of the cultivation substrate is 60%~70%,

and the weight of each bag of the cultivation substrate is 200 g;

[0048] Step 5. sterilizing with 121C high pressure steam for 50 min;;

[0049] Step 6. cooling down and inoculating: cooling the fungus bag to 25°C and inoculating, the inoculation amount is 5%~8%;

[0050] Step 7. cultivating mycelium: cultivating the mycelium for 20~30 days

under the condition of temperature 25°C~32°C and air humidity 30%~50%;

[0051] Step 8. pressing bud and opening the bag, cultivating for 4~7 days under

the condition of temperature 15°C~25°C and air humidity 50%~60%;

[0052] Step 9. fruiting management, cultivating for 6~8 days under the condition

of temperature 15°C~25°C and air humidity 60%~80%;

[0053] Step 10. harvesting the first crop of mushroom;

[0054] Step 11. cultivating the mycelium for 3~4 days under the condition of

temperature 25°C-32°C and air humidity 30%~50%;

[0055] Step 12. supplementing water, cultivating for 10~16 days under the

condition of temperature 15°C~25°C and air humidity 50%~60%;

[0056] Step 13. fruiting management, cultivating for 6~8 days under the condition

of temperature 15°C~25°C and air humidity 60%~80%;

[0057] Step 14. harvesting the second crop of mushroom.

[0058] Table 3. effect of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation with 60% rape straw and

32.5% rice straw as main materials Index Average Mushro wet weight wet wet weight Conver daily om of first crop weight of of the two sion growth growing of second crops of rates %

of cycle(d) mushroom crop of mushroom myceliu (g) mushroom (g) processing m (cm) (g) 1 0.83 83 120 42 162 81% 2 0.85 66 110 53 163 82%

3 0.83 72 176 55 231 116% 4 0.83 64 118 49 167 83% 5 0.83 78 132 45 177 89%

[0059] Example 3

[0060] A new method for cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus with rape straw and

rice straw as the main materials, including the following steps:

[0061] Step 1. soaking rape straw and rice straw in 3% lime water for about 48

hours, then filtering out and drying;

[0062] Step 2: crushing the rape straw and the rice straw into short stalks about

~15 mm in length;

[0063] Step 3. using the short stalk-shaped straw obtained in the step 2 to mix

with the following components by mass percentage: rape straw 80%, rice straw 12.5%,

and matched with wheat bran 5 %, urea 0.5%, brown sugar 1%, gypsum 1%;

[0064] Step 4. mixing the components well to obtain the cultivation substrate and

, and the weight of each bag of the cultivation substrate is 200 g;

[0065] Step 5. sterilizing with 121°C high pressure steam for 50 min;

[0066] Step 6. cooling down and inoculating: cooling the fungus bag to 25°C and

inoculating, the inoculation amount is 5%~8%;

[0067] Step 7. cultivating mycelium: cultivating the mycelium for 20~30 days

under the condition of temperature 25°C~32°C and air humidity 30%~50%;

[0068] Step 8. pressing bud and opening the bag, cultivating for 4~7 days under

the condition of temperature 15°C~25°C and air humidity 50%~60%;

[0069] Step 9. fruiting management, cultivating for 6~8 days under the condition

of temperature 15°C~25°C and air humidity 60%~80%;

[0070] Step 10. harvesting the first crop of mushroom;

[0071] Step 11. cultivating the mycelium for 3~4 days under the condition of

temperature 25°C-32°C and air humidity 30%~50%;

[0072] Step 12. supplementing water, cultivating for 10~16 days under the

condition of temperature 15°C~25°C and air humidity 50%~60%;

[0073] Step 13. fruiting management, cultivating for 6~8 days under the condition

of temperature 15°C~25°C and air humidity 60%~80%;

[0074] Step 14. harvesting the second crop of mushroom.

[0075] Table 4. effect of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation with 80% rape straw and

12.5% rice straw as main materials Index Average Mushro wet weight wet wet weight Conver daily om of first crop weight of of the two sion growth of growing of second crops of rates% myceliu cycle mushroom crop of mushroom m (cm) (d) (g) mushroom (g) Processing (g) 1 0.83 73 112 56 168 84% 2 0.78 84 97 45 142 71%

3 0.80 78 92 55 147 74% 4 0.80 81 107 40 147 74% 5 0.83 84 96 50 146 73%

Claims

Claims 1. A substrate for cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus comprising the following

components by mass percentage: rapestraw 30%~80%, rice straw 12.5%~62.5%,

wheat bran 5%, urea 0.5%, brown sugar 1%, gypsum 1%.

2. A method for preparing a substrate for cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus comprising

steps of:

Step 1. soaking rape straw and rice straw in 3% lime water for about 48 hours, then

filtering out and drying:

Step 2: crushing the rape straw and rice straw into short stalks about 5~15 mm in

length:

Step 3. using the short stalk-shaped straw obtained in the step 2 to mix with the

following materials by mass percentage: rape straw 30%~80 % , rice straw

12.5%~62.5%, and matched with wheat bran 5 %, urea 0. 5 %, brown sugar 1%,

gypsum 1%;

Step 4. mixing the components well to obtain the cultivation substrate and putting

them into a bag, the water content of the cultivation substrate is 60%~70%, and the

weight of each bag of the cultivation substrate is 200~1000g;

Step 5. sterilizing with 121C high pressure steam for 50 min;

Step 6. cooling down.