ATE302060T1 - Katalysator und verfahren zur herstellung von 1,3-propandiol - Google Patents
Katalysator und verfahren zur herstellung von 1,3-propandiolInfo
- Publication number
- ATE302060T1 ATE302060T1 AT99971350T AT99971350T ATE302060T1 AT E302060 T1 ATE302060 T1 AT E302060T1 AT 99971350 T AT99971350 T AT 99971350T AT 99971350 T AT99971350 T AT 99971350T AT E302060 T1 ATE302060 T1 AT E302060T1
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- catalyst composition
- producing
- propane diol
- component
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title abstract 5
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 title abstract 2
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Substances OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 2
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 title abstract 2
- 229940035437 1,3-propanediol Drugs 0.000 title 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- AKXKFZDCRYJKTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Hydroxypropionaldehyde Chemical compound OCCC=O AKXKFZDCRYJKTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/88—Molybdenum
- B01J23/883—Molybdenum and nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
- C07C29/14—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group
- C07C29/141—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C31/00—Saturated compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C31/18—Polyhydroxylic acyclic alcohols
- C07C31/20—Dihydroxylic alcohols
- C07C31/205—1,3-Propanediol; 1,2-Propanediol
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/182,380 US5945570A (en) | 1998-10-29 | 1998-10-29 | Catalyst and process for preparing 1,3-propanediol |
| PCT/EP1999/008163 WO2000025914A1 (en) | 1998-10-29 | 1999-10-26 | Catalyst and process for preparing 1,3-propanediol |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ATE302060T1 true ATE302060T1 (de) | 2005-09-15 |
Family
ID=22668216
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT99971350T ATE302060T1 (de) | 1998-10-29 | 1999-10-26 | Katalysator und verfahren zur herstellung von 1,3-propandiol |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5945570A (https=) |
| EP (1) | EP1131155B1 (https=) |
| JP (1) | JP2002528261A (https=) |
| KR (1) | KR100615774B1 (https=) |
| CN (1) | CN1145528C (https=) |
| AT (1) | ATE302060T1 (https=) |
| AU (1) | AU1377300A (https=) |
| BR (1) | BR9914879A (https=) |
| CA (1) | CA2348006C (https=) |
| DE (1) | DE69926781T2 (https=) |
| ID (1) | ID28540A (https=) |
| MY (1) | MY123258A (https=) |
| NO (1) | NO20012088L (https=) |
| PL (1) | PL347502A1 (https=) |
| RU (1) | RU2232048C2 (https=) |
| TR (1) | TR200101152T2 (https=) |
| WO (1) | WO2000025914A1 (https=) |
Families Citing this family (76)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5977010A (en) * | 1995-06-15 | 1999-11-02 | Engelhard Corporation | Shaped hydrogenation catalyst and processes for their preparation and use |
| DE19860489B4 (de) * | 1998-12-28 | 2008-05-08 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Hydrierung von Aldehyden und Verwendung eines Katalysators zur Reduktion eines Aldehyds zu einem Alkohol |
| CN1252012C (zh) | 2000-03-22 | 2006-04-19 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 制备1,3－二醇的方法 |
| AU2003229622A1 (en) * | 2002-04-22 | 2003-11-03 | Symrise Gmbh And Co. Kg | Method for the production of phenyl propyl alcohols |
| US7323539B2 (en) * | 2003-05-06 | 2008-01-29 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polytrimethylene ether glycol and polytrimethylene ether ester with excellent quality |
| US7056439B2 (en) * | 2003-05-06 | 2006-06-06 | Tate & Lyle Ingredidents Americas, Inc. | Process for producing 1, 3-propanediol |
| US7342142B2 (en) | 2003-05-06 | 2008-03-11 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Hydrogenation of polytrimethylene ether glycol |
| US7084311B2 (en) * | 2003-05-06 | 2006-08-01 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Hydrogenation of chemically derived 1,3-propanediol |
| MXPA06003819A (es) * | 2003-10-07 | 2006-08-11 | Shell Int Research | Proceso para la produccion de 1,3-propanodiol por hidrogenacion catalitica de 3-hidroxipropanal en la presencia de un co-catalizador de hidratacion. |
| US6969780B1 (en) | 2004-12-20 | 2005-11-29 | Lyondell Chemical Technology, L.P. | Production of butanediol |
| RU2007143051A (ru) * | 2005-04-21 | 2009-05-27 | Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. (NL) | Катализатор гидрирования и способ гидрирования |
| CN100344370C (zh) * | 2006-02-28 | 2007-10-24 | 上海华谊丙烯酸有限公司 | 一种3－羟基丙醛加氢制备1,3－丙二醇的催化剂 |
| EP2004325A2 (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2008-12-24 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Process for hydrogenating an aldehyde |
| JP5261801B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-20 | 2013-08-14 | 中国石油化工股▲分▼有限公司 | 選択的水素化のためのニッケル触媒 |
| DE102006050751A1 (de) * | 2006-10-27 | 2008-05-08 | Clariant International Limited | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 1,2-Propandiol durch Hydrogenolyse von Glycerin |
| DE102007003188B3 (de) * | 2007-01-22 | 2008-06-05 | Clariant International Ltd. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 1,2-Propandiol durch Hydrogenolyse von Glycerin |
| US8212062B2 (en) | 2007-04-02 | 2012-07-03 | Inventure Chemical, Inc. | Production of biodiesel, cellulosic sugars, and peptides from the simultaneous esterification and alcoholysis/hydrolysis of oil-containing materials with cellulosic and peptidic content |
| US7943792B2 (en) * | 2007-04-02 | 2011-05-17 | Inventure Chemical Inc. | Production of biodiesel, cellulosic sugars, and peptides from the simultaneous esterification and alcoholysis/hydrolysis of materials with oil-containing substituents including phospholipids and peptidic content |
| CN101423775B (zh) * | 2007-11-01 | 2010-05-12 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种选择性镍系加氢催化剂及其制备方法 |
| US8241697B2 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2012-08-14 | Abbott Point Of Care Inc. | Formation of immobilized biological layers for sensing |
| US8268604B2 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2012-09-18 | Abbott Point Of Care Inc. | Compositions for forming immobilized biological layers for sensing |
| US7863489B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2011-01-04 | Celanese International Corporation | Direct and selective production of ethanol from acetic acid utilizing a platinum/tin catalyst |
| US8309773B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2012-11-13 | Calanese International Corporation | Process for recovering ethanol |
| US8309772B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2012-11-13 | Celanese International Corporation | Tunable catalyst gas phase hydrogenation of carboxylic acids |
| US8680317B2 (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2014-03-25 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for making ethyl acetate from acetic acid |
| US7816565B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2010-10-19 | Celanese International Corporation | Direct and selective production of acetaldehyde from acetic acid utilizing a supported metal catalyst |
| US20100197486A1 (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2010-08-05 | Celanese International Corporation | Catalysts for making ethyl acetate from acetic acid |
| US8501652B2 (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2013-08-06 | Celanese International Corporation | Catalysts for making ethanol from acetic acid |
| US8637714B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2014-01-28 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for producing ethanol over catalysts containing platinum and palladium |
| US7608744B1 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2009-10-27 | Celanese International Corporation | Ethanol production from acetic acid utilizing a cobalt catalyst |
| US8546622B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2013-10-01 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for making ethanol from acetic acid using acidic catalysts |
| US8338650B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2012-12-25 | Celanese International Corporation | Palladium catalysts for making ethanol from acetic acid |
| US8471075B2 (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2013-06-25 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for making ethanol from acetic acid |
| US7777085B2 (en) * | 2008-10-01 | 2010-08-17 | Inventure Chemical, Inc. | Method for conversion of oil-containing algae to 1,3-propanediol |
| US8178715B2 (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2012-05-15 | Celanese International Corporation | Integrated process for the production of vinyl acetate from acetic acid via acetaldehyde |
| CN101816941B (zh) * | 2009-02-27 | 2011-11-30 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 异丙胺催化剂及其应用 |
| US8450535B2 (en) | 2009-07-20 | 2013-05-28 | Celanese International Corporation | Ethanol production from acetic acid utilizing a cobalt catalyst |
| US8710277B2 (en) * | 2009-10-26 | 2014-04-29 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for making diethyl ether from acetic acid |
| EP2493606A2 (en) * | 2009-10-26 | 2012-09-05 | Celanese International Corporation | Catalysts for making ethanol from acetic acid |
| US8680321B2 (en) * | 2009-10-26 | 2014-03-25 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for making ethanol from acetic acid using bimetallic catalysts |
| US8211821B2 (en) * | 2010-02-01 | 2012-07-03 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for making tin-containing catalysts |
| US8747492B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2014-06-10 | Celanese International Corporation | Ethanol/fuel blends for use as motor fuels |
| US8728179B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2014-05-20 | Celanese International Corporation | Ethanol compositions |
| EP2531291A1 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2012-12-12 | Celanese International Corporation | Preparation and use of a catalyst for producing ethanol comprising a crystalline support modifier |
| US8460405B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2013-06-11 | Celanese International Corporation | Ethanol compositions |
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| US8932372B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2015-01-13 | Celanese International Corporation | Integrated process for producing alcohols from a mixed acid feed |
| US8541633B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2013-09-24 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for producing anhydrous ethanol compositions |
| US8858659B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2014-10-14 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for producing denatured ethanol |
| US8314272B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2012-11-20 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for recovering ethanol with vapor separation |
| US8222466B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2012-07-17 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for producing a water stream from ethanol production |
| US20110207972A1 (en) * | 2010-02-23 | 2011-08-25 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Catalysts and processes for the hydrogenolysis of glycerol and other organic compounds for producing polyols and propylene glycol |
| US8846988B2 (en) | 2010-07-09 | 2014-09-30 | Celanese International Corporation | Liquid esterification for the production of alcohols |
| US8350098B2 (en) | 2011-04-04 | 2013-01-08 | Celanese International Corporation | Ethanol production from acetic acid utilizing a molybdenum carbide catalyst |
| US9000233B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2015-04-07 | Celanese International Corporation | Process to recover alcohol with secondary reactors for hydrolysis of acetal |
| US8907141B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2014-12-09 | Celanese International Corporation | Process to recover alcohol with secondary reactors for esterification of acid |
| US8536382B2 (en) | 2011-10-06 | 2013-09-17 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for hydrogenating alkanoic acids using catalyst comprising tungsten |
| US8658843B2 (en) | 2011-10-06 | 2014-02-25 | Celanese International Corporation | Hydrogenation catalysts prepared from polyoxometalate precursors and process for using same to produce ethanol while minimizing diethyl ether formation |
| US8703868B2 (en) | 2011-11-28 | 2014-04-22 | Celanese International Corporation | Integrated process for producing polyvinyl alcohol or a copolymer thereof and ethanol |
| US8575406B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2013-11-05 | Celanese International Corporation | Catalysts having promoter metals and process for producing ethanol |
| US9000234B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2015-04-07 | Celanese International Corporation | Calcination of modified support to prepare hydrogenation catalysts |
| US9233899B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2016-01-12 | Celanese International Corporation | Hydrogenation catalysts having an amorphous support |
| US9333496B2 (en) | 2012-02-29 | 2016-05-10 | Celanese International Corporation | Cobalt/tin catalyst for producing ethanol |
| US9079172B2 (en) | 2012-03-13 | 2015-07-14 | Celanese International Corporation | Promoters for cobalt-tin catalysts for reducing alkanoic acids |
| US8455702B1 (en) | 2011-12-29 | 2013-06-04 | Celanese International Corporation | Cobalt and tin catalysts for producing ethanol |
| US9024086B2 (en) | 2012-01-06 | 2015-05-05 | Celanese International Corporation | Hydrogenation catalysts with acidic sites |
| US8975200B2 (en) | 2012-01-06 | 2015-03-10 | Celanese International Corporation | Hydrogenation catalysts with cobalt-modified supports |
| US8981164B2 (en) | 2012-01-06 | 2015-03-17 | Celanese International Corporation | Cobalt and tin hydrogenation catalysts |
| US8802588B2 (en) | 2012-01-23 | 2014-08-12 | Celanese International Corporation | Bismuth catalyst composition and process for manufacturing ethanol mixture |
| US9050585B2 (en) | 2012-02-10 | 2015-06-09 | Celanese International Corporation | Chemisorption of ethyl acetate during hydrogenation of acetic acid to ethanol |
| US9126194B2 (en) | 2012-02-29 | 2015-09-08 | Celanese International Corporation | Catalyst having support containing tin and process for manufacturing ethanol |
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| US9073042B2 (en) | 2012-03-14 | 2015-07-07 | Celanese International Corporation | Acetic acid hydrogenation over a group VIII metal calcined catalyst having a secondary promoter |
| US8536383B1 (en) | 2012-03-14 | 2013-09-17 | Celanese International Corporation | Rhodium/tin catalysts and processes for producing ethanol |
| US8772553B2 (en) | 2012-10-26 | 2014-07-08 | Celanese International Corporation | Hydrogenation reaction conditions for producing ethanol |
| US9527953B2 (en) | 2012-11-19 | 2016-12-27 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Continuous preparation for polyester |
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| DE1203235B (de) | 1964-01-02 | 1965-10-21 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines nickel- und molybdaenhaltigen Katalysators fuer die Hydrierung eines bei der Oxosynthese anfallenden Reaktionsgemisches |
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-
1998
- 1998-10-29 US US09/182,380 patent/US5945570A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-06-14 US US09/332,460 patent/US6342464B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-10-26 AU AU13773/00A patent/AU1377300A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-10-26 TR TR2001/01152T patent/TR200101152T2/xx unknown
- 1999-10-26 JP JP2000579345A patent/JP2002528261A/ja active Pending
- 1999-10-26 CN CNB998138525A patent/CN1145528C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-10-26 RU RU2001114511/04A patent/RU2232048C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-10-26 AT AT99971350T patent/ATE302060T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-10-26 WO PCT/EP1999/008163 patent/WO2000025914A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-10-26 KR KR1020017005336A patent/KR100615774B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-10-26 PL PL99347502A patent/PL347502A1/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-10-26 BR BR9914879-0A patent/BR9914879A/pt active Search and Examination
- 1999-10-26 DE DE69926781T patent/DE69926781T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-10-26 EP EP99971350A patent/EP1131155B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-26 ID IDW00200100932A patent/ID28540A/id unknown
- 1999-10-26 CA CA002348006A patent/CA2348006C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-10-27 MY MYPI99004637A patent/MY123258A/en unknown
-
2001
- 2001-04-27 NO NO20012088A patent/NO20012088L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MY123258A (en) | 2006-05-31 |
| TR200101152T2 (tr) | 2001-09-21 |
| RU2232048C2 (ru) | 2004-07-10 |
| DE69926781T2 (de) | 2006-05-18 |
| BR9914879A (pt) | 2002-02-19 |
| WO2000025914A1 (en) | 2000-05-11 |
| CA2348006A1 (en) | 2000-05-11 |
| PL347502A1 (en) | 2002-04-08 |
| US5945570A (en) | 1999-08-31 |
| DE69926781D1 (de) | 2005-09-22 |
| CN1145528C (zh) | 2004-04-14 |
| CN1328487A (zh) | 2001-12-26 |
| CA2348006C (en) | 2008-11-25 |
| AU1377300A (en) | 2000-05-22 |
| ID28540A (id) | 2001-05-31 |
| NO20012088D0 (no) | 2001-04-27 |
| JP2002528261A (ja) | 2002-09-03 |
| US6342464B1 (en) | 2002-01-29 |
| NO20012088L (no) | 2001-06-26 |
| KR20010082268A (ko) | 2001-08-29 |
| KR100615774B1 (ko) | 2006-08-25 |
| EP1131155B1 (en) | 2005-08-17 |
| EP1131155A1 (en) | 2001-09-12 |
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