AT511169A1 - MODULAR BUILDING - Google Patents

Abstract

A modular building comprises two or more building modules (1), each having a supporting skeleton (6), which arranged on the vertical edges of a cuboid vertical supports (7) and arranged on the horizontal edges of the cuboid floor and ceiling beams (8, 9 ), wherein the Tragskelette (6) of adjacent the building modules (1) are connected to each other in node areas and the connections of Tragskelette (6) of the adjacent building modules (1) via node pieces (19, 19 ') take place. The Tragskelette (6) of the adjacent building modules (1) are connected by screwing together. The supporting skeletons (6) of the adjacent building modules (1) are spaced from each other by the node pieces (19, 19 '), wherein at least one connecting web (20) of one of the node piece (19, 19') between the Tragskelette (6) of two adjacent the building modules (1) protrudes and the connecting web (20) for elastic decoupling of the supporting skeleton (6) in each case at least one layer (22) made of an elastically deformable plastic

Description

patent attorneys

HefelSHofmann A ISsj / M 23797/33 / ss 110222 * * ** * * · · * »· · · · · ·

Dr. Ralf Hofmann Thomas Fechner 6806 Feldkirch, Austria Egelseestr 65a, PO Box 61 · r «* * ϊ.'ίί pykfi'Ts J3,» F +43 (0) 5522 73 359 M office@upat.ai i www vpat at 1

The invention relates to a modular building comprising two or more building modules, each having a supporting skeleton, which comprises arranged on the vertical edges of a cuboid vertical supports and arranged on the horizontal edges of the cuboid floor and ceiling beams, the Tragskelette of adjacent the Building modules are connected together in nodal areas and the connections of the supporting skeleton of the adjacent building modules done via node pieces.

A modular construction of buildings is characterized by the possibility of extensive prefabrication of the individual building modules in a workshop. The prefabricated building modules are then transported to the construction site and assembled according to the modular principle. Advantages are a relatively short construction time and cost savings through factory prefabrication. Furthermore, there is a weather independence during the prefabrication phase. A serial prefabrication of the building modules also allows high precision.

Such a modular design is known for example from the system or space cell design.

In built in space cell construction container buildings in which individual containers can be strung together, restrictions are given in various ways. For such buildings can be easily moved to another location.

Also known are modular buildings whose building modules have a supporting skeleton, which arranged on the vertical sides of a cuboid vertical 2

Columns and arranged on the horizontal sides of the cuboid floor and ceiling beams comprises. The floor, the ceiling and the walls are connected to this supporting skeleton. The building modules are welded together on the construction site. In order to reduce the impact sound transmission, the building modules are provided with a screed applied to floor slabs. The weight of the building modules is very high, making their transport difficult. By welding the steel skeletons of the individual building modules later disassembly of the building, for example, to put this, only possible with a very high effort. 10

A modular building of the type mentioned at the beginning is disclosed in EP 1 683 923 A2. The Tragskelette of adjacent building modules are connected here by means of knots, via which the power transmission takes place between superimposed Tragskeletten. The vertical supports of supporting skeletons 15 arranged one above the other are held in vertical superimposed alignment by these knot pieces. The node pieces are made of bent steel sheets, wherein engagement elements for positive engagement with the profiles of the vertical supports are present. The node pieces can be bolted to horizontal ceiling beams of the adjacent building modules of the lower floor-20 plant, resulting in a horizontal connection of the building modules of the lower floor. A disadvantage of the device known from EP 1 683 923 A2 is inter alia the strong transmission of structure-borne sound between the individual building modules. The rigidity of the connection between the individual building modules is relatively low. 25

The object of the invention is to provide a modular building of the type mentioned, in which an advantageous connection of the individual building modules together a low structure-borne noise transmission is achieved within the building. According to the invention, this is achieved by a modular building having the features of claim 1. 3 3

»9 * • * ·

A modular building according to the invention comprises two or more adjacent building modules, whose supporting skeletons are connected to each other by screwing, wherein advantageously each building module of the building is connected to all adjacent building modules by screwing. Neighboring 5 building modules may be adjacent horizontally or vertically. The Tragskelette the adjacent, interconnected via screw building modules are hereby spaced from each other by the node pieces, said connecting webs of the node pieces project between the Tragskelette of horizontally or vertically adjacent building modules. The connecting webs have for elas-10 tisch decoupling of the supporting skeleton, between which they lie, each at least one layer of an elastically deformable plastic, in particular an elastomer. This at least one layer of the elastically deformable plastic is conveniently a foamed elastomer. An advantageous embodiment provides for a foamed polyurethane. 15

The invention achieves a statically stable connection between the building modules, whereby welds can be omitted. It can be achieved by a simple disassembly of the connection between the building modules. The building modules are elastically decoupled, whereby the structure-borne sound transmission 20, in particular impact sound transmission, is counteracted. The building modules can be designed comparatively easily, whereby the transport to the site is much easier.

For screwing the Tragskelette of two horizontally adjacent 25 or two vertically stacked building modules connecting screws are conveniently provided that enforce the Tragskelette both building modules through openings in the Tragskeletten. Advantageously, in this case between the head of the connecting screw and the supporting skeleton, on which the power is transmitted from the head, and / or between a nut screwed onto the connecting screw 30 and the supporting skeleton, on which the power is transmitted from the nut, one of the connecting screw interspersed damping disk made of an elastically deformable material, in particular a 4 *. *. * # * * I t I * * * * * I * * * * * * * * * *

Elastomer used. Preferably, the elastomer is a foamed elastomer, with a foamed polyurethane being particularly preferred. In this way, an elastic decoupling of the building modules can also be achieved with respect to the screw connections, wherein a structure-borne sound transmission is counteracted via the screwed connections.

Preferably, the connecting screws of the screwed connections between the supporting skeletons respectively pass through the connecting web of the relevant nodal piece arranged between the two supporting skeletons connected by the screw connection through an opening in the connecting web.

The connecting webs advantageously each have a base layer made of metal, for example steel, on which the at least one layer of elastically deformable plastic is applied, wherein the position of the elastically deformable plastic rests against an outer surface of one of the two supporting skeletons, between which the connecting web is arranged is. Preferably, a position of the elastically deformable plastic is applied to the base layer on both sides, wherein the two layers abut against each other facing surfaces of the Tragskelette, between which lies the connecting web.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the node pieces each comprise a metal profile, preferably steel profile, which has at least one web projecting between adjacent supporting skeleton, on which a layer of the elastically deformable plastic is applied at least on one side, preferably on both sides.

To connect two vertically stacked building modules in a node area, which is located in the region of an edge between two mutually perpendicular vertical side walls of the building, may conveniently be provided a node piece, which includes a contact web, which is T-shaped to the connecting web and the directed towards the building outside sides of the supporting skeleton of the superimposed building modules. 5

To connect two horizontally adjacent building modules in a node area, which is located in the region of an edge between a vertical building wall and the horizontal building floor, a node piece may conveniently be provided, which has a T-shaped standing to the connecting web investment web, which at the bottom of two adjacent Tragskelette rests. About this contact web, the connection can be made with a foundation, for example via a connector which is bolted to the foundation and with which the Tragskelette are bolted with the interposition of the system web. Preferably, in this case, the contact web on at least one layer of an elastically deformable plastic, in particular elastomer, which is preferably a foamed elastomer, more preferably a foamed polyurethane. It can thereby be formed an elastically decoupled connection to the foundation. At the same time a thermal separation can be achieved.

To connect two horizontally adjacent building modules in a node area, which is located in the region of an edge between a vertical building wall and the building ceiling, a node piece may conveniently be provided, which has a T-shaped standing to the connecting web plant web, which on the upper sides of the horizontal adjacent Tragskelette rests. About this connecting web, the connection can be made with a roof construction, in particular a roof module, which has the roof skin.

For connecting four building modules, which are vertically stacked in pairs and horizontally next to each other {ie in two rows and two columns), in a node area located in an end area of the adjacent edges of this building demodule (ie in a corner area of a respective building module) these corner regions are adjacent to each other) may conveniently be provided a node piece, which comprises four connecting webs, which are crosswise to each other. Each of these connecting bridges projects between two of these building modules. 6 ··· t · 4 ι i τ «·« * * * * · · »I t H ···« · · ^ · 4 · «ft ** ··« »ft * et

In addition, preferably connecting pieces are present. These serve to connect a building module to the foundation or to a roof module in a corner area of the building module, in which no other building module adjoins this building module, i. This corner of the building module at a corner of the building. Such a connecting piece conveniently comprises a connection web which lies between the supporting skeleton of the module and the foundation or a connecting piece attached thereto or between the supporting skeleton and the roof structure, in particular a roof module, wherein the connecting web at least one layer of an elastically deformable plastic, in particular elastomer , having. The elastically deformable plastic is preferably formed from a foamed elastomer, particularly preferably a foamed polyurethane. The connection to the foundation or the connecting piece or the roof construction takes place in the respective corner area advantageously via a screw connection, wherein preferably a connecting screw passes through an opening of the connecting web. A respective connecting piece may further comprise a L-shaped or T-shaped contact web standing to the connecting web.

In a possible embodiment of the invention, all node pieces that protrude in node areas between adjacent building modules, T-shaped or cross-shaped. Furthermore, connecting pieces are preferably present, which are used in the area of the building corners for the connection between one of the building modules and a foundation or a connecting piece connected thereto or in the area of the building corners for the connection between one of the building modules and a roof module or another roof part, and the L or T-shaped.

The connecting webs extend between the adjacent supporting skeletons respectively over portions of the longitudinal extensions of the longer of the horizontal edges of the supporting skeleton, these sections joining one end of the longer horizontal edge of the respective supporting skeleton. The connecting webs extend from the respective horizontal edges in the space between the two Tragskelette.

Further advantages and details of the invention are explained below with reference to the attached drawing, in which:

Fig. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional representation of an embodiment of a modular building according to the invention;

FIG. 2 shows a three-dimensional illustration of an embodiment of a supporting skeleton of a building module; FIG.

Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of only the supporting skeleton of the building of Fig. 1 and its connections;

Fig. 4a is an enlarged detail A of Figure 3 for a possible embodiment of the supporting skeleton.

FIG. 4b shows the detail of FIG. 4a in plan view; FIG.

Fig. 5a is an enlarged detail B of Fig. 3 for a possible embodiment of the supporting skeleton;

FIG. 5b shows the detail of FIG. 5a in plan view; FIG.

Fig. 6a is an enlarged detail C of Figure 3 for a possible embodiment of the supporting skeleton.

Fig. 6b shows the detail of Fig. 6a in plan view;

Fig. 7a is an enlarged detail D of Figure 3 for a possible embodiment form of the supporting skeleton.

FIG. 7b shows the detail of FIG. 7a in plan view; FIG.

8a shows an enlarged detail E of FIG. 3 for a possible embodiment of the supporting skeleton;

FIG. 8b shows the detail of FIG. 8a in plan view; FIG.

Fig. 9a is an enlarged detail F of Fig. 3 for a possible embodiment of the supporting skeleton;

FIG. 9b the detail of FIG. 9a in plan view; FIG.

10 shows a horizontal section through parts of two adjacent building modules, corresponding to the section line GG in FIG. 7a, with an applied full thermal protection facade;

11 shows a Vertikaischnitt through parts of two superimposed Ge bäudemodulen, corresponding to the section line HH in Figure 7b, with an applied full thermal insulation facade.

Fig. 12 is a vertical section through parts of four building modules, which are in pairs next to each other and one above the other, corresponding to the section line II in Fig. 7b;

Figures 13a and b are views corresponding to Figures 7a and 7b but with a wall of each module being formed by a solid glazing;

FIGS. 14 and 15 are sections corresponding to FIGS. 10 and 11, but for walls of the modules formed by full glazings;

Fig. 16a and b representations corresponding to Figures 13a and b for a further variant of a full glazing.

Fig. 17 is a horizontal section similar to Fig. 14 {wherein the section line here through the node piece 19 '" runs) for this further variant of the full glazing.

Fig. 1 shows an example and simplified training a building of four building modules 1. The building modules 1 of the ground floor are connected to a foundation, which is designed here as a strip foundation. The walls of the building modules can be designed differently, for example in the form of solid walls, in which windows 3 and / or doors 4 are arranged as required. Walls of the building modules 1 can also be formed by full glazing 5. In the case of solid walls, the walls facing the outside of the building are provided with an additional external facade (= an additional wall structure), which forms the outer skin of the building, for example a plastered thermal insulation system. This outer facade is omitted on the visible in Fig. 1 wide sides of the building modules 1 in Fig. 1 for clarity, so that the module structure remains visible. 9

A modular building according to the invention may comprise different numbers of building modules, which may be arranged in different numbers of floors.

In the case of the modular building according to the invention, the base areas and the heights of all building modules 1 are advantageously the same. Adjacent building modules 1, which adjoin one another on adjacent side walls, lie horizontally next to one another. Adjacent building modules 1, in which the ceiling of the lower building module 1 and the floor of the upper building module 1 are adjacent and which adjoin one another via the ceiling of the lower module and the floor of the upper module, lie vertically one above the other. The building modules 1 are thus arranged in horizontal rows and vertical columns. A row arranged above an underlying row can in this case have a smaller number of building modules 1 than the row underneath.

Although not shown in FIG. 1, it is also possible to provide balconies, pergolas and the like.

Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of a supporting skeleton 6 of a building module 1. The supporting skeleton 6 has the basic shape of a cuboid. At the vertical edges of the cuboid vertical supports (posts) 7 and at the horizontal edges of the cuboid horizontal bottom support (lower latch) 8 and horizontal ceiling beams (upper latch) 9 are arranged. The supports 7, bottom support 8 and ceiling support 9 are rigidly connected together at the corners of the cuboid.

The supports 7, bottom support 8 and ceiling support 9 are conveniently made of metal, preferably steel. It is preferred that the connections of the supports 7, bottom support 8 and ceiling support 9 at the corners of the cuboid welds or be formed by welding.

Depending on the wall structure, there are further skeg elements between the supports 7 arranged at the edges of the cuboid, which extend between the relevant floor support 8 and the relevant ceiling support 9. In the illustrated embodiment, additional vertical profiles 10 are provided, which are ausgebiidet example, in the form of box sections. Furthermore, wind stiffeners in the form of obliquely extending metal strips 11 and sheets 12 are present, which are each arranged between two vertical profiles 10 and between a support 7 and the adjacent vertical profile 10. To accommodate a door 10, a lintel 13 is set between two vertical profiles. For receiving a window, a camber profile 14 and a parapet profile 15 are defined between two vertical profiles 10.

Preferably, these other skeleton elements are also made of steel. The connections may conveniently be formed by welding.

Between the floor beams 8, which are arranged at the edges of the cuboid with the greater length, run hollow sections 16 which form further skeleton elements. Their inner cavity is accessible through a respective opening 17 in the respective bottom support 8. Through the openings 17, the fork of a forklift can retract to transport the supporting skeleton.

Preferably, the whole supporting skeleton 6 is made of steel, so that it can be formed in steel construction.

The basic structure of the Tragskelette 6 of the different building modules 1 is the same. Depending on the wall structure, floor structure and ceiling structure, the supports 7 and / or the bottom support and / or the ceiling support 9 may have modified configurations and / or different more skeletal elements may be present. Further details of various modifications of support skeletons 6 will be discussed below.

FIG. 3 schematically shows the basic structure of the modular building of FIG. 1. Here, the supporting skeletons 6 of the building modules 1 and their connections to one another and to the foundation 2 and to the roof modules 18 likewise shown schematically are indicated by cuboids.

The Tragskelette of adjacent building modules 1, the horizontally nebeneinan-5 lie or lie vertically above each other, are connected in node areas in each case by screwing. The node areas are located in the adjacent corner regions of the adjacent building modules 1. In the respective node area, a node piece is provided which spaces all building modules adjacent to the node area and elastically decouples from each other, as will be explained in more detail below.

The sections B, C, D and F of Fig. 3 relate to various types of such node areas. Section B represents a nodal area for connecting two horizontally adjacent building modules in the area of adjacent lower edges of these building modules (the nodal area lies in the region of an edge between one of the building walls and the building floor). The detail F represents a nodal area for connecting two horizontally adjacent building modules of the uppermost row of the building modules in the area of the adjacent upper edges of these building modules (the knotting area lies in the region of an edge between one of the building walls and the building ceiling). The detail C represents a nodal area for connecting two vertically superimposed building modules in the region of the adjacent building exterior edges of these building modules (the node area is located in the region of an edge of the building between two right-angled side walls of the building). The detail D represents a node area for connecting four pairwise vertically stacked and horizontally adjacent building modules, which lies in the area of the adjacent corners of these building modules. The detail A represents a connection region between a building module 1 and the foundation 2, which lies in the area of a lower building corner of the building. The section E represents a connecting area between a building 12

demoduf 1 and a roof module 18, which is located in the area of an upper building corner of the building.

In horizontally adjacent building modules are the bottom support 5 8 of the supporting skeleton in a common horizontal plane and the ceiling beams 9 of the supporting skeleton in a common horizontal plane. The lying at the same ends of the building modules supports 7 of the supporting skeleton lie in a common vertical plane. In vertically superimposed building modules lying on the same side floor and ceiling beams 8, 9 of 10 Tragskelette are each vertically above the other and the lying at the same ends of the building blocks-structural supports 7 of the supporting skeleton in each case in a common vertical plane.

The aforementioned node areas and connecting areas are explained in more detail in the following with reference to FIGS. 4a, b to 9a, b. These figures show sections of the vertical support 7 and the respective horizontal floor or ceiling beams 8, 9 of the supporting skeleton 6 in this corner region and the connecting elements and, in the sections A, B, E and F, sections of the foundation 2 of the respective building modules or the respective roof module 18. For the vertical supports 7 20 here is an embodiment variant shown, which serves to form solid side walls of the respective building module 1, as will be explained in more detail below.

In the node region shown in FIGS. 6 a and 6 b for connecting two building modules 1 located one above the other in corner areas of these building modules 1, which lie in the region of a vertical edge of the building, there is a node piece 19 which has a connecting web 20 which is between the Tragskelette 6 of the adjacent building modules protrudes. The connecting web 20 comprises a base layer 21 made of metal, preferably steel, on both sides of a La-ge ge 22 of elastically deformable plastic, preferably foamed polyurethane, is applied, for example, is angekiebt. At one end of the connecting web 20, a contact web 23 is defined, which projects beyond the connecting web 20 on both sides and is perpendicular to the connecting web 20. The connecting web 20 and the contact web 23 are thus T-shaped to each other. The contact web 23 has a base layer 24 made of metal, preferably steel, on which on the Tragskeletten 6 side facing a layer 25 of an elastically deformable plastic, preferably foamed polyurethane, is applied, for example, is glued. The Aniagesteg 23 is located with this layer 25 to the outside of the building directed sides of the Tragskelette 6 of superimposed modules.

An additional contact web, which is perpendicular to the connecting web 20 and the contact web 23 and rests against the other side facing the building exterior of the supporting skeleton 6, could be provided, this additional contact web but the mounting holes 26 in the supports 7 of the supporting skeleton 6 uncovered Sassen would have.

The adjacent Tragskelette 6 are connected to each other in the node areas by screwing. For this purpose, a connecting screw 27 is provided which passes through openings in the supporting skeletons 6. Furthermore, the connecting screw 27 passes through an opening in the connecting web 20. The Tragskelette 6 are braced by a screwed onto the connecting screw 27 nut 28 with each other. Between the nut 28 and arranged under the nut 28 washers 29 and the supporting skeleton 6, to which the clamping force of the nut 28 is transmitted, a damping plate 30 made of an elastically deformable material, preferably foamed polyurethane, used by the connecting screw 27th is enforced. Instead or in addition, such a damping disk 30 could also be arranged between the head of the connecting bolt 27, which is not visible in FIGS. 6 a and b, and the supporting skeleton 6, on which the clamping force of the head of the connecting bolt 27 acts.

The contact web 23 is preferably also screwed to the upper and lower supporting skeleton 6. To do this, connecting screws 31 (only the upper one of the connecting screws can be seen in FIGS. 6a and 6b) pass through the respective carrier cone bed 6 and the plant web 23 through openings. Between the head of the connecting screw 31 and / or between the nut 32 of the connecting screw and the respective part to which the power is transmitted, in turn, a damping plate 33 made of an elastically deformable plastic, preferably polyurethane, is used.

The bottom support 8 and ceiling support 9 are formed in the illustrated embodiment of L-profiles. The supports 7 also include an L-profile, are fixed to the connection profiles 34, 35. These serve to connect parts of the wall structure of the respective side wall of the building module 1 on the supporting skeleton 6. In the embodiment of the supporting skeleton shown, these connection profiles 34, 35 are box-shaped. Depending on the desired wall structure trained in other form connection profiles can be used. Examples of possible wall construction will be explained in more detail below.

In order to form horizontal webs of the supporting skeletons 6 in the corner region, through which the connecting screw 27 extends through openings, the supporting skeletons 6 have welded-on platelets 36 in the corner regions. In the lower corner area here is a small plate 36 inserted between the ends of the horizontal webs of the bottom support 8 and welded to these and with the supports 7. In the upper corner of a small plate 36 is welded to the upper end of the respective support 7 thereto.

Through the mounting holes 26, the building modules 1 are screwed together on the site. The building modules 1 are already at least largely completed, as will be explained in more detail below.

FIGS. 5a and 5b show a node region for connecting two building modules 1 in adjacent lower corner regions of these building modules 1. This node area lies in the area of a lower edge of the building between a side wall of the building and the floor of the building. The connection takes place via a knot 19 ', which is the same as that previously described with reference to FIGS. 1 * t * May be formed ". *** ft * * ft" * + * 4i, 15 6a and 6b. When illustrated node piece 19 'but on the base layer 24 of the contact web 23 on both sides of layers 22 of elastically deformable material, preferably foamed polyurethane applied. The connecting web 20 protrudes between the supporting skeletons 6 of the adjacent building modules 1. The adjacent supporting skeletons 6 are connected in an analogous manner, as has been explained above with reference to Figures 6a and 6b, by a screw connection, which comprises a supporting skeleton 6 and the connecting web 20 having through connecting screw 27, to which a nut 28 is screwed. For elastic decoupling is used as described above shim 29. The connecting screw 27 but in contrast to Fig. 6a and 6b, in which it was aligned vertically, now aligned horizontally.

The contact web 23 of the knot 19 'now lies against the undersides of the adjacent Tragskelette 6. He is in this case arranged between the Tragskeletten 6 and a connector 37, which is fixed to the foundation 2. The Tragskelette 6 are thus on this contact web 23 (the contact web 23 could also be referred to as a support web). When connecting piece 37 is a profile made of metal, preferably steel, which is screwed to the foundation 2. In addition to the respective supporting skeleton 6 and to the contact web 23, the connecting screws 31 also pass through a horizontal web of the connecting piece 37 in this nodal region. For the purpose of elastic decoupling, damping discs 33 are used, which are formed as described above. By the biased by nuts 32 connecting bolts 31 and the connection of the building with the foundation. The connecting screws 31 are here now in contrast to Fig. 6a and b, in which they were aligned horizontally, now aligned vertically. The screw connections are again made by mounting holes 26 in the supporting skeletons 6 on the construction site, the building modules 1 are already at least largely completed, so also in Figs. 5a and 5b for clarity, not shown parts include. 16

In FIGS. 9a and 9b the connection of the supporting skeleton 6 of horizontally adjacent building modules 1 in adjacent upper corner areas of the supporting skeleton 6 is shown, which is the uppermost floor of the building. The node area thus lies in the region of an edge of the building, which lies between a side wall and the roof of the building. In principle, in such a node region in turn identically formed node pieces 19 and 19 'could be used as described above. In the embodiment, however, a modified node 19 " used. In this case, the formation of the connecting web 20 and the contact web 23 is substantially the same as in the case of the connecting piece 19 'described with reference to FIGS. 5a and b. From the contact web 23 but here is a further connecting web 20 'from which is perpendicular to the contact web 23 and in the same plane as the connecting web 20 is located. For example, a base layer 21 of the connecting web 20 'is welded to the base layer 24 of the contact web 23 (for which purpose the layer 22 of the elastic material lying on this side has an interruption). On the base layer 21 of the connecting web 20 'are applied on both sides of layers of an elastically deformable material, preferably foamed polyurethane.

The connecting web 20 protrudes between the Tragskelette 6 of horizontally adjacent building modules 1. The Tragskelette 6 are in this case in the same manner as described with reference to FIGS. 5a and 5b bolted together (the connecting screws 27 are not visible in Figs. 9a and 9b) , wherein the screw is performed by mounting holes 26. The contact web 23, which is perpendicular to the projecting between the supporting skeletons 6 connecting web 20, abuts the tops of the Tragskelette 6. On the contact web 23 are the roof modules 18 (the contact web 23 could also be referred to here as a support web). Connecting screws 31 pass through openings in the respective supporting skeleton 6, and in the abutting on the upper abutment web 23 and in a respective carrier 38 of a roof module 18. The roof modules 18 are thus clamped in this node area with the Tragskeletten 6 of the underlying building modules 1. For elastic decoupling in turn damping plates 33 are provided, which are formed as described above. 17

The additional connecting web 20 ', which is arranged in the same plane as the lying between the support skeletons 6 connecting web 20 is located between adjacent supports 38' of the adjacent roof modules 18. The adjacent roof modules 18 are in this case screwed together, with a connecting screw 39 through openings extends in the carriers 38 'and through an opening in the connecting web 20 and is clamped by a nut 40. The screwing is done by mounting holes 57. For elastic decoupling a damping plate 41 is inserted (between the nut 40 and the carrier 38 and / or between the head of the connecting screw 39 and the carrier 38), which may be the same as the damping plate 30 is formed.

A respective roof module 18 comprises a frame comprising the supports 38, 38 'which is reinforced by further longitudinal, transverse or oblique profiles, not shown in the figures, and a roof skin 42, preferably formed by a steel sheet. The roof sheet forming steel sheet is continuously welded to the carriers 38, 38 '.

The connecting web 20 'of the node piece 19 " could also be omitted, so that the knot piece 19 " the same as the knot piece 19 or 19 'described with reference to FIGS. 6a and 6b or 5a and 5b. The roof modules 18 could in this case be screwed together adjacent to each other or a separate plate-shaped intermediate piece could be used. Direct mutual screwing the roof modules 18 could also be omitted.

FIGS. 7 a and b show a node region in which the supporting skeletons 6 of four building modules 1 are connected to one another in adjacent corner regions of the supporting skeleton 6. The building modules 1 are here in pairs vertically above each other and horizontally next to each other, so are arranged in two rows and two columns. To connect the supporting skeleton is a knot 19 " present, which comprises four connecting webs 20, whereby two in each case in circumference · * · · · ** · * · · · · «··· * ·

Each of the connecting webs 20 faces each other, so that the connecting webs 20 together have a cross-shaped configuration a base layer 21 of metal, preferably steel, and on both sides of this attached layers 22 of elastically deformable plastic, preferably foamed polyurethane, on. For example, the base layers 21 of two connecting webs 20, which lie in a common plane, are formed by a continuous flat steel, to which the base layers 21 of the other two connecting webs 20 are welded. The formation of the knot 19 '" may be the same as that of the node 19 " previously described with reference to Figs. be.

Each of the cross-shaped interconnected connecting webs 20 projects between two vertically superimposed or horizontally juxtaposed Tragskelette 6. The screw the vertical superimposed Tragskelette 6 15 can the same as those described with reference to FIGS, 6a and 6b by means of vertical connecting screws 27, nuts 28 and Damping discs 30 may be formed for elastic decoupling. The screw joints between horizontally adjacent supporting skeletons 6 can be the same as the screw connections described with reference to FIGS. 5 a and 5 b by means of horizontal connecting screws 20, nuts 28 and damping discs 30 for elastic decoupling. The screwing of the supporting skeleton takes place through the mounting openings 26.

Preferably, only two or more building modules 1 adjoin one another in the direction of the shorter horizontal edges of the Qua-25 of the building modules 1. The longer horizontal edges of the building modules extend at least substantially over the entire extent of the building in this direction (if necessary, an additional external facade may be present). The node areas for connecting building modules 1 lie in the end areas of these longer horizontal edges of the building modules 1. The various node areas on the one end of the longer horizontal edges have been previously described.

At the other end of these horizontal edges, the training is completely analog. 19

All the supporting skeletons 6 and thus all the building modules 1 are connected to one another in the horizontal direction and in the vertical direction via the nodal areas where the supporting skeletons of the two horizontally adjacent and / or supporting skeletons of the two vertically stacked building modules are bolted together , wherein the individual building modules 1, by the lying between the Tragskeletten connecting webs, each having the at least one elastic layer, in this case are elastically decoupled from each other. By way of the node regions corresponding to the cutout B (FIGS. 5a and 5b), as described above, an elastically decoupled connection to the foundation 2, which may preferably form a thermal separation at the same time, preferably also takes place at the same time. In addition, there is a connection to the foundation 2 in the areas of the lower building corners. Such a connection region is shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b. For connection to the foundation 2 a Anbtn-training piece 43 is provided. This has a web 44, which has a base layer 45 made of metal, preferably steel, and at least one layer 46 of an elastically deformable plastic, preferably foamed polyurethane. In the exemplary embodiment, the base layer 45 is provided on both sides with such a layer 46, preferably glued.

The web 44 is arranged between the supporting skeleton 6 and the foundation 2, preferably by screwing, fixed connection piece 37. The supporting skeleton 6 is connected to the connecting piece 37 via a screw connection. A connecting bolt 47, which is braced with a nut 48, passes through an opening in the supporting skeleton 6 and in a web of the connecting piece 37. Between the nut 48 and / or the head of the connecting screw 47 and the respective part to which the power transmission from the mother 48 and the head of the connecting screw 47, a damping plate 49 made of an elastically deformable plastic, preferably foamed polyurethane, is arranged. 20

Rectangular to the web 44 is another web 50 which comprises a base layer 51 made of metal, preferably steel, and a layer 52 of an elastically deformable plastic, preferably foamed polyurethane, wherein the web 50 with this layer 52 on the building exterior facing surface of the supporting skeleton 6 is applied. A connecting screw 53, which is braced by a nut 54, passes through the supporting skeleton 6 and the web 50. For elastic decoupling again a damping plate 55 between the nut 54 and / or the head of the connecting screw 53 and the part is provided, against which the nut 54 and the head of the connecting screw 53 is braced. The screwing takes place through a mounting opening 26.

In this way, there is an elastically decoupled connection to the foundation in the areas of the lower building corners, wherein this elastically decoupled connection can preferably form a thermal separation at the same time. The building modules can thus be elastically decoupled from all joints with the foundation opposite the foundation and thermally separated. Via the node areas corresponding to the cutouts F (FIGS. 9a and b), a connection to the roof modules 18 is preferably also carried out as described. A further connection to the roof modules 18 takes place in the upper corner areas of the building, as shown in FIGS. 8a and b is shown. For connection connecting pieces 43 'are provided. These comprise a web 44 which is arranged between the supporting skeleton 6 and the roof module 18 and which is formed the same as the web 44 of the connecting piece 43 described above, and a web 50 'standing at right angles thereto, which is designed like the above-described web 50 of the connecting piece 43 but projecting over the bridge 44 on both sides. The webs 44 and 50 'are thus T-shaped to each other. The screw connection between the supporting skeleton 6 and the roof module 18 is the same as the previously described screw connection between the supporting skeleton 6 and the connecting piece 37, wherein the connecting screw 47 openings in the supporting skeleton 6, in Dachmodu! 18 and penetrated in the web 44 and is braced with a nut 48, wherein a damping plate 49 is provided for the elastic decoupling. The • • • • • • • • • • • •

Web 50 'is screwed with its on one side over the web 44 cantilevered portion with the supporting skeleton 6 and with its on the other side over the web 44 projecting portion with the roof module 18, wherein in each case a connecting screw 53, with a nut 54th is clamped, the web 50 'and the 5 supporting skeleton 6 or the carrier 38 of the roof module penetrated and for elastic decoupling a damping disk 55 is provided.

The roof modules 18 may preferably support photovoltaic modules. 10 The roof structure could also be designed in other ways than shown. Although roof modules 18, the base area of which corresponds to the base area of a respective building module 1, are preferred, for example, a roof construction extending continuously over all the upper building modules 1 would be conceivable and possible. 15

FIGS. 4a, 4b to 9a, 9b show examples of the construction of supporting skeletons 6, as they can be used for a solid wall construction of a building modus 1 (in contrast to a full glazing 5). In this massive wall structure recesses for windows 3 and / or doors 4 may be provided. 20 sections corresponding to the lines GG, II and HH in FIGS. 7a and 7b, wherein the wall, floor and ceiling structure omitted in FIGS. 7a and 7b are shown according to a possible embodiment, are shown in FIGS. 10, 11 and 12. FIGS. 10, 11 further illustrate a possible construction of an external facade, which is placed on the construction site after installation of the building modules 1.

At the L-profiles 56 of the vertical supports 7 connecting profiles 34, 35 are attached, which are formed as hollow profiles and the L-profiles 56 in each case partially project in the horizontal direction. The connection profiles 34, 35 are preferably welded to the L-profiles 56. In order to facilitate the mounting of the supporting skeleton 6 mounting screws 58 can additionally be provided, which are shown only in Fig. 10 in dotted lines. In the production of the supporting skeleton 6, individual wall slices can first be formed, which are subsequently connected by mounting screws 58. FIG be, whereupon the wall slices are welded together.

On the hollow profiles 34, 35 OSB plates 59 can be mounted on both sides. Screws 60 used for this purpose are indicated schematically. Between the OSB plates 59 is an insulating material 61, such as a foam.

The outer OSB plates 59 are flush with the L-profiles 56. Interior OSB panels 62, for example in the form of veneered plywood panels, e.g. by means of invisible claws. Other interior panels could also be used, such as plasterboard. In this case, the internal OSB plates 59 could also be omitted.

Remaining voids are filled with a hardening foam 63.

In this degree of production, the building modules 1 are delivered to the construction site and mounted. As a result, the building exterior walls are additionally insulated and provided with an outer skin. For this purpose, for example, a conventional thermal insulation facade can be used. The construction shown by way of example comprises a lamination 64, which is formed, for example, by polystyrene, a vacuum insulation 65, a plaster base layer 66, for example made of styrofoam, and a plaster 67. Other thermal insulation facades in which, for example, mineral wool or styrofoam is used for insulation may also be used become.

The bottom structure resulting from FIGS. 11 and 12 comprises a base plate 68, which continues the horizontal leg of the floor support 8 and is formed, for example, by a cement-bonded chipboard. Wooden beams 69 are supported by the horizontal webs of the floor beams 8. Floor plates 23, for example glued three-layer plates, are laid on these, and an insulating material 71 is arranged between the base plate 70 and the base plate 68. This can be formed, for example, by a mineral insulation 16, in which the available height is reduced for insulation, 5 may be provided a vacuum insulation material.

The ceiling structure also resulting from FIGS. 11 and 12 comprises ceiling panels 72, for example in the form of glued three-layer panels, which are supported by the horizontal webs of the ceiling beams 9. In addition, a 10 insulating material 73 is arranged. This can be formed for example by a mineral insulation. If it is a building module of the top floor, a vacuum insulation material is preferred for higher insulation. Above the insulating material 73, a cover plate 74 is arranged, which is formed for example by an OSB board. 15

Another possibility of forming walls of the building modules 1, which form exterior building walls, which are designed as (inside) all-glass, will be explained in the following with reference to FIGS. 13a, 13b, 14 and 15. FIGS. 13a and 13b show a nodal region of adjoining building modules 1 analogous to FIGS. 7a, 7b. To connect the all-glazing are here on the legs of the supports 7, which are parallel to the building exterior wall attachment profiles 35 'attached, which are designed in the form of L-profiles. The first L-bar is in this case the L-profile of the support 7 and extends horizontally to the building exterior wall and the second L-bar is perpendicular thereto. As is apparent from Fig. 25 14, the connection profile 35 'is used to hold a Isolierglasschei be, which forms a total glazing 5. The first L-web of the connection profile 35 'in this case supports the insulating glass pane in the direction of the building exterior side. On the opposite side of a insulating glass pane supporting Glasfalzstab 76 is attached, which preferably consists of wood and is fixed by means of screws 77 30. 24

From Fig. 15 it can be seen that the insulating glass plate rests on the wooden beam 69 and is spaced by a glass stopper plate 78 relative to the vertical web of the bottom support 8.

On the ceiling support 9, a hollow profile 79 is welded, which serves as an outer stop for the Isoliergiasscheibe, wherein a foam strip 80 is inserted between the insulating glass pane and the hollow section 79. On the opposite side serves a Glasfalzstab 81, which is in particular made of wood and is fixed by means of screws 75, as a stop, again with the interposition of a foam strip 82nd

The spaces between adjacent insulating glass panes in the region of the adjacent vertical supports 7 of adjacent building modules 1 and in the region of the adjacent floor and ceiling beams 8, 9 of superimposed building modules 1 and the edge regions of the insulating glass panes of a cover 83, which preferably consists of aluminum , covered. The cover 83 is filled with an insulating material 84, for example, a vacuum insulation material.

Joints are appropriately filled with foam or cemented out.

A variant for a full glazing is shown in FIGS. 16a, b and 17. The difference to the previously described embodiment is mainly that the insulating glass panes forming the all-glazing 5 here extend as far as the node pieces 19 'and are supported by these. The base layers 21 of the connecting webs 20 of the knot pieces 19 " ' For this purpose, they are projecting outwardly beyond the vertical supports 7. For holding the insulating glass panes against peeling to the outside are flat iron 85, which are received in the insulating glass panes frontally formed grooves and by means of only schematically indicated in Fig. 17 screws 86 at the node pieces 19 " are attached. The remaining joints between the isoiiergiasscheiben / 5 are filled and cemented by a filler 87, such as hemp strips. It can thus be a "t ·· ··" · 25 external, virtually continuous glass facade are formed. Glass stopper plates and foam strips for the insulating glass panes are not shown for the sake of simplicity.

By means of knot pieces 19, 19 ', 19 ", 19'", which are formed cantilevered outwards in relation to the building modules 1, arcades or balconies can also be produced. Sufficient static anchoring of the knot pieces 19, 19 'can be provided by having a correspondingly long length over which they extend between the respective building modules 1.

Various modifications of the embodiments shown are conceivable and possible, without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the claims. Thus, for example, although less preferred, the knuckles 19, 19 'could each be formed by individual connecting webs 20 which are respectively disposed in the nodal regions between the supporting skeletons 6 of vertically superimposed or horizontally adjacent building modules 1.

An inventive building can advantageously be decoupled vibration technology from the foundation to the roof, with all compounds or bearings are elastically decoupled or elastically supported by the deposits of the elastically deformable material.

The screw joints, which are the elastic layers of the knot pieces 19, 19 ', 19 ", 19' " and / or the connecting pieces 43, 43 'are biased. For this purpose, they are tightened with a certain torque. It is thereby achieved the required stability and earthquake resistance. 26 ft * ft ·

Key to the reference numbers 5 1 Building module 2 Foundation 3 Window 4 Door 10 5 All-glass 6 Supporting skeleton 7 Support 8 Shelf support 9 Ceiling support 15 10 vertical professional! 11 Sheet metal strip 12 Sheet 13 Lintel profile 14 Lintel profile 20 15 Parapet profile 16 Hollow profile 17 Opening 18 Roof module 19, 19 ', 19 ", 19' " Junction 25 20, 20 'Connecting web 21 Base layer 22 Position 23 Contact web 24 Base layer 30 25 Position OA Assembly opening 27 Connecting screw 27 28 Nut 29 Washer 30 Damping disk 31 Connecting bolt 32 Nut 33 Damping disk 34 Connecting profile 35, 35' Connecting profile 36 Platelet 37 Connecting piece 38, 38 ' Carrier 39 Connecting screw 40 Nut 41 Damping screw 42 Roof skin 43, 43 'Connecting piece 44 Bridge 45 Base layer 46 Position 47 Connecting screw 48 Nut 49 Damping disc 50, 50' Bridge 51 Base bridge 52 Location 53 Connecting screw 54 Nut 55 Damping disc 56 L-profile 57 Mounting opening 58 Mounting screw 59 OSB board 28 • *

Screw insulation material

Interior fitting board

foam

lamination

vacuum insulation

Plaster base layer

plaster

baseplate

beamed

Base plate insulation material

Ceiling board insulation material

cover

screw

Glasfalzstab

screw

Glass stopper plate

hollow profile

foam strips

Glasfalzstab

foam strips

Cover shell insulation material

flat iron

Screw filling material

Claims (5)

Patent Attorneys Hefel & Hofmann A izs / m 23797/33 / ss 110222 Dr Ralf Hofmann Dr, Thomas Computer 6806 Feldkirch, Austria Egelseestr 65a; PO Box 61 V + ii (Öj5S22? 3 339 M office <9vpat.at i www.vpat.at 1. 5 10 15 2. 20 3. 29 Claims Modular building comprising two or more building modules (1), each one supporting skeleton (6) comprising vertical supports (7) arranged on the vertical edges of a cuboid and floor and ceiling beams (8, 9) arranged on the horizontal edges of the cuboid, the supporting skeletons (6) of adjacent building modules (1) being in nodal areas with each other are connected and the connections of the Tragskelette (6) of the adjacent building modules (1) via node pieces (19, 19 '), characterized in that the Tragskelette (6) of the adjacent building modules (1) are connected by screwing together and that the Tragskelette (6) of the adjacent building modules (1) by the node pieces (19, 19 ') are spaced from each other, wherein in each case at least one connecting web (20) of one of the node pieces (19, 19') between the Tragskelette (6) of zw ei adjacent to the building modules (1) protrudes and the connecting web (20) for elastic decoupling of Tragskelette (6) each having at least one layer (22) made of an elastically deformable plastic. Modular building according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one layer of the elastically deformable plastic of a foamed elastomer, preferably a foamed polyurethane is formed. Modular building according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a respective connecting web (20) has a base layer (21) made of metal, on which the at least one layer (22) of the elastically deformable plastic is applied. Modular building according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the node pieces (19, 19 ') via which the connection of adjacent building modules (1) takes place each comprise a metal profile forming the base layer (21), on which at least one side, preferably on both sides, the layer (22) of the elastically deformable plastic is applied. Modular building according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the screw connections for connecting the supporting skeleton (6) have connecting screws (27) which pass through openings in the supporting skeletons (6) connected in each case by the screw connection. Modular building according to claim 5, characterized in that the connecting screws each pass through an opening in a respective one of the connecting webs (20). Modular building according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that between a screwed onto the respective connecting screw (27) nut (28) and the respective supporting skeleton (6) with which the nut (28) is braced, and / or between a head the respective connecting screw (27) and the supporting skeleton (6), with which the head of the connecting screw (27) is braced, one of the connecting screw (27) interspersed damping disc (30) is inserted from an elastically deformable plastic. Modular building according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the connecting webs (20) extend between the adjacent supporting skeletons (6) in each case over sections of the longitudinal extensions of the longer of the horizontal edges of the supporting skeleton (6), wherein these sections at one end connect the longer horizontal edge of the respective supporting skeleton (6). Modular building according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that for the connection of two vertically superimposed buildings • 31 • · r · * · · · »· · &gt; - &gt; * * _ * * ι * »li | »» »Modules (1) in a nodal area located in an area of an edge of the building between two side walls of the building, there is a knot (19) in which at the connecting web (20) which between the supporting skeletons (6) the two building modules (1) protrudes, a right angle to the 5 connecting web (20) standing and this two-sided superior investment web (23) is fixed, which rests against the building exterior side facing the Tragskelette of the two building modules (1) and with the two Tragskeletten ( ό) is bolted. 10 15 20 25 10. Modular building according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that for the connection of two horizontally adjacent building modules (1) in a node area, which lies in the region of an edge between a building wall and the building floor or the building ceiling, a node piece ( 19 ') is present, in which at the connecting web, which projects between the two building modules (1), a perpendicular to the connecting web standing and this on both sides superior contact web (23) is fixed, which is directed to the building exterior side of the Tragskelette (6) of the two Building module (1) is applied and screwed to the two Tragskeletten (6). 11, modular building according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that for connecting four building modules (1), the pairs vertically above each other and horizontally next to each other in a node area, which is in the vicinity of the adjacent corners of these building modules, a node piece (19 ') is present, which comprises four connecting webs (20), wherein in the circumferential direction successive connecting webs (20) each perpendicular to each other and wherein the connecting webs (20) in each case between two of the adjacent Tragskelette (6) protrude. 30 12. Modular building according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that for connecting a building module with a foundation (2) in a corner region of the building, a connection piece (43) is present, 4 V 32 ·· ·· ·· • * * * · «* · · · V · · ·« «· · Ψ I« ·· »·» »4« * * t which has a bridge (44) placed between the supporting skeleton (6) of this building module and Connecting piece (37) of the foundation (2) protrudes and the at least one layer (46) of an elastically deformable plastic, wherein the supporting skeleton (6) with the connecting piece (37) via a Ver-5 graubung is connected. 13. Modular building according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the vertical supports (7) each have L-shaped profiles whose extending between the two L-webs edge to the outside of the Ge-10 baudemoduls (1) is directed and at which connection profiles (34, 35, 35 ') are defined for the connection of parts of a wall structure. 14. Modular building according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the bottom support (8) are formed by L-profiles having a horizontal leg 15, seen from the cross-section a verti cal leg protrudes upward. 15. Modular building according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the ceiling beams (9) are formed by L-profiles having a horizontal leg 20, seen from the cross-sectional verti cal leg protrudes upwards.