JP2003157402A - オープンネットワーク販売システム及び取引トランザクションのリアルタイムでの承認を行う方法 - Google Patents
オープンネットワーク販売システム及び取引トランザクションのリアルタイムでの承認を行う方法Info
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- JP2003157402A JP2003157402A JP2002267886A JP2002267886A JP2003157402A JP 2003157402 A JP2003157402 A JP 2003157402A JP 2002267886 A JP2002267886 A JP 2002267886A JP 2002267886 A JP2002267886 A JP 2002267886A JP 2003157402 A JP2003157402 A JP 2003157402A
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Abstract
(67)で取引きする完全なシステム(200)を提供
する。 【解決手段】 ネットワーク(67)上の販売者コンピ
ュータ(63、64)は、購入者コンピュータ(61、
62)によってアクセスされるディジタル広告(65、
66)のデータベースを保持する。ユーザの問い合わせ
に応答して、購入者コンピュータ(61、62)は販売
者コンピュータ(63、64)から広告を取り出してデ
ィスプレーする。ディジタル広告は購入者コンピュータ
(61、62)によって翻訳されるプログラムを含むこ
とができる。購入者コンピュータ(61、62)によっ
てユーザが広告によって示された製品を取引できる。支
払いのフォームは、取引が開始された後、要求できる。
ペイメントシステム(300)は支払いの承認を行な
う。ペイメントシステムは外部金融システムから口座承
認を得る。ペイメントオーダは認証手段で署名される。
Description
数の販売者コンピュータと通信する複数の購入者コンピ
ュータを用いてユーザが製品を取引できるネットワーク
販売システムに関する。 【0002】 【従来の技術】インターネットのような国際公衆パケッ
ト交換コンピュータネットワークに関する情報用途の最
近の著しい成長は、公衆コンピュータネットワークが商
品とサービスにおける新たな種類の開放された市場を形
成する可能性があることを教唆している。このような市
場は、複数の購入者コンピュータと販売者用コンピュー
タ、販売者コンピュータからのディジタル広告を表示す
る、購入者コンピュータのユーザのための手段及びユー
ザがこの広告によって示される製品を取引する、ユーザ
のための手段からなるネットワーク販売システムで作り
出せる可能性がある。 【0003】ネットワークがべースになった販売システ
ムは、ユーザが殆ど、又は全く費用をかけずに製品を予
め見ることができるようにし、しかも数多くの製品広告
に従来の手段を利用させなければならない。さらに、シ
ョッピングシステムは、ユーザが販売独立型支払い方法
を用いて所望の製品を取引するのに使用しやすい設備を
含んでいなければならない。さらにネットワークでの販
売は新規の購入者と販売者が市場に参入できなければな
らない。 【0004】市場において、主に必要とされることは支
払い機構であるが、ユーザがクレジットカード、デビッ
トカード、普通預金口座残高のような従来の金融機関を
使用できる現在の販売独立型の支払い機構は、コンピュ
ータネットワークに利用できない。顧客があまり大きく
ない取引に小売りの機構を用い、銀行が取引におけるパ
ートナーとの間で決済を行なうのに卸売の機構を用いる
状態で小売り支払い機構と卸売り支払いの機構の双方が
ネットワークに必要とされる。小売りの機構が広い範囲
で許容されるためには、現在のクレジットカード、デビ
ットカード、及び自動手形交換所(Automated
Clearing House)の設備の論理的な進
化でなければならず、一方、卸売機構が許容されるため
には、法人の電子式資金移動システムの進化したバージ
ョンでなければならない。 【0005】これらの問題が、過去において例えば各販
売者が各ユーザごとの口座を保持するネットワークベー
ス販売システムによってアプローチされてきた。ユーザ
は、販売者を利用するために、前もって各販売者に対し
て口座を開かなければならない縦来のネットワークベー
ス販売システムでは、ユーザが、現在のクレジットカー
ド及び支払いに対する普通預金口座を用いることができ
るように設計されていないし、プログラムがディジタル
式広告に含まれることができるように設計されていな
い。 【0006】 【発明が解決しようとする課題】従って、本発明の第1
の目的はユーザが自由に販売者を選択することができ、
支払いに対して現在の金融機関を利用できる、ユーザ会
話型ネットワーク販売システムを提供することである。
別の目的は、高質なユーザインターフェイスを提供し、
ユーザに様々な大量の広告を提供し、新しいサービスの
拡大が容易になされ、現在のシステムのインフラストラ
クチュアにおいて新しい用途を容易に拡大できるネット
ワーク販売システムを含む。 【0007】本発明のさらに別の目的は、ペイメントオ
ーダを承認し、販売者から詐取される危険性の一部を取
り除くことである。 【0008】公衆コンピュータネットワークの避けがた
い特性は、公衆コンピュータネットワークが多くの個人
及び組織によって制御される、スイッチ、伝送及びホス
トコンピュータ成分からなることである。このように、
ネットワークペイメントシステムが、特定された最小限
必要とされる程度のソフトウェア、ハードウェア、及び
公衆ネットワークにおけるすべての成分に対する物理的
セキュリティーに依存することは不可能である。例え
ば、与えられたユーザのパーソナルコンピュータにスト
アされたシークレット鍵は危険にさらされ、スイッチは
通信を再び送ることに関して干渉され、伝送設備は遮断
されて処理される。 【0009】公衆ネットワークにおいて小売りの支払い
を実行する危険性は、ペイメントシステムのオペレータ
がユーザのセキュリティを部分的に冒すことになる制定
法によって一層大きくなる。 【0010】電子資金移転法、顧客クレジット保護法を
含む、アメリ力合衆国の現在の連邦制定法では、多くの
場合において顧客の負債を制限するためにペイメント機
構のオペレータを必要とする。ペイメントシステムのオ
ペレータは卸売商取引のために別の受託責務を有してい
てもよい。同様の責務が小売及び卸売の商取引に関して
他の国においても存在する。 【0011】現在のクレジットカードペイメントシステ
ムにおいて、クレジットカードを発行する銀行は、販売
者が作られたカードの引き受けプロトコルに従うとき、
このカードが過って使用される際の搾取の危険性の責任
を請け負う。引き受けプロトコルは、カードの裏側の署
名がカード持ち主のものであることを確かめることと、
所定の金額を超えた支払いに対して承認を得ることを含
む。しかしながら、ネットワークベースの取引におい
て、販売者は取引クレジットカードを物理的に審査する
ことができず、搾取の危険性は、いわゆる"カードが存
在しない"商取引において販売者に逆もどりする可能性
がある。多くの販売者には、制限された財政源のために
この危険性を負うことができない。このため、本発明は
多くの販売者がネットワークベースの取引に関与できる
ために重要である。 【0012】本発明の他の目的は、クレジットカード、
デビットカード及び販売者の支払いに対する普通預金残
高のような現在の金融機関を用いることを含む。 【0013】現在のネットワークペイメントシステム
は、承認のための金融システムに接続せず、従来の金融
機関に適合しない。現在のネットワークペイメントシス
テムは単純なネットワーク支払いプロトコル〔ダッカシ
S.SNPP、シンプルなネットワークペイメントプロ
トコル、コンピュータサイエンスのMIT研究所、MA
1993〕、サーブのインターネットビルサーバ〔サー
ブ、M.A.インターネットビルサービスデザインおよ
びプロトコルタイプの実行、情報ネットワークプログラ
ム、カーネギーメロン大学、1993〕、ネットキャッ
シュ〔メディビンスキ、G.とニューマン、B.C.、
ネットキャッシュ:インターネットプロトコルの実際的
電子通貨の設計、1993年11月、第1回ACM C
onf.on Com. and Comm.セキュリ
ティ〕を含む。 【0014】さらに本発明の別の目的は,委託されてい
ないネットワーク環境においてユーザが現在の金融シス
テムネットワークの変更を必要とせずに従来の金融機関
を用いることができることである。 【0015】以下の定義は本発明に適用する。主体は
人、会社、機関またはネットワークペイメントシステム
の一部として商取引を行うよう承認されている別の物で
ある。ペイメントオーダでは発送人の識別、支払い金
額、受取人、発送特定ノンスを記載する。発送人は主な
支払いを行なう主体である。受取人は、ペイメントシス
テムによって支払われるべき主体である。発送人特定ノ
ンスは与えられた発送人によって一度だけ用いられる識
別子である。発送人特定ノンスの例は特定のタイムスタ
ンプである。外部口座は外部金融システムにおける発送
人又は受取人のいずれかに対してペイメントオーダを設
定するのに用いることのできる口座である。外部口座の
例は預金口座及びクレジットカード口座を含む。外部デ
バイスは、ユーザを識別することを目的とするための、
ユーザに所有されたままの物理的な対象物である。 【0016】ネットワークペイメントシステムは、外部
の口座によって裏書きされるディジタル式ペイメントオ
ーダを承認し履行するサービスである。ペイメントシス
テムはペイメントオーダ、十分な資金またはクレジット
に対する小切手を認証し、ペイメントオーダを実行する
ための資金移転商取引を開始する。ペイメントシステム
はペイメントオーダの受け入れまたは拒絶を承認する。
一つ以上のペイメントシステムが与えられたネットワー
クに存在し、与えられたペイメントシステムは一つ以上
のホストで作動し、その信頼性、有効性及び機能性を高
める。認証手段はペイメントオーダに添付されるディジ
タル値であり、真実としてペイメントオーダを承認する
ペイメントオーダの一部となる。 【0017】 【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、ネットワーク
で複数の販売者コンピュータと通信する複数の購入者コ
ンピュータを用いてユーザが製品を取引できるネットワ
ーク販売システムに関する。各販売者コンピュータはデ
ィジタル広告のデータベースを有する。各ディジタル式
広告は製品の値段と概要を含む。購入者コンピュータ
は、リクエストし、ディスプレーし、販売者コンピュー
タからのディジタル式広告に応答する。ユーザは、取引
に対して支払う口座を特定した後、購入者コンピュータ
と製品を取引できる。ネットワークペイメントサービス
は、販売者の注文処理がなされる前にその取引を承認す
るのに用いられる。 【0018】本発明の特定の態様において、販売者コン
ピュータは、口座情報が購入者コンピュータにより与え
られないときに口座情報を要求できる。本発明の別の態
様において、購入者コンピュータは、ネットワークペイ
メントシステムから得られる予め承認されたペイメント
オーダを販売者に提示できる。 【0019】本発明の別の態様において、電子販売シス
テムは、プログラムを含むディジタル広告を含む。この
プログラムは販売者コンピュータによってユーザに変わ
って遂行され、製品の注文処理を実行する販売者コンピ
ュータに送信される取引リクエストに導くことができ
る。 【0020】本発明の他の目的において、ネットワーク
ペイメントシステムは、ペイメントオーダを実行する。
ペイメントオーダは、発送人、受取人、支払い金額及び
ノンス識別子を含む。ペイメントオーダは、ペイメント
システムによってチェックされる認証手段でクライエン
トコンピュータによって署名される。ペイメントオーダ
は銀行システムにおける口座によって裏書きされ、これ
らの預金状況を知る金融承認ネットワークにメッセージ
を送ることにより、ネットワークペイメントシステムに
よって承認される。このペイメントシステムはメッセー
ジを現在の金融システムネットワークに送ることによっ
て決済を行なう。 【0021】別の態様において、ペイメントオーダは特
定される送付アドレスに基づいて承認される。別の態様
において、ペイメントシステムは承認された法的な送付
アドレスにおいて特定する。別の態様において、ペイメ
ントオーダの認証手段は、ユーザとペイメントシステム
のみに知られている一回きりの商取引の識別子に基づ
く。別の態様において、与えられた発送人に対するペイ
メントオーダは所定のクライエントコンピュータネット
ワークアドレスからのみ受け入れられる。別の態様にお
いて、ネットワークペイメントシステムは、そのネット
ワークペイメントシステムがペイメントオーダを承認す
る前にメッセージをリアルタイムで金融承認システムに
送る。 【0022】 【発明の実施の形態】本発明の他の目的、特徴及び利点
は以下の詳細な説明と図面ともに明白になるであろう。 【0023】図1に示されているネットワーク販売シス
テム200はネットワーク67を用いて複数の購入者コ
ンピュータ61、62、販売者コンピュータ63、6
4、支払いコンピュータ68とを相互に接続しており、
各販売者コンピュータ63、64はそれぞれディジタル
広告データベース65、66を備えている。システムの
ユーザは購入者コンピュータを用いて販売者コンピュー
タ63、64からの広告を取り出し、関心のある製品を
取引する。支払いコンピュータは取引トランザクション
を承認するのに用いられる。 【0024】ディジタル式広告は、製品の種目と値段を
含む。ディジタル式広告のデータベース65において、
値段と種目は別に記憶されており、一つの値段を多くの
製品種目に適用してもよい。 【0025】別の実施例において、ネットワーク販売シ
ステムは、さらに、ユーザに所有されたままである外部
デバイスを含んでおり、ユーザが購入者コンピュータを
使用するときに自らを認証できるようになっている。 【0026】特定の好ましい実施例のもととなるソフト
ウェアアーキテクチュアは、広域情報システム(Wor
ld Wide Web)のハイパーテキストコンベン
ションに基づいている。アペンディックスAは、ディジ
タル式広告を表すのに用いられるハイパーテキストマー
クアップ言語(HTML)ドキュメントのフォーマット
を説明し、アペンディックスBは、モザイク2.0にお
けるHTMLのフォームを記入する際のサポートを説明
し、アペンディックスCは購入者コンピュータと販売者
コンピュータ間のハイパーテキスト通信プロトコル(H
TTP)の説明であり、アペンディックスDは、ドキュ
メントがURLs(Uniform Resource
Locators)でどのように名付けられているか
を説明する。ドキュメントは、テキスト、音声、及びビ
デオを含むマルチメディアドキュメント、及びプログラ
ムを含むドキュメントのような広い意味に分析される種
類のディジタルデータとして定義される。 【0027】図2は、購入者コンピュータによって販売
者コンピュータから取り出され、購入者コンピュータに
よって表示された概観的なスクリーンを示す。これは、
ユーザによって作動されたときに、購入者コンピュータ
が特定の作動を起こすリンク1、2、及び3を含む。リ
ンク1において、図1に示されたドキュメントが販売者
コンピュータから取り出されて表示される。リンク2に
おいて、短い音声セグメントが販売者コンピュータから
取り出されて表示される。リンク3において、質問ダイ
アログボックス4に入力される質問が購入者コンピュー
タに送られ、ドキュメントが販売者コンピュータから取
り出されて表示される。 【0028】図3は、3つのディジタル広告を含むドキ
ュメントを示す。リンク3の作動後に、ディジタル広告
が販売者コンピュータから取り出された。例えば、リク
エストする購入者コンピュータのネットワークアドレス
によって決定されるユーザの識別に基づいて、広告に含
まれた値段を販売者コンピュータが設定してもよい。ド
キュメントは、広告によって説明される製品を購入する
のに用いられるリンク5、6、及び7を含む。例えば、
リンク5が作動する場合、図4に示されている空欄のペ
イメント情報のドキュメントが販売者コンピュータから
取り出されて表示される。 【0029】図4は、HTMLのフォームにおいて要求
された取引のユーザ口座情報を収集するのに用いられる
空欄ペイメント情報ドキュメントである。ラジオボタン
8、9、10、11、12が支払いの手段を選択するの
に用いられ、ダイアログボックス13は口座番号を入力
するのに用いられ、ダイアログボックス14は口座に対
する任意的な認証を入力するのに用いられ、購入ボタン
15は、口座情報を販売者コンピュータに送り、取引を
処理するのに用いられ、リンク16はその取引を中止し
図2に示されたドキュメントに戻るのに用いられ、ダイ
アログボックス17はその取引に関連する任意的なユー
ザを入力するのに用いられ、最終的にはこの取引トラン
ザクションに対するテキスチャル支払い識別子の一部と
して金融機関によ一て用いられる。もし与えられるので
あれば、この情報は取引に対するペイメントオーダに含
まれる。 【0030】図5は、有効な口座情報が、図4の空欄の
ペイメント情報ドキュメントに提供されて取引ボタン1
5が作動されると作り出される注文処理ドキュメント1
8である。 【0031】図6は、図2から図5に示された取引トラ
ンザクションにおける情報の流れをより完全に説明す
る。リンク1を作動することからの初期のユーザの問い
合わせ19により、特定されたURLで特定ドキュメン
トのHTTPリクエスト20となる。URLは販売者コ
ンピュータの名前を特定する。販売者コンピュータは、
21でURLで与えられたドキュメントを取り出し、こ
れを22で購入者コンピュータに戻す。購入者コンピュ
ータは、その結果得られたHTMLドキュメントを23
で表示する。ユーザがリンク5を作動すると、HTTP
リクエスト25が販売者コンピュータに送られ、ドキュ
メンとをリクエストする。 【0032】別の実施例において、ドキュメント22
は、プログラムとして23で実行される。プログラム
は、ユーザの行動または購入者コンピュータの環境に基
づいて条件付きの機能を表すことのできる一組のインス
トラクションとして定義される。当業者に公知のよう
に、データとしてプログラムを表すのに数多くの技術が
ある。このプログラムは購入者コンピュータによって通
訳されたりまたは直接実行させることができる。実行さ
れたときのプログラムによって、購入者コンピュータが
ユーザと対話するようになり、ユーザ取引リクエスト2
4及び取引メッセージ25に導く。 【0033】次いで販売者コンピュータは、ユーザのま
わりに収集された情報を用いて26でペイメントオーダ
を構成しようとする。この購入者コンピュータは、記入
フォームが通常のユーザの通信で購入者コンピュータの
ネットワークアドレスを提供するような別の口座識別手
段を用いて、先に与えられた所定の証明を有していても
よい。購入者コンピュータが、26で完全なペイメント
オーダを構成できる場合には、27で承認されたペイメ
ントコンピュータにペイメントオーダが送られる。ペイ
メントオーダが構成できる場合には処理が28に続く。 【0034】或いは、購入者コンピュータは24でペイ
メントオーダを構成し、これを25で販売者コンピュー
タに送る。この場合、販売者コンピュータにおける、ペ
イメントオーダの組立段階は、購入者コンピュータから
のペイメントオーダを送信することのみが必要とされ
る。 【0035】ペイメントオーダでは、ユーザの口座情
報、販売者の口座情報、料金、同一のユーザの口座に対
して先に使用されなかったノンスの識別子を含む。ペイ
メントオーダの変更例は、口座情報の代わりにユーザま
たは販売者の識別子を特性するペイメントオーダ、有効
時間を特定するペイメントオーダ、外国通貨を特定する
ペイメントオーダ及びコメントのストリングを含むペイ
メントオーダのように構成できる。ペイメントオーダを
構成するプロセスの一部分が、以下に記載する認証手段
の一つを用いて対応する認証手段を作り出す。 【0036】図3及び図4の図示した実施例において、
販売者コンピュータは26でペイメントオーダを構成す
るのに十分な情報を有しておらず、このため33で(図
7参照)リクエスト25に応答して空欄のペイメント情
報ドキュメントを構成して戻す。オペレーション33
は、販売者コンピュータがユーザから既に収集したのは
どんな情報かに基づいて、構成されたドキュメント内に
適当なフォームのフィールドを含む。このドキュメント
は、34で購入者コンピュータに戻されて35で表示さ
れる。ユーザが取引ボタン15を押すと、HTTPリク
エストを用いて、フォームの内容が販売者コンピュータ
に特定のURL名に対して36で通信される。供給され
たフォームフィールドに基づいて、販売者コンピュータ
は完全なペイメントオーダを構成する。或いは、購入者
コンピュータは35でペイメントオーダを構成し、段階
36の一部として販売者コンピュータに送る。この場
合、販売者コンピュータにおけるペイメントオーダ組立
段階37は、購入者コンピュータからのペイメントオー
ダを単に通るだけである。ペイメントオーダは、38に
おいてメッセージで支払いコンピュータに送られる。 【0037】いずれの場合にも、フローチャートは図6
に続き、支払いコンピュータは28でペイメントオーダ
の承認をチェックする。ペイメントシステムがリクエス
トを承認する場合には、29において承認メッセージが
購入者コンピュータに戻されて、販売者コンピュータは
30で、以下に記載の認証機構を用いて支払いコンピュ
ータから承認メッセージが発せられたことをチェックす
る。承認メッセージが有効である場合には、販売者コン
ピュータは、30で注文処理を実行し、31で応答して
取引された製品を戻す。図5の例において、31での応
答は、リンク5の論理的なターゲットであったドキュメ
ント18である、ペイメントシステムがペイメントオー
ダを承認しない場合には、31での応答は、ユーザの取
引リクエストを拒否する。 【0038】別の実施例において、段階30は、購入者
コンピュータに知られているキーを用いてドキュメント
をコードに置換することができる。当業者に公知のよう
に、このキーは、従来のキー分散プロトコルを用いて販
売者コンピュータに通信できる。この手段において、ド
キュメントが他のユーザに対して開示されることを防
ぐ。 【0039】30における注文処理段階は、或いは通常
の郵便または他の手段によって発送されるように物理的
製品のスケジュールをたてることができる。これは、注
文処理リクエストデータベースを更新したり、メッセー
ジを発送システムに送ることによって達成できる。この
場合、31での応答は製品が発送されるスケジュールが
立てられたことの確認である。この方法において、ネッ
トワーク販売システムは、電子メールオーダシステムを
手段とすることができる。 【0040】図8、9、10及び11は、ディジタル広
告に対する質問べースアクセスを用いる第2の例を示
す。先の例は同じ購入者コンピュータでの直前にユーザ
によって用いられたと考える。 【0041】図8は、質問“ムービーリビュー”がダイ
アログボックス39に入力された場合の概観スクリーン
を示す。ユーザがプロセスボタン40を作動すると、販
売者はボタン40に取りつけられたURLによって記載
されているようなデータベースを検索し、図9に示され
ている応答ドキュメントを作り出す。 【0042】図9は、ボタン40によって初期化された
質問に応答する際に見つけられたディジタル広告39、
40、41、42、43及び44を示す。スクロールバ
ー45は示されていない別のディジタル広告があること
を示す。リンク46は作動されると、図10に示された
空欄の口座情報ドキュメントが販売者コンピュータによ
って戻される。 【0043】図10は、販売者コンピュータが購入者の
口座に部分的な情報を有することを示す。メッセージ4
7は、販売者コンピュータが概に購買者の口座番号を知
っていることを示している。取引ボタン48は、ダイア
ログボックス50内の任意的なユーザリファレンススト
リングを、ボタン48の後ろ側のURLによって記述さ
れている販売者コンピュータに送り、ディジタル式広告
39に対応する製品を取り引きする。キャンセルリンク
49は、ユーザを図2に示したドキュメントに戻す。 【0044】取引ボタン48が作動されると、ドキュメ
ント51が販売者コンピュータによって送られ、図11
に示すように購入者コンピュータによって表示される。 【0045】図12は、販売トランザクションを処理す
る別の方法を示す。この方法において、ユーザが52で
取引をリクエストし、購入者コンピュータは53でペイ
メントオーダを構成し、これを認証のために54で支払
いコンピュータに送る。支払いコンピュータは55でペ
イメントオーダを認証する。ペイメントオーダが認証さ
れると、支払いコンピュータがペイメントオーダが有効
である偽造不可能な認証を56で戻す。このような偽造
不可能な認証を作り出す手段が以下の番号1の証明方法
に記載されている。段階55において、ペイメントオー
ダが承認されなければ、拒絶メッセージが56で送ら
れ、販売トランザクションが終了する。 【0046】次いで、購入者コンピュータは57に進
み、予め承認された取引リクエストを販売者コンピュー
タに送る。偽造不可能な証明56が57で取引メッセー
ジ内に含まれており58で販売者コンピュータに送られ
る。予め承認されたペイメントオーダに基づいて、販売
者コンピュータは59で注文処理を実行し60で製品を
戻す。変更例において、販売者コンピュータは59でペ
イメントオーダが以前用いられなかったとを確かめるた
めにチェックする。このことは、支払いコンピュータで
チェックしたり、先に受け入れられたペイメントオーダ
の販売者コンピュータのデータベースを維持することに
よって達成される。段階56で形成された偽造不可能な
証明では、ユーザ口座情報を含む必要はない。この変更
は、ユーザが取引を行うことを希望し販売者に対して不
明な状態のままである場合に有益である。 【0047】ネットワークペイメントシステム 図13に見られるようにネットワークペイメントシステ
ム300は、公衆パケット交換ネットワーク69を用い
て複数のクライエントコンピュータ70、71と72の
ような複数の支払いコンピュータを相互に接続するのに
用いられており、それぞれの支払いコンピュータは口座
データベース73、決済データベース74、承認された
アドレスデータベース75、発送人信用証明データベー
ス76、金融システムインターフェイス77、及びリア
ルタイムでの承認インターフェイス78を有する。イン
ターフェイス77、78は単一の通信ラインによって実
行されてもよい。 【0048】別の実施例において、ネットワークペイメ
ントシステムは、さらにユーザに所有されたままの外部
デバイスを含んでおり、ユーザが購入者コンピュータを
使用するときに認証することができる。 【0049】口座データベース73は、現在使用した金
額のような一時的な使用金額を維持し、一時的な使用限
界も保持できる。口座データベースは、また主体の識別
子と外部の口座識別子との間の翻訳も保持できる。決済
データベース74は、インターフェイス78から得られ
た、オーダの認証情報とともに委任されたペイメントオ
ーダを記録する。アドレスデータベース75は各発送人
毎に承認された購入者コンピュータと送付アドレスとの
リストを保持する。信用認証データベース76は、主体
の証明と主体を認証するのに用いることのできる情報の
リストを保持する。 【0050】図14は、ペイメントシステムの操作を述
べるフローチャートである。クライエントコンピュータ
71は79でペイメントオーダを構成し、計算し、80
で認証手段をペイメントオーダに加える。ペイメントオ
ーダは81で支払いコンピュータに送られ、承認が82
で確認されて、ペイメントオーダが記載する発送人によ
って始まったことを確認する。以下に、80と82を実
行する異なる手段を示す。 【0051】ペイメントオーダが認証されアドレス規制
が望まれる場合には、83でクライエントコンピュータ
または特定された送付アドレスのいずれか、または双方
がアドレスデータベース75に対してチェックされるこ
とができる。アドレス規制が望まれて、ペイメントオー
ダ内のアドレスがデータベース内にない場合には、支払
いコンピュータが拒絶メッセージをクライエントコンピ
ュータに送る。アドレスデータべース75は、各主体ご
とに受入れ可能なクライエントコンピュータアドレスと
送付アドレスを特定する。送付アドレスは、ネットワー
クアドレス、またはパッケージされた製品に対するスト
リートアドレスとできる。公知のように、データベース
75は決め手となる仕様と、サイズを小さくするための
同様の技術を含むことができる。 【0052】例えば、データベース75は、法的な送付
アドレスを規制する本人の識別子“*@acme.co
m”を“computer:*.com”、“comp
uter:cmu.edu”および“surface:
*、34メインストリート、エニータウン、米国”にす
る入口を含み、Acme社における如何なるユーザもA
cmeまたはCMU大学のネットワークアドレスまた
は、34メインストリート、エニータウン米国の誰かに
送付されるべき製品を注文できる。 【0053】ペイメントオーダアドレス規制が望まれな
かったり、またはチェックされなかった場合には、処理
が84で継続されて、ペイメントオーダがリプレーと一
時的な支出制限をチェックする。決済データベース74
においてノンスによって委託されたペイメントオーダの
インデックスをチェックすることによって、送付人がペ
イメントオーダを同一ノンスで先に提示しなかったこと
を確かめることによってリプレーがチェックされる。ノ
ンスが時間に依る場合には、管理上決定された値よりも
古いペイメントオーダが不要になって拒絶される。時間
べースのノンスまたはシーケンシャルなノンスによって
古いノンスが決済データベース74から取り除かれるペ
イメントオーダが先に処理されたり、またノンスが古す
ぎる場合にはペイメントオーダコンピュータは拒絶メッ
セージをクライエントに送る。 【0054】ペイメントオーダがリプレーチェックを通
ると、口座データベース73において一時的な支出規制
がチェックされる。これらの支出制限が送り主ごと、送
り主のグループごと、また搾取の危険を規制するための
ペイメントシステムベースごとに適用できる。この制限
は、例えば時間ごとに、または日ごとの最高使用額のよ
うに、どんな時間の長さにも適用できる。ペイメントオ
ーダが支出制限を破る場合には支払いコンピータは拒絶
メッセージをクライエントに送る。 【0055】84でペイメントオーダが一時的な支出チ
ェックを通ると、85でメッセージが、送り主のペイメ
ントシステム口座を裏付ける外部口座が適当な預金、ま
たはクレジットを有することをチェックするように構成
される。ペイメントオーダにおける送付人識別子が既に
外部金融機関の口座番号でない場合には、口座データべ
ース73を用いて外部金融機関において対応する口座番
号に変えられる。リアルタイムでの承認リクエストメッ
セージが86でインターフェース78を通して外部金融
機関に送られる。外部金融システムが承認リクエスト8
6を承認する場合には、86で外部金融システムは承認
リクエストを承認し、認証メッセージが87で戻る。リ
クエスト86が承認されない場合には、支払いコンピュ
ータは87で拒絶メッセージをクライエントに送付す
る。 【0056】上述のアプローチの変更例において、処理
が84の後95で続く。95でリアルタイムの承認は、
最後のリアルタイムの承認後、送り人の支払いの全額が
所定額に達するときのみ得られる。すなわちペイメント
オーダが所定金額を越えるときのみ得られる。これらの
所定値はデータベース73をべースにして依頼人ごとに
任意的に記録される、即ち全依頼人に対して管理上決定
できる。この手段において、外部金融機関に対するメッ
セージの数が減少する。さらに、ペイメントシステム
は、リスクがペイメントシステムオペレータに受け入れ
られた場合には、小額の支払いに対するリアルタイムで
の承認リクエストを行なわないようにできる。リアルタ
イムの承認が必要である場合には、95の後に85の処
理が続く。リアルタイムでの承認がリクエストに対して
必要でない場合には、100でペイメントオーダの全額
がデータベース73における最後のリアルタイムの承認
後の送付人の全支払い金額に加えられ、処理が88で継
続する。 【0057】100の後の別の変更例において、チェッ
クが101でデータベース73内でなされ背景の承認プ
ロセスがスケジュールされるべきかどうかを判断する。
背景の承認プロセスによって支払いコンピュータは、送
付人口座に関して金融承認ネットワークでチェックしな
がら、通常のプロセスを継続できる。この機構はペイメ
ントシステムのリスクを規制するのに用いることができ
る。背景の承認が失敗する場合には、口座は更新データ
ベース73によって停止される。最後の承認以後の送付
人の全支払いが73に記憶された所定値を越える場合に
は、背景の承認プロセスが102でスケジュールされ
る。或いは、プロセスが88で継続する。 【0058】別の変更例において、95、101におい
て承認が最後の承認後に費された料金と最後の承認以後
の時間とに基づいて得られる。 【0059】88においてペイメントオーダは遂行を委
託され、決済データベース74内に記録される。データ
ベース74内においてペイメントオーダに記録されるの
は、支払いコンピュータが遠隔した金融システムと接触
したことを表す承認メッセージ87の一部分である。ペ
イメントオーダの料金がデータベース73内で処理され
る一時的な支出記録に加えられ、承認メッセージがクラ
イエントコンピュータに90で送られる。承認メッセー
ジはペイメントオーダを含む。別の実施例において、9
0において承認メッセージは、少なくともペイメントオ
ーダの送付人とペイメントオーダの特定ノンスを含む縮
小化したペイメントオーダを含む。 【0060】別の実施例において、90でクライエント
に送られた承認メッセージは、データベース75から決
定されるように送付人の少なくとも一つの法的送付アド
レスを含む。 【0061】承認メッセージ90は、支払いコンピュー
タからのものであることをクライエントが確かめること
ができるような手段で送信される。89でペイメントシ
ステムの特定の認証手段がペイメントオーダに加えられ
る。91で、この認証手段がクライエントコンピュータ
によってチェックされる。89における段階は、段階8
0の2倍であり、91での段階は段階82の2倍であ
る。段階89、91の認証手段は以下に記載する。 【0062】最後に、送付人と受取人に対応する外部口
座間での外部金融システム77において92で決済が実
行される。リアルタイムのデビットネットワークにおい
て発生するように決済が段階86、87でリアルタイム
の承認の一部として達成されると、別の段階が行なわれ
る必要はない。決済が、承認プロセスの一部として達成
されない場合には、金融システムメッセージがインター
フェイス77に送られて決済を行なう。含まれている外
部口座に従って、これらのメッセージが電子式資金移動
メッセージまたは自動化された手形交換所のメッセージ
を含んでいればよい。 【0063】別の実施例において、92において、決済
メッセージが送られて、例えば1日1回の時間的なべー
スに基づいて主体の間のネット移転残高に一致させる。
この実施例において、決済メッセージの数はペイメント
オーダの数よりも少ない。 【0064】以下の方法のうちの一つを用いて認証が行
なわれてチェックされてもよい。ペイメントコンピュー
タは最初の4つの方法を用いることができ、クライエン
トコンピュータは記載する方法のいかなる方法を用いて
もよい。 【0065】認証手段の第1の方法において、段階8
0、または89において、RSAのような公開鍵暗号方
式を用いて送付コンピュータによってペイメントオーダ
のダイジェストが署名される。この署名は認証手段とし
て用いられる。公知のように、対の公開鍵から作られる
プライベート鍵を用いて署名がなされ、署名鍵は署名者
のみしか知られず、別の公開鍵は、受取コンピュータに
知られている。支払いコンピュータにおいて、各送付人
に対応する公開鍵は信用証明データベース76に保持さ
れたままである。ペイメントサービスのプライベート鍵
もデータベース76内に保持されている。段階82、ま
たは91において、受け取られたメッセージの署名は、
受信したコンピュータに知られている公開鍵を用いてチ
ェックされる。 【0066】認証手段の第2の方法において、段階80
または89において、ペイメントオーダのダイジェスト
がDESのような公開鍵暗号システムを用いて発送コン
ピュータによって署名される。この署名は認証手段とし
て用いられる。ペイメントコンピュータにおいて、各送
付人に対応するプライベート鍵が信用証明データベース
76内に保持されている。段階80において、ペイメン
トオーダのダイジェストがクライエントコンピュータに
よって署名されて、段階89において追加されたアプロ
ーバルコードを有するペイメントオーダのダイジェスト
が、同じプライベート鍵を用いて支払いコンピュータに
よって署名される。段階82、また91において、受け
取ったメッセージの署名が共用プライベート鍵を用いて
チェックされる。 【0067】認証手段の第3の方法において、段階80
において、スマートカードのようなシステムの外部の保
護デバイスによって認証手段が計算される。保護デバイ
スは特に、反復して妥協することの双方が困難であるよ
うに設計される。この方法において、ペイメントオーダ
は80でスマートカードに通信する。スマートカード
は、ペイメントオーダのダイジェストを計算し署名し、
認証手段として用いられるように80で裏書きされた署
名を通信する。スマートカードが作り出した認証手段
は、ペイメントオーダとそのスマートカードとを独特に
組み合わされる。このことは、ペイメントオーダのディ
ジタル署名を作り出すのに用いられるシークレット鍵
“K”を含むスマートカードを有することによって達成
される。“K”はスマートカードの外で解除されること
はない。スマートカードは、デバイスを所有していると
きでさえ、“K”を計算不可能にさせるように構成され
ている。この方法において、段階82においてデータベ
ース76からの署名チェック鍵は認証手段をチェックす
るのに用いられる。別の実施例において、ユーザは、認
証手段が外部デバイスによって作られる前に、外部デバ
イスの一部である入力デバイスに各ペイメントオーダを
受け入れることを手動で合図を送らなければならない。 【0068】認証手段に対する第4の方法において、段
階80または89において、ネットワークアドレスが認
証手段として用いられる。段階82、または91におい
て、ペイメントオーダのダイジェストがランダムパスワ
ードとともに特定されたネットワークアドレスに戻され
る。特定されたネットワークアドレスにおいてコンピュ
ータはパスワードとともにペイメントオーダダイシェス
トを戻さなければならない。ネットワークが、適当なネ
ットワークアドレスにメッセージを送るように保証する
場合には、この方法は、特定ネットワークにおけるユー
ザ、またはコンピュータがペイメントオーダを許可する
ようになる。ネットワーク送付が信用されると、この方
法をペイメントオーダにおける送付人コンピュータのネ
ットワークアドレスを認証するのに用いることができ
る。あるいは、電子メールがユーザシステムとペイメン
トシステム間での確認メッセージを送るのに用いること
ができる。 【0069】認証手段の第5の方法において、段階80
において、認証手段は、特定のデバイスである予測不可
能なトランザクション識別子のシーケンスを作りだす外
部デバイスによって作り出される。認証手段はユーザに
よって、そのディスプレーを読み取ることによってクラ
イエントコンピュータに入力される。このようなデバイ
スの一つが米国特許第4,856,062号に記載され
ている。この方法によれば、段階91において、認証手
段は、データベース76内に保持されているデバイスの
特定の送付人の固定コードを用いてチェックできる。こ
の段階のシーケンスは、また段階93、94で図15に
も示されている。 【0070】認証手段の第6の方法において、段階80
において認証手段は、一回の承認ストリングの物理的リ
ストからの次のストリングであるトランザクション識別
子に対してユーザに質問することによって得られる。こ
のようなリストはカード上に作られ、ユーザは使用され
る承認ストリングを抹消できる。この方法によれば、段
階91において、認証手段がデータベス76を用いて、
送付人からの次のストリングに対してチェックされる。
データベース76は各送付人毎にランダムな認証ストリ
ングのリストを保持したり、これまでどれだけのストリ
ングが用いられたかということに加えて認証手段のスト
リングのリストを作り出すのに用いられた送付人特定の
シークレット鍵を保持できる。 【0071】認証手段の第7の方法において、段階80
では、認証手段がユーザのパーソナル識別番号(PI
N)を先に得る。この方法において、91において、デ
ータベース76を用いて認証手段が、送付人のPINに
対してチェックされる。 【0072】当業者には公知のように、認証手段を作り
出すいかなる方法も共に用いられてシステムの安全性を
高める。例えば、第6の認証方法では、トランザクショ
ン識別子に基づいた認証手段を作りだし、トランザクシ
ョン識別子を含むペイメントオーダが第1の認証方法を
用いてさらに認証手段に与えられる。この例において、
認証手段は、各方法でチェックされる。 【0073】ペイメントオーダのダイジェストはMD5
のようなアルゴリズムで作らることができる(R.リヴ
ェスト、MD5メッセージダイジェストアルゴリズム、
コンピュータサイエンスのMIT研究所、ネットワーク
ワーキンググループリクエストコメント1321)。あ
るいはダイジェストは完全なペイメントオーダまたはペ
イメントオーダの成分の別の要因とできる。 【0074】さらに、販売とペイメントシステムの双方
こおいて、1983年6月発行のコンピューティングサ
ーヴェー第15、2の“高レベルネットワークプロトコ
ルにおけるセーフティ機構”においてヴォイドック及び
ケントによって記載されているように、別の認証技術を
用いることができる。当業者には明らかなように2方向
に認証されるバイトストリーム、即ちリプレーに対して
保護するリモートプロシジャコールのインターフェイス
接続をメッセージベースの認証手段に置き換えることが
できる。 【0075】加法、減法、削除及び上述の実施例の他の
変形例は請求の範囲内にあることが当業者には公知であ
る。
テムのブロック図である。 【図2】販売者コンピュータからの大要ぺ一ジの販売者
コンピュータディスプレーのスクリーンスナップ図であ
る。 【図3】販売者コンピュータからのディジタル式広告の
ぺ一ジの購入者コンピュータのディスプレーのスクリー
ンスナップ図である。 【図4】口座質問ぺ一ジの購入者コンピュータのディス
プレーのスクリーンスナップ図である。 【図5】注文処理ぺ一ジの購入者コンピュータのディス
プレーのスクリーンスナップ図である。 【図6】購入者コンピュータと販売者コンピュータの販
売処理を表すフローチャートである。 【図7】空欄のペイメント情報を得るためのペイメント
オーダ手段の別の処理を表すフローチャートである。 【図8】ユーザによって質問入力を含む販売者コンピュ
ータからの大要ぺ一ジの購入者コンピュータのスクリー
ンスナップ図である。 【図9】ユーザの質問に応答したディジタル式広告の購
入者コンピュータのディスプレーのスクリーンスナップ
図である。 【図10】取引確認の購入者コンピュータスクリーンの
スクリーンスナップ図である。 【図11】図5のような注文処理ぺ一ジの購入者ディス
プレーのスクリーンスナップ図である。 【図12】ペイメントオーダが予め承認された場合の購
入者コンピュータと販売者コンピュータとの間の販売の
別の処理を表すフローチャートである。 【図13】本発明に関する一般的なネットワークペイメ
ントシステムのブロック線図である。 【図14】ペイメントオーダの認証、承認及び決済を表
すフローチャートである。 【図15】トランザクションの識別子が用いられる場合
のペイメントオーダの認証と確認の別の処理を表すフロ
ーチャートである。 【図16】金融承認ネットワークからのリアルタイムの
許可が得られない場合のペイメントオーダの承認の別の
処理を表すフトチャートである。 【符号の説明】 61 購入者コンピュータ 62 購入者コンピュータ 63 販売者コンピュータ 64 販売者コンピュータ 65 ディジタル広告データベース 66 ディジタル広告データベース 67 ネットワーク 68 ペイメントコンピュータ
【手続補正書】 【提出日】平成14年10月4日(2002.10.
4) 【手続補正1】 【補正対象書類名】明細書 【補正対象項目名】特許請求の範囲 【補正方法】変更 【補正内容】 【特許請求の範囲】 【請求項1】 送付人から受取人に実貨幣価値を持つ資
金を移転し、外部の金融承認ネットワークによって支払
トランザクションのリアルタイムでの承認を行うネット
ワークペイメントシステムであって、 複数のクライエントコンピュータと、 少なくとも一つの支払コンピュータと、を含み、 前記クライエントコンピュータと支払コンピュータと
は、公衆パケット交換通信ネットワークによって相互接
続されており、 前記クライエントコンピュータの各コンピュータは、送
付人から受取人に移転されるべき支払金額を特定するペ
イメントリクエストを構成し、前記ペイメントリクエス
トを前記支払コンピュータに送信するようにプログラム
されており、 前記支払コンピュータは、前記送付人が実貨幣価値を持
つ適当な資金またはクレジットを有していることを確認
するために、メッセージを前記ネットワークペイメント
システムの外部の前記金融承認ネットワークに送信し、
前記メッセージに応答して前記金融承認ネットワークか
らの承認を受取り、前記ペイメントリクエストと承認を
決済データベース内に記録し、前記送付人に有効である
実貨幣価値の十分なクレジットまたは資金を有する外部
クレジットカード口座または外部預金口座に基づいて、
前記金融承認ネットワークによって前記ペイメントリク
エストがリアルタイムで承認された状態で、かつ前記資
金の移転に関して前記公衆パケット交換通信ネットワー
クで送信された少なくとも一つのメッセージが、前記公
衆パケット交換通信ネットワークで先に送信されたメッ
セージのリプレーではない状態で、実貨幣価値を持つ資
金を前記送付人から前記受取人に移転するようにプログ
ラムされており、 前記支払コンピュータは、前記ペイメントリクエストの
リプレーチェックを実施し、同一のペイメントリクエス
トが先に前記支払コンピュータに送信されたかどうかを
判定するようにプログラムされている、ことを特徴とす
るネットワークペイメントシステム。 【請求項2】 前記ペイメントリクエストは少なくとも
部分的に送り先アドレスを有しており、前記支払コンピ
ュータは、前記送付人に対して許可された送り先アドレ
スのデータベースに対して前記送り先アドレスをチェッ
クするようにプログラムされていることを特徴とする請
求項1に記載のネットワークペイメントシステム。 【請求項3】 前記支払コンピュータは、前記送付人に
対して少なくとも部分的に許可された送り先アドレスを
決定し、前記承認メッセージは前記少なくとも部分的に
許可された送り先アドレスを含むことを特徴とする請求
項1に記載のネットワークペイメントシステム。 【請求項4】 前記承認メッセージは認証手段を備えて
いることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のネットワークペ
イメントシステム。 【請求項5】 前記クライエントコンピュータは、前記
支払コンピュータに対して前記送付人を証明する認証手
段を前記支払コンピュータに送信するようにプログラム
されており、前記支払コンピュータは、前記認証手段を
検証して前記送付人を確認するようにプログラムされて
いることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のネットワークペ
イメントシステム。 【請求項6】 前記クライエントコンピュータは、前記
送付人に対して次に用いられるトランザクション識別子
を生成し、これを用いて前記認証手段を生成するように
プログラムされており、前記支払コンピュータは、前記
送付人に対する前記次のトランザクション識別子を生成
し、前記認証手段が前記次のトランザクション識別子を
用いて生成されたものであることを確認するようにプロ
グラムされていることを特徴とする請求項5に記載のネ
ットワークペイメントシステム。 【請求項7】 前記クライエントコンピュータは、外部
デバイスを用いて前記認証手段を生成するようにプログ
ラムされており、前記支払コンピュータは、前記認証手
段が前記外部デバイスを用いて生成されたものであるこ
とを確認するようにプログラムされていることを特徴と
する請求項5に記載のネットワークペイメントシステ
ム。 【請求項8】 前記ペイメントリクエストは、前記クラ
イエントコンピュータのネットワークアドレスを含んで
おり、前記支払コンピュータは、前記ペイメントリクエ
ストが前記ネットワークアドレスで構成されたものであ
ることを確認するようにプログラムされていることを特
徴とする請求項5に記載のネットワークペイメントシス
テム。 【請求項9】 前記ペイメントリクエストは、前記クラ
イエントコンピュータのネットワークアドレスを含んで
おり、前記支払コンピュータは、前記ネットワークアド
レスを前記送付人の許可されたクライエントアドレスの
データベースと対比するようにプログラムされているこ
とを特徴とする請求項4に記載のネットワークペイメン
トシステム。 【請求項10】 前記支払コンピュータは、リアルタイ
ムの承認が必要であるかどうかを判定し、前記支払コン
ピュータがリアルタイムの承認が必要であると判定した
場合のみ、前記メッセージを前記金融承認ネットワーク
に送信して、前記送付人が適当な資金またはクレジット
を有することを確認するようにプログラムされているこ
とを特徴とする請求項1に記載のネットワークペイメン
トシステム。 【請求項11】 前記預金口座は、デビットカード口座
を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のネットワー
クペイメントシステム。
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 【請求項1】 複数の購入者コンピュータと、複数の販
売者コンピュータとからなり、前記複数の購入者コンピ
ュータと前記複数の販売者コンピュータは、公衆パケッ
ト交換通信ネットワークによって相互接続された、取引
トランザクションのリアルタイムでの承認を行うオープ
ンネットワーク販売システムにおいて、 ペイメントシステムの支払いコンピュータが前記公衆パ
ケット交換通信ネットワークに接続されて前記販売コン
ピュータの各々と通信可能であり、 前記ペイメントシステムの前記支払いコンピュータは、
前記公衆パケット交換通信ネットワークの外部にある金
融承認ネットワークに接続されており、 前記各購入者コンピュータは、ユーザリクエストに応答
して購入メッセージを前記公衆パケット交換通信ネット
ワーク上で前記販売者コンピュータの少なくとも一つに
送信し、実質貨幣価値を有する商品の取引の承認を開始
して決済データベースにおいてペイメントリクエストメ
ッセージを含む情報と承認の記録を開始するために、支
払い金額を含むペイメントリクエストメッセージを前記
公衆パケット交換通信ネットワーク上で前記ペイメント
システムの前記支払いコンピュータに送信させるように
プログラムされており、 前記販売者コンピュータの少なくとも一つは、前記購入
メッセージを受取って、前記支払いを行う主体に有効な
実質貨幣価値の十分なクレジットまたは資金を有する外
部クレジットカードまたは外部金融預金口座に基づい
て、前記公衆パケット交換通信ネットワークの外部の前
記金融承認ネットワークによって、前記取引トランザク
ションがリアルタイムで承認された前記金融承認ネット
ワークからの承認メッセージで証明された状態で、かつ
前記商品の取引に関して前記公衆パケット交換通信ネッ
トワークで既に送信された少なくとも一つのメッセージ
が前記公衆パケット交換通信ネットワークで既に送信さ
れたメッセージのリプレーではないことを条件に、前記
商品を前記ユーザに送付させるようにプログラムされて
おり、 前記ペイメントリクエストメッセージと前記支払応答メ
ッセージの少なくとも一つが、少なくとも一つのディジ
タル署名を含んだコンポーネントを含み、該ディジタル
署名の少なくとも一つが前記メッセージの発信元として
ソースの身元を証明し、該ディジタル署名の少なくとも
一つが該メッセージをリプレーアタックから保護し、該
ディジタル署名の少なくとも一つがソースが特定される
秘密キーに基づいて計算されることを特徴とするネット
ワークメッセージ販売システム。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US16851993A | 1993-12-16 | 1993-12-16 | |
US08/168,519 | 1993-12-16 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP51690695A Division JP3367675B2 (ja) | 1993-12-16 | 1994-12-13 | オープンネットワーク販売システム及び取引トランザクションのリアルタイムでの承認を行う方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2003157402A true JP2003157402A (ja) | 2003-05-30 |
Family
ID=22611825
Family Applications (5)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP51690695A Expired - Fee Related JP3367675B2 (ja) | 1993-12-16 | 1994-12-13 | オープンネットワーク販売システム及び取引トランザクションのリアルタイムでの承認を行う方法 |
JP15656598A Expired - Lifetime JP3190882B2 (ja) | 1993-12-16 | 1998-04-28 | オープンネットワーク販売システム及び方法 |
JP15656398A Expired - Fee Related JP3260693B2 (ja) | 1993-12-16 | 1998-04-28 | オープンネットワーク支払いシステム及び方法 |
JP15656498A Expired - Lifetime JP3190881B2 (ja) | 1993-12-16 | 1998-04-28 | オープンネットワークによる支払いシステム及び方法 |
JP2002267886A Pending JP2003157402A (ja) | 1993-12-16 | 2002-09-13 | オープンネットワーク販売システム及び取引トランザクションのリアルタイムでの承認を行う方法 |
Family Applications Before (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP51690695A Expired - Fee Related JP3367675B2 (ja) | 1993-12-16 | 1994-12-13 | オープンネットワーク販売システム及び取引トランザクションのリアルタイムでの承認を行う方法 |
JP15656598A Expired - Lifetime JP3190882B2 (ja) | 1993-12-16 | 1998-04-28 | オープンネットワーク販売システム及び方法 |
JP15656398A Expired - Fee Related JP3260693B2 (ja) | 1993-12-16 | 1998-04-28 | オープンネットワーク支払いシステム及び方法 |
JP15656498A Expired - Lifetime JP3190881B2 (ja) | 1993-12-16 | 1998-04-28 | オープンネットワークによる支払いシステム及び方法 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (6) | US5724424A (ja) |
EP (2) | EP0734556B1 (ja) |
JP (5) | JP3367675B2 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69431306T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1995016971A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69431306T2 (de) | 2003-05-15 |
DE69431306D1 (de) | 2002-10-10 |
JP3190882B2 (ja) | 2001-07-23 |
EP1235177A3 (en) | 2003-10-08 |
JP3190881B2 (ja) | 2001-07-23 |
WO1995016971A1 (en) | 1995-06-22 |
JP3367675B2 (ja) | 2003-01-14 |
US5724424A (en) | 1998-03-03 |
EP1235177A2 (en) | 2002-08-28 |
US6199051B1 (en) | 2001-03-06 |
US6049785A (en) | 2000-04-11 |
JPH10312434A (ja) | 1998-11-24 |
EP0734556B1 (en) | 2002-09-04 |
US20100057561A1 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
JPH1196243A (ja) | 1999-04-09 |
US6195649B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 |
EP0734556A1 (en) | 1996-10-02 |
JPH10312433A (ja) | 1998-11-24 |
JPH09500470A (ja) | 1997-01-14 |
EP0734556A4 (en) | 1998-07-01 |
US6205437B1 (en) | 2001-03-20 |
JP3260693B2 (ja) | 2002-02-25 |
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