ZA200302949B - Gas diffusion electrode. - Google Patents
Gas diffusion electrode. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ZA200302949B ZA200302949B ZA200302949A ZA200302949A ZA200302949B ZA 200302949 B ZA200302949 B ZA 200302949B ZA 200302949 A ZA200302949 A ZA 200302949A ZA 200302949 A ZA200302949 A ZA 200302949A ZA 200302949 B ZA200302949 B ZA 200302949B
- Authority
- ZA
- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- gas diffusion
- layer
- diffusion electrode
- electrode
- silver
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 21
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 21
- -1 silver-plated nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004812 Fluorinated ethylene propylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229920009441 perflouroethylene propylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- IXSUHTFXKKBBJP-UHFFFAOYSA-L azanide;platinum(2+);dinitrite Chemical class [NH2-].[NH2-].[Pt+2].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O IXSUHTFXKKBBJP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003010 ionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8807—Gas diffusion layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
- C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous
- C25B11/031—Porous electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00850191 | 2000-11-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ZA200302949B true ZA200302949B (en) | 2004-04-15 |
Family
ID=8175688
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ZA200302949A ZA200302949B (en) | 2000-11-13 | 2003-04-15 | Gas diffusion electrode. |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1337690B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4190026B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100551329B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1247820C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE504673T1 (zh) |
AU (2) | AU2002212901B2 (zh) |
BG (1) | BG66226B1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0115209B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2428043C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE60144386D1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2002038833A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA200302949B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100423341C (zh) * | 2003-03-03 | 2008-10-01 | 百拉得动力系统公司 | 环境压力下采用部分空气加湿的燃料电池系统的操作方法 |
JP5031336B2 (ja) * | 2006-11-21 | 2012-09-19 | ペルメレック電極株式会社 | 食塩電解用酸素ガス拡散陰極 |
JP2009007647A (ja) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-15 | Hitachi Ltd | 有機ハイドライド製造装置、及び、それを用いた分散電源と自動車 |
DE102010030203A1 (de) * | 2010-06-17 | 2011-12-22 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Gasdiffusionselektrode und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
DE102010031571A1 (de) * | 2010-07-20 | 2012-01-26 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Sauerstoffverzehrelektrode |
DE102010054159A1 (de) * | 2010-12-10 | 2012-06-14 | Bayer Materialscience Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Einbau von Sauerstoffverzehrelektroden in elektrochemischen Zellen und elektrochemische Ze lle |
JP6049633B2 (ja) | 2010-12-29 | 2016-12-21 | パルマスカンド アクチボラグ | ガス拡散電極 |
DE102011008163A1 (de) * | 2011-01-10 | 2012-07-12 | Bayer Material Science Ag | Beschichtung für metallische Zellelement-Werkstoffe einer Elektrolysezelle |
CA2876242A1 (en) * | 2012-06-12 | 2013-12-19 | Monash University | Gas permeable electrode and method of manufacture |
WO2013185163A1 (en) | 2012-06-12 | 2013-12-19 | Monash University | Breathable electrode and method for use iν water splitting |
EP3014686A4 (en) * | 2013-06-29 | 2016-12-21 | Saint-Gobain Ceram And Plastics Inc | SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL COMPRISING A DENSE BARRIER LAYER |
CA2919372A1 (en) | 2013-07-31 | 2015-02-05 | Aquahydrex Pty Ltd | Electro-synthetic or electro-energy cell with gas diffusion electrode(s) |
CN107317068B (zh) * | 2017-06-03 | 2020-07-10 | 上海博暄能源科技有限公司 | 一种可充放电的金属空气电池阳极基体 |
US20220145479A1 (en) | 2019-02-01 | 2022-05-12 | Aquahydrex, Inc. | Electrochemical system with confined electrolyte |
CN113387427A (zh) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-09-14 | 北京航空航天大学 | 隔膜阴极及微生物电解池 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL235848A (zh) * | 1959-02-06 | |||
US5203978A (en) * | 1991-11-14 | 1993-04-20 | The Dow Chemical Company | Membrane-electrode structure for electrochemical cells |
US5300206A (en) * | 1992-08-03 | 1994-04-05 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Antipercolation gas-diffusion electrode and method of making same |
DE4312126A1 (de) * | 1993-04-14 | 1994-10-20 | Mannesmann Ag | Gasdiffusionselektrode für elektrochemische Zellen |
-
2001
- 2001-10-31 DE DE60144386T patent/DE60144386D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-10-31 AU AU2002212901A patent/AU2002212901B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-10-31 AT AT01981246T patent/ATE504673T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-10-31 CA CA002428043A patent/CA2428043C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-10-31 AU AU1290102A patent/AU1290102A/xx active Pending
- 2001-10-31 JP JP2002541144A patent/JP4190026B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-10-31 KR KR1020037005981A patent/KR100551329B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-10-31 EP EP01981246A patent/EP1337690B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-10-31 WO PCT/SE2001/002397 patent/WO2002038833A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-10-31 BR BRPI0115209-2A patent/BR0115209B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-10-31 CN CNB018188249A patent/CN1247820C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-04-15 ZA ZA200302949A patent/ZA200302949B/en unknown
- 2003-05-09 BG BG107794A patent/BG66226B1/bg unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE504673T1 (de) | 2011-04-15 |
CN1247820C (zh) | 2006-03-29 |
AU1290102A (en) | 2002-05-21 |
EP1337690A1 (en) | 2003-08-27 |
JP4190026B2 (ja) | 2008-12-03 |
KR100551329B1 (ko) | 2006-02-09 |
BR0115209B1 (pt) | 2013-01-22 |
JP2004513241A (ja) | 2004-04-30 |
DE60144386D1 (de) | 2011-05-19 |
CA2428043A1 (en) | 2002-05-16 |
BG66226B1 (bg) | 2012-06-29 |
CN1474883A (zh) | 2004-02-11 |
WO2002038833A1 (en) | 2002-05-16 |
KR20030045844A (ko) | 2003-06-11 |
BG107794A (bg) | 2004-08-31 |
CA2428043C (en) | 2008-09-16 |
EP1337690B1 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
AU2002212901B2 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
BR0115209A (pt) | 2003-10-07 |
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