JP6049633B2 - ガス拡散電極 - Google Patents
ガス拡散電極 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6049633B2 JP6049633B2 JP2013546683A JP2013546683A JP6049633B2 JP 6049633 B2 JP6049633 B2 JP 6049633B2 JP 2013546683 A JP2013546683 A JP 2013546683A JP 2013546683 A JP2013546683 A JP 2013546683A JP 6049633 B2 JP6049633 B2 JP 6049633B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- electrode
- diffusion layer
- gas diffusion
- diffusion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
- H01M4/8621—Porous electrodes containing only metallic or ceramic material, e.g. made by sintering or sputtering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
- C25B11/095—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds at least one of the compounds being organic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
- C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous
- C25B11/031—Porous electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/055—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material
- C25B11/069—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material consisting of at least one single element and at least one compound; consisting of two or more compounds
- C25B11/071—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material consisting of at least one single element and at least one compound; consisting of two or more compounds comprising metal or alloy powder and non-metallic binders
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
- C25B11/081—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound the element being a noble metal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8657—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites layered
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8663—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for catalytic active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8807—Gas diffusion layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
- H01M4/8882—Heat treatment, e.g. drying, baking
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
- H01M4/8882—Heat treatment, e.g. drying, baking
- H01M4/8885—Sintering or firing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8663—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for catalytic active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/8668—Binders
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Description
2NaCl+2H2O → Cl2+2NaOH+H2
2NaCl+H2O+1/2O2 → Cl2+2NaOH
で表され得る。理論槽電圧は、0.96V、すなわち水素発生用電極を有する槽の槽電圧の約40%だけである。陰極酸素還元 1/2O2+H2O+2e− → 2OH−は、+0.401Vの平衡電位を有し、1.23Vの水素発生用電極に対して全体の理論的差異を生じさせる。したがって、ガス拡散電極は、電解槽の運転のためのエネルギー・コストをかなり低減する。しかし、拡散の制御は、問題を伴う場合がある。
1)随意により、ネットまたはメッシュの上に粉末ペーストを適切に塗布することによって、基板を用意し、その後、その粉末ペーストが約150〜約500℃、たとえば約200〜約275℃の温度でネットに焼結されるステップと、
2)反応層、およびその反対側にガス拡散層を形成するように、電極基板の片側に電気触媒粉末ペーストおよび/または溶液を塗布し、あるいは基板のないところで反応層または拡散層のどちらかに電気触媒粉末ペーストおよび/または溶液を直接塗布し、電気触媒粉末ペーストおよび/または溶液、ならびに随意によるバインダー溶液が、約70〜150℃の温度で適切に焼成されるステップと、
3)随意によりバリア層を反応層に付着するステップと、
4)随意により親水性層をバリア層に配置するステップとである。
陽極液:200g/L NaCl、pH=2.0
陰極液:350g/L NaOH
温度:85℃
電流密度:4kA/m2、および6kA/m2
槽電圧:
電極番号20 1.98V(4kA/m2)、2.22V(6kA/m2)
電極番号21 1.99V(4kA/m2)、2.22V(6kA/m2)
Claims (14)
- 互いに付着された多孔性拡散層と多孔性反応層とを備えるガス拡散電極を調製する方法であって、
前記拡散層は、
i)a)犠牲材料、b)フッ素重合体、およびc)金属系材料を混合するステップであって、前記犠牲材料が275℃より低い放出温度を有し、混合された成分a)〜c)の総重量に基づく1〜25重量%までの量で加えられる、混合するステップと、
ii)ステップi)の前記混合物から拡散層を形成するステップと、
iii)前記拡散層から前記犠牲材料の少なくとも一部を放出するように275℃よりも低い温度に前記形成拡散層を加熱するステップであって、前記犠牲材料の放出後、前記拡散層の多孔率が60〜95%となるようにする、加熱するステップと
によって調製される、方法。 - 前記拡散層および前記反応層は、相互に押圧されている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ガス拡散電極が、基板を備える、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- ステップiii)において、前記拡散層が、少なくとも100℃の温度に加熱される、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ステップiii)において、前記拡散層が、少なくとも150℃の温度に加熱される、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 互いに付着された多孔性拡散層と多孔性反応層とを備えるガス拡散電極であって、前記拡散層が60〜95%の範囲にある多孔率を有し、ポリマー対金属の重量比が5:100〜40:100の範囲にある、ガス拡散電極。
- 前記拡散層の多孔率が、65〜85%の範囲にある、請求項6に記載のガス拡散電極。
- 前記電極が基板をさらに備える、請求項6または7に記載のガス拡散電極。
- 前記拡散層が、10〜400μmの範囲にある直径を有する細孔を有する、請求項6から8のいずれか一項に記載のガス拡散電極。
- 前記電極が親水性層を備える、請求項6から9のいずれか一項に記載のガス拡散電極。
- 前記電極に集電体が配置される、請求項6から10のいずれか一項に記載のガス拡散電極。
- 槽を陽極区画および陰極区画に分割するセパレータを備える電解槽であって、請求項6から11のいずれか一項に記載の電極が前記陰極区画に配置される、電解槽。
- 請求項6から11のいずれか一項に記載のガス拡散電極を備える、燃料電池。
- 請求項6から11のいずれか一項に記載のガス拡散電極を備える、金属−空気電池。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201061427868P | 2010-12-29 | 2010-12-29 | |
EP10197276.8 | 2010-12-29 | ||
US61/427,868 | 2010-12-29 | ||
EP10197276 | 2010-12-29 | ||
PCT/EP2011/073937 WO2012089658A1 (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2011-12-23 | Gas diffusion electrode |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2014502673A JP2014502673A (ja) | 2014-02-03 |
JP2014502673A5 JP2014502673A5 (ja) | 2015-02-19 |
JP6049633B2 true JP6049633B2 (ja) | 2016-12-21 |
Family
ID=43902706
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2013546683A Expired - Fee Related JP6049633B2 (ja) | 2010-12-29 | 2011-12-23 | ガス拡散電極 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9023549B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2659536B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6049633B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103299463B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2012089658A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011080936A1 (de) * | 2011-08-15 | 2013-02-21 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Elektrode und Energiespeicher umfassend eine Elektrode |
JP6578611B2 (ja) | 2013-11-25 | 2019-09-25 | 独立行政法人国立高等専門学校機構 | 空気電池用正極及びこの正極を用いた空気電池 |
DE102014204372A1 (de) * | 2014-03-11 | 2015-09-17 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von katalytisch aktiven Pulvern aus metallischem Silber oder aus Mischungen aus von metallischem Silber mit Silberoxid zur Herstellung von Gasdiffusionselektroden |
KR102231210B1 (ko) * | 2014-04-08 | 2021-03-22 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 공기 전지용 양극, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 공기 전지 |
US9831503B2 (en) | 2014-12-03 | 2017-11-28 | Coulombic, Inc. | Electrodes and electrochemical devices and methods of making electrodes and electrochemical devices |
DE102015215309A1 (de) * | 2015-08-11 | 2017-02-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Präparationstechnik von kohlenwasserstoffselektiven Gasdiffusionselektroden basierend auf Cu-haltigen-Katalysatoren |
CN105655601A (zh) * | 2016-03-28 | 2016-06-08 | 北方民族大学 | 直接硼氢化物燃料电池阳极催化剂的制备方法及应用 |
AU2017298994B2 (en) | 2016-07-22 | 2019-09-12 | Nantenergy, Inc. | Moisture and carbon dioxide management system in electrochemical cells |
DE102016224466A1 (de) | 2016-12-08 | 2018-06-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Elektrolysezelle oder Elektrodenplatte mit einer Gasdiffusionselektrode und Verfahren zu deren Betrieb |
US11394035B2 (en) | 2017-04-06 | 2022-07-19 | Form Energy, Inc. | Refuelable battery for the electric grid and method of using thereof |
US11611115B2 (en) | 2017-12-29 | 2023-03-21 | Form Energy, Inc. | Long life sealed alkaline secondary batteries |
EP3815167A4 (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2022-03-16 | Form Energy, Inc. | ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL BASED ON AQUEOUS POLYSULFIDE |
US11552290B2 (en) | 2018-07-27 | 2023-01-10 | Form Energy, Inc. | Negative electrodes for electrochemical cells |
US11949129B2 (en) | 2019-10-04 | 2024-04-02 | Form Energy, Inc. | Refuelable battery for the electric grid and method of using thereof |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS609595B2 (ja) * | 1978-08-18 | 1985-03-11 | 旭硝子株式会社 | ガス拡散電極の製造法 |
US4370284A (en) * | 1980-10-31 | 1983-01-25 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Non-bleeding electrode |
JPS5943888A (ja) * | 1982-09-03 | 1984-03-12 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | ガス拡散電極用材料 |
US4578159A (en) | 1985-04-25 | 1986-03-25 | Olin Corporation | Electrolysis of alkali metal chloride brine in catholyteless membrane cells employing an oxygen consuming cathode |
JPS62232861A (ja) * | 1986-04-01 | 1987-10-13 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | ガス拡散電極とその製造方法 |
DE69012091T2 (de) * | 1990-02-20 | 1994-12-22 | Atraverda Ltd | Elektrochemische Zelle und Verfahren. |
US5565073A (en) | 1994-07-15 | 1996-10-15 | Fraser; Mark E. | Electrochemical peroxide generator |
AU2002212901B2 (en) * | 2000-11-13 | 2004-12-02 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Gas diffusion electrode |
JP2003109606A (ja) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-11 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 高分子電解質型燃料電池とその製造方法 |
JP4290454B2 (ja) | 2003-03-28 | 2009-07-08 | 三井化学株式会社 | ガス拡散電極の製造方法、電解槽及び電解方法 |
CN101326675B (zh) * | 2005-12-06 | 2012-06-06 | 雷沃尔特科技有限公司 | 双功能空气电极 |
CA2629253A1 (en) | 2005-12-06 | 2007-06-14 | Revolt Technology Ltd | Bifunctional air electrode |
CN101106198A (zh) | 2006-07-14 | 2008-01-16 | 上海清能燃料电池技术有限公司 | 一种燃料电池的扩散层结构 |
JP5031336B2 (ja) | 2006-11-21 | 2012-09-19 | ペルメレック電極株式会社 | 食塩電解用酸素ガス拡散陰極 |
KR101000429B1 (ko) * | 2008-11-25 | 2010-12-13 | 기아자동차주식회사 | 운전 안정성이 우수한 연료전지 자동차용 기체확산층 |
-
2011
- 2011-12-23 EP EP11802746.5A patent/EP2659536B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2011-12-23 WO PCT/EP2011/073937 patent/WO2012089658A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-12-23 JP JP2013546683A patent/JP6049633B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-12-23 CN CN201180059733.7A patent/CN103299463B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-12-23 US US13/997,737 patent/US9023549B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2012089658A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
CN103299463B (zh) | 2016-09-28 |
CN103299463A (zh) | 2013-09-11 |
EP2659536B1 (en) | 2018-08-15 |
EP2659536A1 (en) | 2013-11-06 |
US9023549B2 (en) | 2015-05-05 |
US20130280625A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
JP2014502673A (ja) | 2014-02-03 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6049633B2 (ja) | ガス拡散電極 | |
CN107923052B (zh) | 基于含铜的催化剂的烃选择性气体扩散电极的制备技术 | |
KR101081468B1 (ko) | 염화나트륨 전해용 산소 가스 확산 음극 | |
RU2361327C2 (ru) | Структура для газодиффузионных материалов и способ их получения | |
JP6324392B2 (ja) | アルカリ溶液の電解セル | |
JP6483111B2 (ja) | アルカリ溶液の電解セル | |
TW593772B (en) | New rhodium electrocatalyst and method of preparation | |
CN102286757B (zh) | 耗氧电极及其制备方法 | |
JP5178959B2 (ja) | 酸素ガス拡散陰極、これを用いた電解槽、塩素ガスの製造方法、及び水酸化ナトリウムの製造方法 | |
CA2677837C (en) | Method for the electrochemical deposition of catalyst particles onto carbon fibre-containing substrates and apparatus therefor | |
GB2028371A (en) | Electrolysis of aqueous alkali metal halides in a cell having catalytic electrodes bondes to the surface of a porous hydraulically permeable membrane/ separator | |
KR20120010158A (ko) | 산소-소모 전극 | |
RU2414772C2 (ru) | Структуры для газодиффузионных электродов | |
Koj et al. | Novel alkaline water electrolysis with nickel-iron gas diffusion electrode for oxygen evolution | |
JPS6059996B2 (ja) | 塩化アルカリの電解方法 | |
JP4190026B2 (ja) | ガス拡散電極 | |
JP5932791B2 (ja) | 酸素消費電極およびその製造方法 | |
US4749452A (en) | Multi-layer electrode membrane-assembly and electrolysis process using same | |
US20210207277A1 (en) | Gas diffusion electrode for carbon dioxide treatment, method for production thereof, and electrolysis cell having a gas diffusion electrode | |
US9118082B2 (en) | Oxygen-consuming electrode and process for the production thereof | |
US9163318B2 (en) | Oxygen-consuming electrode and process for production thereof | |
KR20240035414A (ko) | 산소 발생 반응 촉매 | |
EP0275466A1 (en) | A composite membrane/electrode structure having islands of catalytically active particles | |
Papazisi et al. | High Temperature Co-Electrolysis of CO2 and Water on Doped Lanthanum Chromites | |
US4871703A (en) | Process for preparation of an electrocatalyst |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20141219 |
|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20141219 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20160126 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20160209 |
|
A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20160506 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20160816 |
|
A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20160929 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20161025 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20161122 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6049633 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |