ZA200205289B - Method for producing coated metal surfaces and the use of said metal surfaces. - Google Patents
Method for producing coated metal surfaces and the use of said metal surfaces. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ZA200205289B ZA200205289B ZA200205289A ZA200205289A ZA200205289B ZA 200205289 B ZA200205289 B ZA 200205289B ZA 200205289 A ZA200205289 A ZA 200205289A ZA 200205289 A ZA200205289 A ZA 200205289A ZA 200205289 B ZA200205289 B ZA 200205289B
- Authority
- ZA
- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- pretreatment
- lacquer
- pretreatment agent
- coating
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 oxide Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005028 tinplate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001944 Plastisol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007603 infrared drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004999 plastisol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/50—Multilayers
- B05D7/52—Two layers
- B05D7/54—No clear coat specified
- B05D7/544—No clear coat specified the first layer is let to dry at least partially before applying the second layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/10—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by other chemical means
- B05D3/102—Pretreatment of metallic substrates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19961411A DE19961411A1 (de) | 1999-12-17 | 1999-12-17 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von beschichteten Metalloberflächen und deren Verwendung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ZA200205289B true ZA200205289B (en) | 2003-07-28 |
Family
ID=7933395
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200205289A ZA200205289B (en) | 1999-12-17 | 2002-07-02 | Method for producing coated metal surfaces and the use of said metal surfaces. |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20030051772A1 (es) |
| EP (1) | EP1242193B1 (es) |
| CN (1) | CN1409657A (es) |
| AT (1) | ATE248032T1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU774014C (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2394235A1 (es) |
| DE (2) | DE19961411A1 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2203539T3 (es) |
| WO (1) | WO2001043888A2 (es) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200205289B (es) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2771927C1 (ru) * | 2021-09-28 | 2022-05-13 | Василий Юрьевич Чернецов | Плоский стальной прокат с многослойным защитным покрытием |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1320163C (zh) * | 2003-10-28 | 2007-06-06 | 尚志精密化学股份有限公司 | 电泳涂装上漆方法 |
| DE102005045034A1 (de) * | 2005-09-21 | 2007-03-29 | Rasselstein Gmbh | Verfahren zur Passivierung der Oberfläche von beschichteten Metallbändern und Vorrichtung für das Aufbringen der Passivschicht auf ein metallisch beschichtetes Stahlband |
| DE102008059014A1 (de) | 2008-05-28 | 2009-12-03 | Basf Coatings Ag | Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Metallbändern |
| JP5079037B2 (ja) * | 2010-02-26 | 2012-11-21 | 住友軽金属工業株式会社 | 電気あるいは電子機器筐体用の導電性プレコートアルミニウム合金板 |
| KR102181792B1 (ko) | 2012-08-29 | 2020-11-24 | 피피지 인더스트리즈 오하이오 인코포레이티드 | 리튬을 함유하는 지르코늄 전처리 조성물, 관련된 금속 기판 처리 방법 및 관련된 코팅된 금속 기판 |
| EP2890830B1 (en) | 2012-08-29 | 2018-06-27 | PPG Industries Ohio, Inc. | Zirconium pretreatment compositions containing molybdenum, associated methods for treating metal substrates, and related coated metal substrates |
| CN102896082B (zh) * | 2012-10-22 | 2014-11-05 | 江苏奥新新能源汽车有限公司 | 一种涂装工艺 |
| CN105457872A (zh) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-04-06 | 芜湖市金宇石化设备有限公司 | 一种车架的涂装工艺 |
| KR20190043155A (ko) | 2016-08-24 | 2019-04-25 | 피피지 인더스트리즈 오하이오 인코포레이티드 | 금속 기판을 처리하기 위한 알칼리성 조성물 |
| CN107321575B (zh) * | 2017-07-03 | 2019-06-07 | 重庆科技学院 | 点焊合金粉末辊涂器 |
| DE102018209553A1 (de) | 2018-06-14 | 2019-12-19 | Voestalpine Stahl Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung von lackbeschichteten elektrobändern und lackbeschichtetes elektroband |
| CN109107857A (zh) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-01-01 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | 一种超音速飞行器弹体表面涂装方法 |
| FR3135316B1 (fr) | 2022-05-06 | 2024-05-03 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de traitement de surface pour ameliorer la performance d’un systeme thermodynamique avec cycle a absorption |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3790355A (en) * | 1971-11-18 | 1974-02-05 | Empire Plating Co | Coated metal article and method of coating |
| US3961993A (en) * | 1971-11-18 | 1976-06-08 | The Empire Plating Company | Coated metal article and method of coating |
| US5279863A (en) * | 1989-10-10 | 1994-01-18 | David A. Lundy | Electrostatic powder coating apparatus and method |
| US5059446A (en) * | 1990-02-14 | 1991-10-22 | Armco Inc. | Method of producing plastic coated metal strip |
| US5314090A (en) * | 1992-03-23 | 1994-05-24 | Terronics Development Corporation | Material feeder |
| US5455080A (en) * | 1992-08-26 | 1995-10-03 | Armco Inc. | Metal substrate with enhanced corrosion resistance and improved paint adhesion |
| US5439704A (en) * | 1993-10-27 | 1995-08-08 | Hunter Engineering Company, Inc. | Combined coil and blank powder coating |
| DE4409306A1 (de) * | 1994-03-18 | 1995-09-21 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Modifizierung von Metalloberflächen |
| DE19633742A1 (de) * | 1996-08-22 | 1998-02-26 | Sundwiger Eisen Maschinen | Verfahren und Anlage zum Auftragen eines Beschichtungsmittels, insbesondere Lack, auf ein Band aus Metall, insbesondere Stahl, im Durchlauf |
| DE19725780A1 (de) * | 1997-06-18 | 1998-12-24 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Aufbringen von Kunststoff auf metallische Einzelteile |
| EA200000323A1 (ru) * | 1997-09-17 | 2000-10-30 | Брент Интернэшнл Плс | Способ и композиции для предотвращения коррозии металлических субстратов |
| GB2334906A (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 1999-09-08 | British Steel Plc | Laminated metal strip |
-
1999
- 1999-12-17 DE DE19961411A patent/DE19961411A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-12-14 CA CA002394235A patent/CA2394235A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-12-14 WO PCT/EP2000/012745 patent/WO2001043888A2/de active IP Right Grant
- 2000-12-14 ES ES00983330T patent/ES2203539T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-14 DE DE50003490T patent/DE50003490D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-14 CN CN00817111A patent/CN1409657A/zh active Pending
- 2000-12-14 AT AT00983330T patent/ATE248032T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-14 AU AU20104/01A patent/AU774014C/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-12-14 US US10/148,814 patent/US20030051772A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-12-14 EP EP00983330A patent/EP1242193B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-07-02 ZA ZA200205289A patent/ZA200205289B/en unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2771927C1 (ru) * | 2021-09-28 | 2022-05-13 | Василий Юрьевич Чернецов | Плоский стальной прокат с многослойным защитным покрытием |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1409657A (zh) | 2003-04-09 |
| AU774014B2 (en) | 2004-06-10 |
| AU2010401A (en) | 2001-06-25 |
| ATE248032T1 (de) | 2003-09-15 |
| DE50003490D1 (de) | 2003-10-02 |
| AU774014C (en) | 2005-04-28 |
| EP1242193A2 (de) | 2002-09-25 |
| US20030051772A1 (en) | 2003-03-20 |
| DE19961411A1 (de) | 2001-06-21 |
| WO2001043888A3 (de) | 2001-12-06 |
| ES2203539T3 (es) | 2004-04-16 |
| EP1242193B1 (de) | 2003-08-27 |
| CA2394235A1 (en) | 2001-06-21 |
| WO2001043888A2 (de) | 2001-06-21 |
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