WO2024157771A1 - 車両制御装置、車両制御方法および車両制御システム - Google Patents
車両制御装置、車両制御方法および車両制御システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024157771A1 WO2024157771A1 PCT/JP2024/000348 JP2024000348W WO2024157771A1 WO 2024157771 A1 WO2024157771 A1 WO 2024157771A1 JP 2024000348 W JP2024000348 W JP 2024000348W WO 2024157771 A1 WO2024157771 A1 WO 2024157771A1
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- vehicle
- braking force
- regenerative braking
- rear wheels
- control device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
- B60L7/16—Dynamic electric regenerative braking for vehicles comprising converters between the power source and the motor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
- B60L15/2009—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
- B60L7/12—Dynamic electric regenerative braking for vehicles propelled by DC motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/24—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general with additional mechanical or electromagnetic braking
- B60L7/26—Controlling the braking effect
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
- B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
- B60T1/10—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels by utilising wheel movement for accumulating energy, e.g. driving air compressors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
- B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
- B60T13/58—Combined or convertible systems
- B60T13/585—Combined or convertible systems comprising friction brakes and retarders
- B60T13/586—Combined or convertible systems comprising friction brakes and retarders the retarders being of the electric type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/17—Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
- B60T8/1755—Brake regulation specially adapted to control the stability of the vehicle, e.g. taking into account yaw rate or transverse acceleration in a curve
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/26—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force characterised by producing differential braking between front and rear wheels
- B60T8/262—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force characterised by producing differential braking between front and rear wheels using valves with stepped characteristics
- B60T8/265—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force characterised by producing differential braking between front and rear wheels using valves with stepped characteristics for hydraulic brake systems
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/26—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force characterised by producing differential braking between front and rear wheels
- B60T8/266—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force characterised by producing differential braking between front and rear wheels using valves or actuators with external control means
- B60T8/267—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force characterised by producing differential braking between front and rear wheels using valves or actuators with external control means for hybrid systems with different kind of brakes on different axles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
- B60W30/02—Control of vehicle driving stability
- B60W30/045—Improving turning performance
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
- B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
- B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
- B60W30/18109—Braking
- B60W30/18127—Regenerative braking
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D61/00—Brakes with means for making the energy absorbed available for use
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
- B60L2210/14—Boost converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
- B60L2240/12—Speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
- B60L2240/14—Acceleration
- B60L2240/18—Acceleration lateral
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
- B60L2240/24—Steering angle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T2201/00—Particular use of vehicle brake systems; Special systems using also the brakes; Special software modules within the brake system controller
- B60T2201/16—Curve braking control, e.g. turn control within ABS control algorithm
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T2210/00—Detection or estimation of road or environment conditions; Detection or estimation of road shapes
- B60T2210/10—Detection or estimation of road conditions
- B60T2210/12—Friction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T2270/00—Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
- B60T2270/60—Regenerative braking
- B60T2270/604—Merging friction therewith; Adjusting their repartition
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T2270/00—Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
- B60T2270/60—Regenerative braking
- B60T2270/613—ESP features related thereto
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vehicle control device, a vehicle control method, and a vehicle control system.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technology that reduces the regenerative braking force and increases the frictional braking force of the four wheels when the difference in front and rear wheel speed exceeds a threshold value during braking using only regenerative braking force while cornering.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle control device, a vehicle control method, and a vehicle control system that can improve the stability of a vehicle from the initial stage of acceleration/deceleration of a turn of the vehicle.
- the control unit when the vehicle is decelerated by the regenerative braking force of one of the vehicle's front and rear wheels, the control unit outputs a control command to reduce the regenerative braking force of the regenerative wheel when the vehicle is turned from the regenerative braking force when the vehicle is not turned, and to increase the frictional braking force by the amount of the reduced regenerative braking force of the regenerative wheel.
- vehicle stability can be improved from the initial stage of vehicle cornering acceleration/deceleration.
- 1 is a schematic diagram of an electric vehicle 1 equipped with a vehicle control system according to a first embodiment.
- 5 is a flowchart showing a flow of a braking force switching control process at the start of turning during deceleration in the vehicle control device 17 of the first embodiment.
- 5 is a flowchart showing a flow of a braking force switching control process at the start of deceleration during turning in the vehicle control device 17 of the first embodiment.
- 5 is a setting map for a first steering angle change amount threshold according to a vehicle speed in the first embodiment.
- 4 is a setting map of a replacement rate according to an estimated road surface ⁇ in the first embodiment.
- 11 is a setting map for a first brake operation change amount threshold value according to a lateral G in the first embodiment.
- 4 is a time chart of the brake operation amount, braking force, wheel speed, and yaw rate when a driver applies a brake during steady cornering in a conventional rear-wheel drive electric vehicle.
- 4 is a time chart of steering operation, braking force, wheel speed, yaw rate, and estimated road surface ⁇ , showing the operation of braking force changeover control at the start of turning during deceleration on a low ⁇ road in the vehicle control device 17 of the first embodiment.
- 4 is a time chart of steering operation, braking force, wheel speed, yaw rate, and estimated road surface ⁇ , showing the operation of braking force changeover control at the start of turning during deceleration on a high ⁇ road in the vehicle control device 17 of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a powertrain of an electric vehicle 1A equipped with a vehicle control system of a second embodiment.
- 11 is a time chart of the brake operation amount, braking force, wheel speed, and yaw rate when a driver applies a brake during steady turning in a conventional front-wheel drive electric vehicle.
- 11 is a time chart of brake operation, braking force, wheel speed, yaw rate, and estimated road surface ⁇ , showing the operation of braking force changeover control at the start of deceleration during cornering on a low ⁇ road in the vehicle control device 17 of the second embodiment.
- 11 is a time chart of brake operation, braking force, wheel speed, yaw rate, and estimated road surface ⁇ , showing the operation of braking force changeover control at the start of deceleration during cornering on a high ⁇ road in the vehicle control device 17 of the second embodiment.
- 11 is a schematic diagram of a powertrain of an electric vehicle 1B equipped with a vehicle control system of a third embodiment.
- 11 is a time chart of a brake operation, a torque command, a wheel speed, a yaw rate, and an estimated road surface ⁇ when a driver operates the brakes during steady turning in a conventional four-wheel drive electric vehicle.
- 13 is a time chart of brake operation, torque command, wheel speed, yaw rate, and estimated road surface ⁇ , showing the operation of braking force switching control at the start of deceleration during cornering on a low ⁇ road in the vehicle control device 17 of the third embodiment.
- 13 is a time chart of brake operation, torque command, wheel speed, yaw rate, and estimated road surface ⁇ , showing the operation of braking force switching control at the start of deceleration during cornering on a high ⁇ road in the vehicle control device 17 of the third embodiment.
- 13 is a flowchart showing a flow of a driving force switching control process at the start of turning during acceleration in the vehicle control device 17 of the fourth embodiment.
- 13 is a flowchart showing a flow of braking force switching control processing at the start of acceleration during cornering in the vehicle control device 17 of the fourth embodiment.
- 13 is a setting map of a replacement rate according to an estimated road surface ⁇ in the fourth embodiment.
- 11 is a time chart of accelerator operation, driving force, wheel speed, yaw rate, and estimated road surface ⁇ when a driver operates the accelerator during steady cornering in a conventional four-wheel drive electric vehicle.
- 13 is a time chart of accelerator operation, driving force, wheel speed, yaw rate, and estimated road surface ⁇ , showing the operation of driving force switching control at the start of acceleration during cornering on a low ⁇ road in the vehicle control device 17 of embodiment 4.
- 13 is a time chart of accelerator operation, driving force, wheel speed, yaw rate, and estimated road surface ⁇ , showing the operation of braking force changeover control at the start of deceleration during cornering on a high ⁇ road in the vehicle control device 17 of embodiment 4.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electric vehicle 1 equipped with a vehicle control system according to a first embodiment.
- the electric vehicle 1 has front wheels 2FL, 2FR and rear wheels 2RL, 2RR, and friction brakes (friction braking devices) 3FL, 3FR, 3RL, 3RR (hereinafter, the friction brakes of each wheel will be collectively referred to as friction brake 3) that are provided on each wheel and generate friction braking force on the wheel.
- the electric vehicle 1 has a rear motor generator (a regenerative braking device and a drive device, hereinafter referred to as a rear motor) 7 that outputs torque (drive torque, regenerative torque) to the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR.
- the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR are drive wheels and regenerative wheels. Power is transmitted between the rear motor 7 and the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR via a reduction gear 8, a differential 10, and rear axles 6RL, 6RR.
- Each wheel 2FL, 2FR, 2RL, 2RR has a wheel speed sensor 11FR, 11FL, 11RL, 11RR that detects the wheel speed.
- the rear motor 7 has a rear wheel resolver 13 that detects the motor speed (motor rotation speed).
- the electric vehicle 1 has a G sensor 5 that detects the longitudinal acceleration (longitudinal G) and lateral acceleration (lateral G) of the vehicle.
- the friction brake 3 generates a braking force by frictional force by pressing brake pads in the direction of the rotation axis of each wheel against a brake rotor that rotates integrally with each wheel.
- the friction brake 3 in the first embodiment is described as being configured to press the brake pads by a wheel cylinder operated by brake fluid pressure, but is not particularly limited and may be configured to press the brake pads via a ball screw mechanism driven by an electric motor or the like.
- the electric vehicle 1 has a low-voltage battery 14 and a high-voltage battery 15.
- the low-voltage battery 14 is, for example, a lead-acid battery.
- the high-voltage battery 15 is, for example, a lithium-ion battery or a nickel-metal hydride battery.
- the high-voltage battery 15 is charged with power boosted by a DC-DC converter 16.
- the electric vehicle 1 has a vehicle control device (control unit) 17, a brake control device 18, a rear motor control device 20, and a battery control device 19.
- the control devices 17, 18, and 20 share information with each other via a CAN bus 21.
- the vehicle control device 17 acquires information from various sensors, such as the rear wheel resolver 13, the accelerator pedal sensor 22 that detects the amount of accelerator operation, the brake sensor 23 that detects the amount of brake operation, and the steering angle sensor 24 that detects the steering angle of the steering wheel (not shown), and performs integrated control of the vehicle.
- the vehicle control device 17 sets a target driving force according to the driver's accelerator operation, etc., and outputs a driving torque command to obtain the target driving force to the rear motor control device 20.
- the vehicle control device 17 also sets a target braking force according to the driver's brake operation, etc., and outputs a regenerative torque command to obtain the target braking force to the rear motor control device 20.
- the vehicle control device 17 If the target braking force cannot be achieved by the regenerative braking force of the rear motor 7 alone, the vehicle control device 17 outputs a friction braking torque command to the brake control device 18 to obtain the insufficient braking force, and performs regenerative cooperative control to achieve the target braking force using the regenerative braking force and the friction braking force.
- the brake control device 18 generates the necessary brake fluid pressure for each wheel based on the friction braking torque command, and outputs it to the friction brake 3 through hydraulic piping 18a.
- the battery control device 19 monitors the charge/discharge state of the high-voltage battery 15 and the single battery cells that constitute the high-voltage battery 15.
- the battery control device 19 calculates a battery required torque limit value based on the charge/discharge state of the high-voltage battery 15.
- the battery required torque limit value is the maximum torque permitted in the rear motor 7. For example, when the charge level of the high-voltage battery 15 is low, the battery required torque limit value is set to a value smaller than normal.
- the rear motor control device 20 controls the power supplied to the rear motor 7 based on a drive torque command or a regenerative torque command.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 are flowcharts showing the flow of the braking force changeover control process by the vehicle control device 17 of the first embodiment. The flowcharts shown in Figures 2 and 3 are repeatedly executed in parallel at predetermined control cycles while the vehicle is running. First, the flowchart of Figure 2 will be explained.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a flow of a braking force switching control process at the start of turning during deceleration in the vehicle control device 17 of the first embodiment.
- step S1 it is determined whether or not the brake operation amount is equal to or greater than a certain value. If the result is YES, the process proceeds to step S2, and if the result is NO, the process proceeds to step S7.
- step S2 estimation of the road friction coefficient (hereinafter also referred to as road ⁇ ) is started, and the minimum value of the estimated road ⁇ is held and updated.
- the method of calculating the estimated road ⁇ is known, and for example, a method of calculating it from the amount of slip of the detected wheels, a method of calculating it from the characteristics of the road reaction force relative to the steering angle, etc. are known.
- Step S3 determines whether the steering angle change amount, which is the differential value of the steering angle, exceeds the first steering angle change amount threshold. If YES, proceed to step S4, and if NO, proceed to return.
- Figure 4 is a setting map for the first steering angle change amount threshold according to the vehicle speed in the first embodiment. The lateral G generated with respect to the steering angle changes according to the vehicle speed. For this reason, in the map in Figure 4, the first steering angle change amount is set to be smaller as the vehicle speed increases.
- the first steering angle change amount threshold is maximum at extremely low speeds where no lateral G is generated, and is minimum at high speeds where the lateral G exceeds a predetermined value.
- step S4 the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR is reduced to zero at a predetermined reduction gradient, and a braking force replacement is performed in which the frictional braking force of the four wheels 2FL, 2FR, 2RL, 2RR is increased by the amount of the reduced regenerative braking force.
- step S5 it is determined whether the steering angle change amount falls below the second steering angle change amount threshold. If YES, the process proceeds to step S6, and if NO, step S5 is repeated.
- the second steering angle change amount threshold is set to a characteristic obtained by offsetting the characteristic of the first steering angle change amount threshold shown in FIG. 4 by a predetermined value on the plus side.
- step S6 the frictional braking force of the four wheels 2FL, 2FR, 2RL, and 2RR that has been increased is decreased at a predetermined decreasing gradient, and the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL and 2RR is increased by the amount of the decreased frictional braking force, and the distribution of the regenerative braking force and the frictional braking force relative to the total braking force of the vehicle is returned to the distribution before steering.
- the increase gradient of the regenerative braking force is made smaller in inclination (change rate) than the decrease gradient of the regenerative braking force in step S4.
- FIG. 5 is a setting map of the replacement ratio according to the estimated road surface ⁇ in the first embodiment.
- the replacement ratio is set to 100%, and when it is lower than that, the replacement ratio is set to be lower as the estimated road surface ⁇ is smaller.
- the switching rate is 0%, and in this case, no switching of braking force is performed.
- step S7 the estimation of the road surface ⁇ is terminated, and the estimated road surface ⁇ is reset to a value equivalent to a high ⁇ .
- Fig. 3 is a flow chart showing the flow of braking force switching control processing at the start of deceleration during turning in the vehicle control device 17 of the first embodiment.
- step S11 it is determined whether or not the steering angle is equal to or greater than a certain value. If YES, the process proceeds to step S2, and if NO, the process proceeds to step S17.
- step S12 similarly to step S2, estimation of road surface ⁇ is started, and the minimum value of the estimated road surface ⁇ is held and updated.
- step S13 it is determined whether the brake operation change amount, which is the differential value of the brake operation amount, exceeds the first brake operation change amount threshold. If YES, proceed to step S14, and if NO, proceed to RETURN.
- Figure 6 is a setting map for the first brake operation change amount threshold according to lateral G in embodiment 1. In the map in Figure 6, the first brake operation change amount threshold is set to be smaller as the lateral G becomes higher. The first brake operation change amount threshold is maximum in the low lateral G region where no slip occurs at the inside wheel of the turn, and is minimum in the high lateral G region where slip occurs at the inside wheel of the turn.
- step S14 similar to step S4, the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR is reduced to zero at a predetermined decreasing gradient, and a braking force replacement is performed in which the frictional braking force of the four wheels 2FL, 2FR, 2RL, 2RR is increased by the amount of the reduced regenerative braking force.
- step S15 it is determined whether the brake operation change amount falls below the second brake operation change amount threshold. If the result is YES, the process proceeds to step S16, and if the result is NO, step S15 is repeated.
- the second brake operation change amount threshold has a characteristic obtained by offsetting the characteristic of the first brake operation change amount threshold shown in FIG. 6 by a predetermined value on the plus side.
- step S16 similar to step S6, the frictional braking force of the four wheels 2FL, 2FR, 2RL, and 2RR that has been increased is decreased at a predetermined decreasing gradient, and the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL and 2RR is increased by the amount of the decreased frictional braking force, and the distribution of the regenerative braking force and the frictional braking force relative to the total braking force of the vehicle is returned to the distribution before steering.
- the increasing gradient of the regenerative braking force is made smaller in gradient (change rate) than the decreasing gradient of the regenerative braking force in step S4.
- step S17 similarly to step S7, the estimation of the road surface ⁇ is terminated, and the estimated road surface ⁇ is reset to a value equivalent to a high ⁇ .
- the vehicle is decelerated by the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR, and when the vehicle is turned, the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR is reduced, and the frictional braking force of the four wheels 2FL, 2FR, 2RL, 2RR is increased by the amount of the reduced regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR.
- This makes it possible to suppress locking of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR, improving the stability of the vehicle from the beginning of turning while braking or from the beginning of braking while turning.
- FIG. 8 is a time chart of steering operation, braking force, wheel speed, yaw rate and estimated road surface ⁇ , showing the operation of braking force replacement control at the start of turning during deceleration on a low ⁇ road in the vehicle control device 17 of the first embodiment.
- the steering angle change amount exceeds the first steering angle change amount threshold, so the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL and 2RR is reduced to zero at a predetermined decreasing gradient, and the friction braking force of the four wheels 2FL, 2FR, 2RL, and 2RR is increased at a predetermined increasing gradient by the amount of the reduced regenerative braking force.
- the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL and 2RR becomes zero, and deceleration is performed only by the friction braking force of the four wheels 2FL, 2FR, 2RL, and 2RR, so the slip of the rear wheels 2RL and 2RR converges. As a result, the occurrence of oversteer behavior can be suppressed from the early stage of turning.
- the steering angle change amount falls below the second steering angle change amount threshold, but since the vehicle is traveling on a low ⁇ road surface, the braking force is not switched from the friction braking force of the four wheels 2FL, 2FR, 2RL, and 2RR to the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL and 2RR. This makes it possible to suppress a re-decrease in the lateral force of the rear wheels 2RL and 2RR while the vehicle is traveling on a low ⁇ road surface.
- FIG. 9 is a time chart of steering operation, braking force, wheel speed, yaw rate and estimated road surface ⁇ , showing the operation of braking force replacement control at the start of turning during deceleration on a high ⁇ road in the vehicle control device 17 of the first embodiment.
- the section before time t4 is the same as in FIG. 8, and therefore the description thereof will be omitted.
- the steering angle change amount falls below the second steering angle change amount threshold and the vehicle is traveling on a high ⁇ road, so the friction braking force of the four wheels 2FL, 2FR, 2RL, and 2RR is reduced at a predetermined decreasing gradient (a gradient smaller than the gradient at the time of increase), and the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL and 2RR is increased at a predetermined increasing gradient (a gradient smaller than the gradient at the time of decrease) by the amount of the reduced friction braking force.
- a predetermined decreasing gradient a gradient smaller than the gradient at the time of increase
- the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL and 2RR is increased at a predetermined increasing gradient (a gradient smaller than the gradient at the time of decrease) by the amount of the reduced friction braking force.
- 10 is a time chart of brake operation, braking force, wheel speed, yaw rate, and estimated road surface ⁇ , showing the operation of braking force replacement control at the start of deceleration during turning on a low ⁇ road in the vehicle control device 17 of embodiment 1. It is assumed that the steering angle is constant and the vehicle is turning steadily. At time t1, the driver starts braking, so the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL and 2RR rises.
- the amount of change in the brake operation exceeds the first brake operation change amount threshold, so the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL and 2RR is reduced to zero at a predetermined decreasing gradient, and a braking force replacement is started in which the frictional braking force of the four wheels 2FL, 2FR, 2RL, and 2RR is increased at a predetermined increasing gradient by the amount of the reduced regenerative braking force.
- the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL and 2RR becomes zero, and after time t3, only the frictional braking force of the four wheels 2FL, 2FR, 2RL, and 2RR increases according to the amount of brake operation.
- FIG. 11 is a time chart of brake operation, braking force, wheel speed, yaw rate, and estimated road surface ⁇ , showing the operation of braking force replacement control at the start of deceleration during turning on a high ⁇ road in the vehicle control device 17 of embodiment 1. It is assumed that the steering angle is constant and the vehicle is turning steadily.
- the section before time t4 is the same as in FIG. 10, and therefore the description thereof will be omitted.
- the brake operation change amount falls below the second brake operation change amount threshold and the vehicle is traveling on a high ⁇ road, so the friction braking force of the four wheels 2FL, 2FR, 2RL, and 2RR is decreased at a predetermined decreasing gradient (a gradient smaller than the gradient when increasing), and the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL and 2RR is increased at a predetermined increasing gradient (a gradient smaller than the gradient when decreasing) by the amount of the decreased friction braking force, thereby suppressing the decrease in the amount of regenerative power.
- the friction braking forces of the four wheels 2FL, 2FR, 2RL, and 2RR become zero, and deceleration occurs only due to the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL and 2RR.
- the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR is reduced, and the frictional braking force of the four wheels 2FL, 2FR, 2RL, 2RR is increased by the amount of the reduced regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR.
- the steering angle is constant, the behavior of the vehicle depends on the amount of change in brake operation, and when the amount of change in brake operation is large, the behavior of the vehicle is likely to become unstable. Therefore, by switching from regenerative braking force to frictional braking force only when the amount of change in brake operation exceeds the first brake operation change amount threshold, it is possible to prevent unnecessary restrictions on the recovery of electric power through regeneration during deceleration.
- the gradient of the increase in the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR which is increased when the brake operation change amount falls below the second brake operation change amount threshold, is made smaller than the gradient of the decrease in the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR, which is decreased when the brake operation change amount exceeds the first brake operation change amount threshold.
- the brake operation change amount is changing, the occupant is less likely to feel the change in vehicle behavior associated with the switch from regenerative braking force to frictional braking force.
- the brake operation change amount is almost constant, the occupant is more likely to feel the change in vehicle behavior associated with the switch from frictional braking force to regenerative braking force, which causes an uncomfortable feeling. Therefore, by setting the gradient of the decrease and the gradient of the increase in the regenerative braking force as described above, the discomfort felt by the occupant when switching from frictional braking force to regenerative braking force can be reduced.
- the frictional braking force of the four wheels 2FL, 2FR, 2RL, and 2RR is reduced, and the reduction amount increases as the estimated road surface ⁇ increases.
- the amount of change in brake operation stabilizes and frictional braking force is switched to regenerative braking force
- slippage of the rear wheels 2RL and 2RR is likely to occur if the road surface ⁇ is low, and slippage is unlikely to occur if the road surface ⁇ is high. Therefore, by increasing the regenerative braking force the higher the road surface ⁇ , it is possible to suppress oversteer behavior and increase the amount of power regeneration during deceleration.
- the first brake operation change amount threshold is set to a larger value as the vehicle's lateral G-force decreases. Since the smaller the lateral G-force, the less likely oversteer behavior will occur, by setting the first brake operation change amount threshold to a larger value as the lateral G-force decreases, it is possible to prevent unnecessary restrictions on the recovery of electric power through regeneration during deceleration.
- the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR is reduced, and the frictional braking force of the four wheels 2FL, 2FR, 2RL, 2RR is increased by the amount of the reduced regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR.
- the deceleration is constant, the behavior of the vehicle depends on the steering angle change amount, and when the steering angle change amount is large, the behavior of the vehicle is likely to become unstable. Therefore, by switching from the regenerative braking force to the frictional braking force only when the steering angle change amount exceeds the first steering angle change amount threshold, it is possible to prevent unnecessary restrictions on the recovery of electric power by regeneration during deceleration.
- the gradient of the increase in the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR which is increased when the steering angle change amount falls below the second steering angle change amount threshold, is made smaller than the gradient of the decrease in the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR, which is decreased when the steering angle change amount exceeds the first steering angle change amount threshold.
- the occupant is less likely to feel the change in vehicle behavior associated with the switch from regenerative braking force to frictional braking force.
- the steering angle change amount is almost constant, the occupant is more likely to feel the change in vehicle behavior associated with the switch from frictional braking force to regenerative braking force, which causes an uncomfortable feeling. Therefore, by setting the gradient of the decrease and the gradient of the increase in the regenerative braking force as described above, the uncomfortable feeling felt by the occupant when switching from frictional braking force to regenerative braking force can be reduced.
- the first steering angle change amount threshold is set to a larger value as the vehicle speed decreases. Since the slower the vehicle speed, the less likely it is that oversteer behavior will occur, by setting the first steering angle change amount threshold to a larger value as the vehicle speed decreases, it is possible to prevent unnecessary restrictions on the recovery of electric power through regeneration during deceleration.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a powertrain of an electric vehicle 1A equipped with a vehicle control system of the second embodiment.
- the electric vehicle 1A has a front motor generator (a regenerative braking device and a drive device, hereinafter referred to as a front motor) 25 that outputs torque to the front wheels 2FL, 2FR.
- the front wheels 2FL, 2FR are drive wheels and regenerative wheels. Power is transmitted between the front motor 25 and the front wheels 2FL, 2FR via a reduction gear 26, a differential 27, and front axles 28FL, 28FR.
- the front motor 25 has a front wheel resolver 29 that detects the motor speed (motor rotation speed).
- the vehicle control device 17 acquires information from various sensors such as a front wheel resolver 29, and performs integrated control of the vehicle.
- the vehicle control device 17 sets a target driving force according to the accelerator operation of the driver, and outputs a driving torque command for obtaining the target driving force to the front motor control device 30.
- the vehicle control device 17 also sets a target braking force according to the brake operation of the driver, and outputs a regenerative torque command for obtaining the target braking force to the front motor control device 30.
- the front motor control device 30 controls the power supplied to the front motor 25 based on a drive torque command or a regenerative torque command.
- the other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- the vehicle is decelerated by the regenerative braking force of the front wheels 2FL, 2FR, and when the vehicle is turned, the regenerative braking force of the front wheels 2FL, 2FR is reduced, and the frictional braking force of each wheel 2FL, 2FR, 2RL, 2RR is increased by the amount of the reduced regenerative braking force, thus implementing a braking force exchange.
- the flow of the braking force change control process in the second embodiment is similar to the braking force change control process at the start of turning during deceleration and the braking force change control process at the start of deceleration during turning in the first embodiment shown in Figures 2 and 3.
- the processes for the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR in steps S4 and S6 in Figure 2 and steps S14 and S16 in Figure 3 are replaced with processes for the front wheels 2FL, 2FR.
- FIG. 14 is a time chart of brake operation, braking force, wheel speed, yaw rate, and estimated road surface ⁇ , showing the operation of braking force switching control at the start of deceleration during turning on a low ⁇ road in the vehicle control device 17 of embodiment 2. It is assumed that the steering angle is constant and the vehicle is turning steadily. At time t1, the driver starts braking, so the regenerative braking force of the front wheels 2FL, 2FR rises.
- the amount of change in the brake operation exceeds the first brake operation change amount threshold, so the regenerative braking force of the front wheels 2FL, 2FR is reduced to zero at a predetermined decreasing gradient, and a braking force replacement is started in which the frictional braking force of the four wheels 2FL, 2FR, 2RL, 2RR is increased at a predetermined increasing gradient by the amount of the reduced regenerative braking force.
- the regenerative braking force of the front wheels 2FL, 2FR becomes zero, and after time t3, only the frictional braking force of the four wheels 2FL, 2FR, 2RL, 2RR increases according to the amount of brake operation.
- 15 is a time chart of brake operation, braking force, wheel speed, yaw rate, and estimated road surface ⁇ , showing the operation of braking force replacement control at the start of deceleration during turning on a high ⁇ road in the vehicle control device 17 of embodiment 2. It is assumed that the steering angle is constant and the vehicle is turning steadily.
- the section before time t4 is the same as in FIG. 14, and therefore the description thereof will be omitted.
- the brake operation change amount falls below the second brake operation change amount threshold and the vehicle is traveling on a high ⁇ road, so the friction braking force of the four wheels 2FL, 2FR, 2RL, and 2RR is decreased at a predetermined decreasing gradient (a gradient smaller than the gradient when increasing), and the regenerative braking force of the front wheels 2FL and 2FR is increased at a predetermined increasing gradient (a gradient smaller than the gradient when decreasing) by the amount of the decreased friction braking force, thereby suppressing the decrease in the amount of regenerative power.
- the friction braking forces of the four wheels 2FL, 2FR, 2RL, and 2RR become zero, and deceleration occurs only due to the regenerative braking force of the front wheels 2FL and 2FR.
- the electric vehicle 1A of the second embodiment provides the same functions and effects as the first embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a powertrain of an electric vehicle 1B equipped with a vehicle control system of the third embodiment.
- the electric vehicle 1B has a rear motor 7 that outputs torque to the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR, and a front motor 25 that outputs torque to the front wheels 2FL, 2FR.
- the front wheels 2FL, 2FR and the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR are drive wheels and regenerative wheels.
- the vehicle control device 17 acquires information from various sensors, such as the rear wheel resolver 13, the front wheel resolver 29, an accelerator pedal sensor 22 that detects an accelerator operation amount, a brake sensor 23 that detects a brake operation amount, and a steering angle sensor 24 that detects a steering angle of a steering wheel (not shown), and performs integrated control of the vehicle.
- the vehicle control device 17 sets a target driving force according to the accelerator operation of the driver, and outputs a driving torque command for obtaining the target driving force to the rear motor control device 20 and the front motor control device 30.
- the vehicle control device 17 also sets a target braking force according to the brake operation of the driver, and outputs a regenerative torque command for obtaining the target braking force to the rear motor control device 20 and the front motor control device 30.
- the other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 or the second embodiment shown in the figure
- the vehicle is decelerated by the regenerative braking force of the four wheels 2FL, 2FR, 2RL, 2RR, and when the vehicle is turned, a braking force exchange is performed in which the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR is reduced and the regenerative braking force of the front wheels 2FL, 2FR is increased by the amount of the reduced regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR.
- the braking force change control process of the third embodiment is similar to the braking force change control process at the start of turning during deceleration and the braking force change control process at the start of deceleration during turning of the first embodiment shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. Only the different parts will be described below.
- steps S4 and S14 a braking force change is performed in which the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR is reduced and the regenerative braking force of the front wheels 2FL, 2FR is increased by the amount of the reduced regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR so that the distribution of the regenerative braking forces of the front and rear wheels becomes, for example, 2:8 or 1:9.
- steps S6 and S16 the increased regenerative braking force of the front wheels 2FL, 2FR is reduced, and the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR is increased by the amount of the reduced regenerative braking force of the front wheels 2FL, 2FR, and the distribution of the regenerative braking forces of the front and rear wheels is returned to the distribution (6:4) before steering.
- the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR is reduced and the regenerative braking force of the front wheels 2FL, 2FR is increased by the amount of the reduced regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR.
- This makes it possible to suppress locking of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR, thereby improving the stability of the vehicle from the initial stage of turning during braking or from the initial stage of braking while turning.
- FIG. 18 is a time chart of the brake operation, torque command, wheel speed, yaw rate, and estimated road surface ⁇ , showing the operation of the braking force switching control at the start of deceleration during turning on a low ⁇ road in the vehicle control device 17 of embodiment 3. It is assumed that the steering angle is constant and the vehicle is turning steadily. At time t1, the driver starts braking, which causes the regenerative braking forces of the front and rear wheels to increase.
- the amount of change in the brake operation exceeds the first brake operation change amount threshold, so the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR is decreased at a predetermined decreasing gradient, and the regenerative braking force of the front wheels 2FL, 2FR is increased at a predetermined increasing gradient by the amount of the decreased regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR.
- the distribution of the regenerative braking forces of the front and rear wheels becomes 9:1.
- the amount of change in the brake operation falls below the second threshold value for the amount of change in the brake operation, but because the vehicle is traveling on a low ⁇ road surface, the regenerative braking force of the front wheels 2FL, 2FR is reduced and the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR is not increased. This makes it possible to prevent the lateral force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR from decreasing again while the vehicle is traveling on a low ⁇ road surface.
- FIG. 19 is a time chart of the brake operation, torque command, wheel speed, yaw rate, and estimated road surface ⁇ , showing the operation of the braking force switching control at the start of deceleration during turning on a high ⁇ road in the vehicle control device 17 of embodiment 3. It is assumed that the steering angle is constant and the vehicle is turning steadily.
- the section before time t4 is the same as in FIG. 18, and therefore the description thereof will be omitted.
- the amount of change in the brake operation falls below the second threshold value for the amount of change in the brake operation and the vehicle is traveling on a high ⁇ road surface, so that the regenerative braking force of the front wheels 2FL, 2FR is decreased at a predetermined decreasing gradient, and the regenerative braking force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR is increased at a predetermined increasing gradient by the amount of the decreased regenerative braking force of the front wheels 2FL, 2FR.
- the distribution of regenerative braking forces between the front and rear wheels returns to the distribution (6:4) before the brake operation.
- FIGS 20 and 21 are flowcharts showing the flow of the driving force switching control process by the vehicle control device 17 of the fourth embodiment. The flowcharts shown in Figures 20 and 21 are repeatedly executed in parallel at a predetermined control period during the start of the vehicle. First, the flowchart of Figure 20 will be described.
- step S21 it is determined whether or not the accelerator operation amount is equal to or greater than a certain value. If the result is YES, the process proceeds to step S22, and if the result is NO, the process proceeds to step S27.
- step S24 a drive force exchange is performed in which the drive force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR is reduced and the drive force of the front wheels 2FL, 2FR is increased by the amount of the reduced drive force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR.
- step S26 the increased driving force of the front wheels 2FL, 2FR is reduced, and the driving force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR is increased by the amount of the reduced driving force of the front wheels 2FL, 2FR.
- the rate at which the driving force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR is increased i.e., the replacement rate, is changed according to the stored estimated road surface ⁇ (the minimum value) based on FIG. 5.
- Fig. 21 is a flowchart showing the flow of the braking force switching control process at the start of acceleration during cornering in the vehicle control device 17 of embodiment 4. Note that the steps performing the same processes as those in the flowchart of Fig. 3 are given the same step numbers and the explanations thereof will be omitted.
- step S33 it is determined whether the accelerator operation change amount, which is the derivative value of the accelerator operation amount, exceeds the first accelerator operation change amount threshold. If YES, proceed to step S14, and if NO, proceed to RETURN.
- Fig. 22 is a setting map for the first accelerator operation change amount threshold according to the lateral G in the first embodiment. In the map in Fig. 22, the first accelerator operation change amount threshold is set to be smaller as the lateral G becomes higher. The first accelerator operation change amount threshold is maximum in the low lateral G region where no slip occurs on the inside wheel and is minimum in the high lateral G region where slip occurs on the inside wheel.
- step S34 similarly to step S24, a drive force exchange is performed in which the drive force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR is reduced and the drive force of the front wheels 2FL, 2FR is increased by the amount of the reduced drive force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR.
- step S35 it is determined whether the accelerator operation change amount has fallen below the second accelerator operation change amount threshold. If YES, the process proceeds to step S36, and if NO, step S35 is repeated.
- the second accelerator operation change amount threshold has characteristics obtained by offsetting the characteristics of the first accelerator operation change amount threshold shown in Figure 21 by a predetermined value on the plus side.
- step S36 similar to step S26, the increased driving force of the front wheels 2FL, 2FR is reduced, and the driving force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR is increased by the amount of the reduced driving force of the front wheels 2FL, 2FR.
- the ratio at which the regenerative braking force is increased relative to the target braking force i.e., the replacement ratio, is changed based on the map in FIG. 5 and in accordance with the stored estimated road surface ⁇ (the minimum value).
- the driving force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR is reduced and the driving force of the front wheels 2FL, 2FR is increased by the amount of the driving force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR that is reduced, thereby improving the stability of the vehicle from the beginning of turning during acceleration or from the beginning of acceleration during turning.
- 24 is a time chart of accelerator operation, driving force, wheel speed, yaw rate, and estimated road surface ⁇ , showing the operation of driving force switching control at the start of acceleration during cornering on a low ⁇ road in the vehicle control device 17 of embodiment 4. It is assumed that the steering angle is constant and the vehicle is making a steady turn.
- the driver starts operating the accelerator, which causes the driving force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR to increase.
- the amount of change in the accelerator operation exceeds the first accelerator operation change amount threshold, so the driving force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR is reduced, and a driving force switching is started to increase the driving force of the front wheels 2FL, 2FR by the amount of the reduction in the driving force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR.
- the driving force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR reaches its upper limit.
- the accelerator operation change amount falls below the second accelerator operation change amount threshold, but because the vehicle is traveling on a low ⁇ road surface, the driving force of the front wheels 2FL, 2FR is reduced and the driving force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR is increased without switching the braking force. This makes it possible to prevent the lateral force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR from decreasing again while the vehicle is traveling on a low ⁇ road surface.
- 25 is a time chart of accelerator operation, driving force, wheel speed, yaw rate, and estimated road surface ⁇ , showing the operation of braking force switching control at the start of deceleration during turning on a high ⁇ road in the vehicle control device 17 of embodiment 4. It is assumed that the steering angle is constant and the vehicle is turning steadily.
- the section before time t4 is the same as in FIG. 18, and therefore the description thereof will be omitted.
- the accelerator operation change amount falls below the second accelerator operation change amount threshold and the vehicle is traveling on a high ⁇ road, so a driving force transfer is performed in which the driving force of the front wheels 2FL, 2FR is reduced and the driving force of the rear wheels 2RL, 2RR is increased by the amount of the reduced driving force of the front wheels 2FL, 2FR.
- the distribution of driving force between the front and rear wheels returns to the distribution before the accelerator operation.
- the regenerative braking force is reduced to zero, but it may be reduced to a predetermined value that is greater than zero.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but includes various modified examples.
- the above-described embodiments have been described in detail to clearly explain the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all of the configurations described. It is also possible to replace part of the configuration of one embodiment with the configuration of another embodiment, and it is also possible to add the configuration of another embodiment to the configuration of one embodiment. It is also possible to add, delete, or replace part of the configuration of each embodiment with other configurations.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の目的の一つは、車両の旋回加減速の初期段階から車両の安定性を向上できる車両制御装置、車両制御方法および車両制御システムを提供することにある。
図1は、実施形態1の車両制御システムを備えた電動車両1の概略図である。
電動車両1は、前輪2FL,2FRと後輪2RL,2RRと、各輪に設けられ車輪に摩擦制動力を発生させる摩擦ブレーキ(摩擦制動装置)3FL,3FR,3RL,3RR(以下、各輪の摩擦ブレーキを総称して摩擦ブレーキ3とも記載する。)を有する。
電動車両1は、後輪2RL,2RRにトルク(駆動トルク、回生トルク)を出力するリアモータジェネレータ(回生制動装置および駆動装置であり、以下、リアモータと称す。)7を有する。後輪2RL,2RRは駆動輪かつ回生輪である。リアモータ7および後輪2RL,2RR間の動力伝達は、減速機8、ディファレンシャル10およびリア車軸6RL,6RRを介して行われる。
摩擦ブレーキ3は、各輪と一体に回転するブレーキロータに対し、各輪の回転軸方向にブレーキパッドを押し付けて摩擦力により制動力を発生させる。実施形態1の摩擦ブレーキ3は、ブレーキ液圧により作動するホイルシリンダによってブレーキパッドを押し付ける構成について説明するが、電動モータにより駆動するボールねじ機構等を介してブレーキパッドを押し付ける構成としてもよく、特に限定しない。
電動車両1は、車両制御装置(コントロール部)17、ブレーキ制御装置18、リアモータ制御装置20およびバッテリ制御装置19を有する。各制御装置17,18,20は、CANバス21を介してお互いに情報を共有する。
バッテリ制御装置19は、高電圧バッテリ15の充放電状態および高電圧バッテリ15を構成する単電池セルを監視する。バッテリ制御装置19は、高電圧バッテリ15の充放電状態等に基づいて、バッテリ要求トルク制限値を算出する。バッテリ要求トルク制限値は、リアモータ7において許容する最大トルクである。例えば高電圧バッテリ15の充電量が低下しているときには、通常よりもバッテリ要求トルク制限値を小さな値に設定する。
リアモータ制御装置20は、駆動トルク指令または回生トルク指令に基づいて、リアモータ7に供給する電力を制御する。
ステップS1では、ブレーキ操作量が一定値以上であるか否かを判定する。YESの場合はステップS2へ進み、NOの場合はステップS7へ進む。
ステップS2では、路面摩擦係数(以下、路面μとも言う。)の推定を開始し、推定路面μの最小値を保持、更新する。推定路面μの算出方法は既知であり、例えば、検知した車輪のスリップ量から算出する方法や、操舵角に対する路面反力等の特性から算出する方法が知られている。
ステップS5では、操舵角変化量が第2操舵角変化量閾値を下回ったか否かを判定する。YESの場合はステップS6へ進み、NOの場合はステップS5を繰り返す。第2操舵角変化量閾値は、図4に示した第1操舵角変化量閾値の特性をプラス側に所定値だけオフセットさせた特性とする。
ステップS7では、路面μの推定を終了し、推定路面μを高μ相当にリセットする。
ステップS11では、操舵角が一定値以上であるか否かを判定する。YESの場合はステップS2へ進み、NOの場合はステップS17へ進む。
ステップS12では、ステップS2と同様に、路面μの推定を開始し、推定路面μの最小値を保持、更新する。
ステップS15では、ブレーキ操作変化量が第2ブレーキ操作変化量閾値を下回ったか否かを判定する。YESの場合はステップS16へ進み、NOの場合はステップS15を繰り返す。第2ブレーキ操作変化量閾値は、図6に示した第1ブレーキ操作変化量閾値の特性をプラス側に所定値だけオフセットさせた特性とする。
ステップS17では、ステップS7と同様に、路面μの推定を終了し、推定路面μを高μ相当にリセットする。
電動車両は、航続距離を確保するために、減速時は積極的に駆動源による回生制動を行い、制動時に失われるエネルギーを電力として回収する必要がある。このため、後輪駆動の電動車両では、後輪のみの制動となることが多くなる。一方、特に低μ路で後輪の回生制動力を大きくすると、制動しながら車両を旋回させる際、後輪の横力低下による車輪のロックが発生しやすくなり、後輪が先にロックすることでオーバーステア挙動が生じるやすくなる。これら2つの背景から、後輪駆動の電動車両では、減速時の電力回生量と旋回時の車両安定性とがトレードオフになる構成上の課題を有する。
時点t1で運転者が操舵を開始し、時点t2で操舵角変化量が第1操舵角変化量閾値を上回ったため、後輪2RL,2RRの回生制動力を所定の減少勾配でゼロまで減少させ、減少させる回生制動力の分、4輪2FL,2FR,2RL,2RRの摩擦制動力を所定の増加勾配で増加させる制動力の掛け替えを開始する。時点t3では、後輪2RL,2RRの回生制動力がゼロとなり、4輪2FL,2FR,2RL,2RRの摩擦制動力のみでの減速となるため、後輪2RL,2RRのスリップが収束する。この結果、旋回の初期段階からオーバーステア挙動の発生を抑制できる。
時点t4では、操舵角変化量が第2操舵角変化量閾値を下回るが、低μ路走行中であるため、4輪2FL,2FR,2RL,2RRの摩擦制動力から後輪2RL,2RRの回生制動力への制動力の掛け替えは実施しない。これにより、低μ路走行中に後輪2RL,2RRの横力が再度低下するのを抑制できる。
時点t4よりも前の区間は、図8の場合と同様であるため説明を省略する。
時点t4では、操舵角変化量が第2操舵角変化量閾値を下回り、かつ、高μ路走行中であるため、4輪2FL,2FR,2RL,2RRの摩擦制動力を所定の減少勾配(増加時の勾配よりも小さな勾配)で減少させ、減少させる摩擦制動力の分だけ後輪2RL,2RRの回生制動力を所定の増加勾配(減少時の勾配よりも小さな勾配)で増加させる制動力の掛け替えを実施する。従来の電動車両では、図7に示したように、後輪の回生制動力から4輪の摩擦制動力へ掛け替えた後は、回生制動力を禁止しているが、高μ路走行時であって、操舵とブレーキ操作が安定したと見なせる変化量となったときには、後輪の回生制動力を増やしてもオーバーステア挙動が発生する可能性は低い。よって、この場合は摩擦制動力から回生制動力への掛け替えを行うことにより、従来技術と比べて、旋回中の回生により回収可能な電力量を増大できる。
時点t5では、4輪2FL,2FR,2RL,2RRの摩擦制動力がゼロとなり、後輪2RL,2RRの回生制動力のみでの減速となる。
時点t1で運転者がブレーキ操作を開始したため、後輪2RL,2RRの回生制動力が立ち上がる。時点t2でブレーキ操作変化量が第1ブレーキ操作変化量閾値を上回ったため、後輪2RL,2RRの回生制動力を所定の減少勾配でゼロまで減少させ、減少させる回生制動力の分、4輪2FL,2FR,2RL,2RRの摩擦制動力を所定の増加勾配で増加させる制動力の掛け替えを開始する。時点t3では、後輪2RL,2RRの回生制動力がゼロとなり、時点t3以降は、ブレーキ操作量に応じて4輪2FL,2FR,2RL,2RRの摩擦制動力のみが増加する。これにより、後輪2RL,2RRの横力低下に伴うスリップが抑制され、減速の初期段階からオーバーステア挙動の発生を抑制できる。
時点t4では、ブレーキ操作変化量が第2ブレーキ操作変化量閾値を下回るが、低μ路走行中であるため、4輪2FL,2FR,2RL,2RRの摩擦制動力から後輪2RL,2RRの回生制動力への制動力の掛け替えは実施しない。これにより、低μ路走行中に後輪2RL,2RRの横力が再度低下するのを抑制できる。
時点t4よりも前の区間は、図10の場合と同様であるため説明を省略する。
時点t4では、ブレーキ操作変化量が第2ブレーキ操作変化量閾値を下回り、かつ、高μ路走行中であるため、4輪2FL,2FR,2RL,2RRの摩擦制動力を所定の減少勾配(増加時の勾配よりも小さな勾配)で減少させ、減少させる摩擦制動力の分だけ後輪2RL,2RRの回生制動力を所定の増加勾配(減少時の勾配よりも小さな勾配)で増加させる制動力の掛け替えを実施する。これにより、電力回生量の低下を抑制できる。
時点t5では、4輪2FL,2FR,2RL,2RRの摩擦制動力がゼロとなり、後輪2RL,2RRの回生制動力のみでの減速となる。
実施形態2の基本的な構成は実施形態1と同様であるため、実施形態1と相違する部分のみ説明する。
図12は、実施形態2の車両制御システムを備えた電動車両1Aのパワートレインの概略図である。
電動車両1Aは、前輪2FL,2FRにトルクを出力するフロントモータジェネレータ(回生制動装置および駆動装置であり、以下、フロントモータと称す。)25を有する。前輪2FL,2FRは駆動輪かつ回生輪である。フロントモータ25および前輪2FL,2FR間の動力伝達は、減速機26、ディファレンシャル27およびフロント車軸28FL,28FRを介して行われる。フロントモータ25は、モータ速度(モータ回転数)を検出する前輪用レゾルバ29を有する。
フロントモータ制御装置30は、駆動トルク指令または回生トルク指令に基づいて、フロントモータ25に供給する電力を制御する。
その他の構成は、図1に示した実施形態1と同様である。
前輪駆動の電動車両では、前輪のみの制動となることが多いため、特に低μ路で前輪の回生制動力を大きくすると、制動しながら車両を旋回させる際、前輪の横力低下による車輪のロックが発生しやすくなり、前輪が先にロックすることでアンダーステア挙動が生じやすくなる。
従来の電動車両では、図13に示すように、旋回減速中に前輪がスリップして前後輪の車輪速差が大きくなるまでは、前輪の回生制動力から4輪の摩擦制動力への掛け替えを開始しない。このため、旋回中の制動初期からアンダーステア挙動を抑制するのは困難であった。
時点t1で運転者がブレーキ操作を開始したため、前輪2FL,2FRの回生制動力が立ち上がる。時点t2でブレーキ操作変化量が第1ブレーキ操作変化量閾値を上回ったため、前輪2FL,2FRの回生制動力を所定の減少勾配でゼロまで減少させ、減少させる回生制動力の分、4輪2FL,2FR,2RL,2RRの摩擦制動力を所定の増加勾配で増加させる制動力の掛け替えを開始する。時点t3では、前輪2FL,2FRの回生制動力がゼロとなり、時点t3以降は、ブレーキ操作量に応じて4輪2FL,2FR,2RL,2RRの摩擦制動力のみが増加する。これにより、前輪2FL,2FRの横力低下に伴うスリップが抑制され、減速の初期段階からオーバーステア挙動の発生を抑制できる。
時点t4では、ブレーキ操作変化量が第2ブレーキ操作変化量閾値を下回るが、低μ路走行中であるため、4輪2FL,2FR,2RL,2RRの摩擦制動力から前輪2FL,2FRの回生制動力への制動力の掛け替えは実施しない。これにより、低μ路走行中に前輪2FL,2FRの横力が再度低下するのを抑制できる。
時点t4よりも前の区間は、図14の場合と同様であるため説明を省略する。
時点t4では、ブレーキ操作変化量が第2ブレーキ操作変化量閾値を下回り、かつ、高μ路走行中であるため、4輪2FL,2FR,2RL,2RRの摩擦制動力を所定の減少勾配(増加時の勾配よりも小さな勾配)で減少させ、減少させる摩擦制動力の分だけ前輪2FL,2FRの回生制動力を所定の増加勾配(減少時の勾配よりも小さな勾配)で増加させる制動力の掛け替えを実施する。これにより、電力回生量の低下を抑制できる。
時点t5では、4輪2FL,2FR,2RL,2RRの摩擦制動力がゼロとなり、前輪2FL,2FRの回生制動力のみでの減速となる。
以上のように、実施形態2の電動車両1Aにあっては、実施形態1と同様の作用効果を奏する。
実施形態3の基本的な構成は実施形態1または実施形態2と同様であるため、実施形態1または実施形態2と相違する部分のみ説明する。
図16は、実施形態3の車両制御システムを備えた電動車両1Bのパワートレインの概略図である。
電動車両1Bは、後輪2RL,2RRにトルクを出力するリアモータ7および前輪2FL,2FRにトルクを出力するフロントモータ25を有する。前輪2FL,2FRおよび後輪2RL,2RRは駆動輪かつ回生輪である。
その他の構成は、図1に示した実施形態1または図に示した実施形態2と同様である。
ステップS4およびステップS14では、前後輪の回生制動力の配分が、たとえば2:8または1:9となるように、後輪2RL,2RRの回生制動力を減少させ、減少させる後輪2RL,2RRの回生制動力の分、前輪2FL,2FRの回生制動力を増加させる制動力の掛け替えを実施する。
ステップS6およびステップS16では、増加させた前輪2FL,2FRの回生制動力を減少させ、減少させる前輪2FL,2FRの回生制動力の分、後輪2RL,2RRの回生制動力を増加させる制動力の掛け替えを実施し、前後輪の回生制動力の配分を、操舵前の配分(6:4)まで戻す。
4輪駆動の電動車両では、制動時に前後輪で回生制動力を発生させるが、特に低μ路での旋回減速時には、車両の重心が前輪側へ移動するため、図17に示すように、後輪の横力低下による車輪のロックが発生しやすくなり、後輪が先にロックすることでオーバーステア挙動が生じやすくなる。
そこで、実施形態3の電動車両1Bでは、前輪2FL,2FRと後輪2RL,2RRの両方の回生制動力によって車両を減速させ、かつ車両を旋回させるとき、後輪2RL,2RRの回生制動力を減少させ、減少させる後輪2RL,2RRの回生制動力の分、前輪2FL,2FRの回生制動力を増加させる。これにより、後輪2RL,2RRのロックを抑制できるため、制動中の旋回初期または旋回中の制動初期から車両の安定性を向上できる。
時点t1で運転者がブレーキ操作を開始したため、前後輪の回生制動力が立ち上がる。時点t2でブレーキ操作変化量が第1ブレーキ操作変化量閾値を上回ったため、後輪2RL,2RRの回生制動力を所定の減少勾配で減少させ、減少させる後輪2RL,2RRの回生制動力の分、前輪2FL,2FRの回生制動力を所定の増加勾配で増加させる制動力の掛け替えを開始する。時点t3では、前後輪の回生制動力の配分が9:1となる。
時点t4では、ブレーキ操作変化量が第2ブレーキ操作変化量閾値を下回るが、低μ路走行中であるため、前輪2FL,2FRの回生制動力を減少させ、後輪2RL,2RRの回生制動力を増加させる制動力の掛け替えは実施しない。これにより、低μ路走行中に後輪2RL,2RRの横力が再度低下するのを抑制できる。
時点t4よりも前の区間は、図18の場合と同様であるため説明を省略する。
時点t4では、ブレーキ操作変化量が第2ブレーキ操作変化量閾値を下回り、かつ、高μ路走行中であるため、前輪2FL,2FRの回生制動力を所定の減少勾配で減少させ、減少させる前輪2FL,2FRの回生制動力の分だけ後輪2RL,2RRの回生制動力を所定の増加勾配で増加させる制動力の掛け替えを実施する。これにより、電力回生量の低下を抑制できる。
時点t5では、前後輪の回生制動力の配分が、ブレーキ操作前の配分(6:4)まで戻る。
実施形態4の基本的な構成は実施形態3と同様であるため、実施形態3と相違する部分のみ説明する。
実施形態4の電動車両1Bでは、旋回加速時の車両の安定性の向上を狙いとし、車両の前輪2FL,2FRと後輪2RL,2RRの両方の駆動力によって車両を加速させ、かつ車両を旋回させるとき、後輪2RL,2RRの駆動力を減少させ、減少させる後輪2RL,2RRの駆動力の分、前輪2FL,2FRの駆動力を増加させる、駆動力の掛け替えを実施する。ここで、「後輪2RL,2RRの駆動力を減少させる」とは、現在の後輪2RL,2RRの駆動力を減少させる場合だけでなく、後輪2RL,2RRの駆動力に上限を設けることをいう。図20および図21は、実施形態4の車両制御装置17による駆動力掛け替え制御処理の流れを示すフローチャートである。図20および図21に示すフローチャートは、車両起動中、所定の制御周期毎に繰り返し並列して実施される。まず、図20のフローチャートから説明する。
ステップS21では、アクセル操作量が一定値以上であるか否かを判定する。YESの場合はステップS22へ進み、NOの場合はステップS27へ進む。
ステップS24では、後輪2RL,2RRの駆動力を減少させ、減少させる後輪2RL,2RRの駆動力の分、前輪2FL,2FRの駆動力を増加させる駆動力の掛け替えを実施する。
ステップS26では、増加させた前輪2FL,2FRの駆動力を減少させ、減少させる前輪2FL,2FRの駆動力の分、後輪2RL,2RRの駆動力を増加させる駆動力の掛け替えを実施する。このとき、ステップS6と同様に、図5に基づき、記憶された推定路面μ(の最小値)に応じて、後輪2RL,2RRの駆動力を増加させる割合、すなわち掛け替え割合を変化させる。
ステップS33では、アクセル操作量の微分値であるアクセル操作変化量が第1アクセル操作変化量閾値を上回ったか否かを判定する。YESの場合はステップS14へ進み、NOの場合はリターンへ進む。図22は、実施形態1の横Gに応じた第1アクセル操作変化量閾値の設定マップである。図22のマップでは、横Gが高いほど第1アクセル操作変化量閾値が小さくなるように設定されている。第1アクセル操作変化量閾値は、旋回内輪にスリップが生じない低横G領域で最大値、旋回内輪にスリップが生じる高横G領域で最小値を取る。
ステップS35では、アクセル操作変化量が第2アクセル操作変化量閾値を下回ったか否かを判定する。YESの場合はステップS36へ進み、NOの場合はステップS35を繰り返す。第2アクセル操作変化量閾値は、図21に示した第1アクセル操作変化量閾値の特性をプラス側に所定値だけオフセットさせた特性とする。
4輪駆動の電動車両では、加速時は車両の重心が後輪側へ移動するため、通常は後輪のみ駆動力を発生させている。従来の電動車両では、図23に示すように、前後輪の車輪速差が大きくなると、前輪の駆動力を発生させて後輪の駆動力を低下させることにより、オーバーステア挙動を抑えているが、後輪のスリップが発生した後の対策であるため、車両の旋回加速の初期段階から車両の安定性を高めることは困難であった。
これに対し、実施形態4では、車両の前輪2FL,2FRと後輪2RL,2RRの両方の駆動力によって車両を加速させ、かつ車両を旋回させるとき、後輪2RL,2RRの駆動力を減少させ、減少させる後輪2RL,2RRの駆動力の分、前輪2FL,2FRの駆動力を増加させる。これにより、加速中の旋回初期または旋回中の加速初期から車両の安定性を向上できる。
時点t1で運転者がアクセル操作を開始したため、後輪2RL,2RRの駆動力が立ち上がる。時点t2でアクセル操作変化量が第1アクセル操作変化量閾値を上回ったため、後輪2RL,2RRの駆動力を減少させ、減少させる後輪2RL,2RRの駆動力の分、前輪2FL,2FRの駆動力を増加させる駆動力の掛け替えを開始する。時点t3では、後輪2RL,2RRの駆動力が上限に達する。
時点t4では、アクセル操作変化量が第2アクセル操作変化量閾値を下回るが、低μ路走行中であるため、前輪2FL,2FRの駆動力を減少させ、後輪2RL,2RRの駆動力を増加させる制動力の掛け替えは実施しない。これにより、低μ路走行中に後輪2RL,2RRの横力が再度低下するのを抑制できる。
時点t4よりも前の区間は、図18の場合と同様であるため説明を省略する。
時点t4では、アクセル操作変化量が第2アクセル操作変化量閾値を下回り、かつ、高μ路走行中であるため、前輪2FL,2FRの駆動力を減少させ、減少させる前輪2FL,2FRの駆動力の分だけ後輪2RL,2RRの駆動力を増加させる駆動力の掛け替えを実施する。
時点t5では、前後輪の駆動力の配分が、アクセル操作前の配分まで戻る。
以上、本発明を実施するための実施形態を説明したが、本発明の具体的な構成は実施形態の構成に限定されるものではなく、発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲の設計変更等があっても本発明に含まれる。
例えば、実施形態では、回生制動力をゼロまで減少させる例を示したが、ゼロよりも大きな所定値まで減少させてもよい。
Claims (17)
- 車両に摩擦制動力を発生させる摩擦制動装置と、前記車両に回生制動力を発生させる回生制動装置と、を有する前記車両に備えられた車両制御装置であって、
コントロール部を備え、
前記コントロール部は、
前記車両の前輪および後輪のうち、いずれか一方の回生輪の回生制動力によって前記車両を減速させる場合において、前記車両を旋回させるとき、前記回生輪の回生制動力を、前記車両を旋回させないときの回生制動力から減少させ、減少させる前記回生輪の回生制動力の分、摩擦制動力を増加させる、
または、
前記車両の前輪および後輪の両方の回生制動力によって前記車両を減速させる場合において、前記車両を旋回させるとき、前記後輪の回生制動力を、前記車両を旋回させないときの回生制動力から減少させ、減少させる前記後輪の回生制動力の分、前記前輪の回生制動力を増加させる、
制御指令を出力する車両制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の車両制御装置であって、
前記回生輪は前記車両の後輪であり、
前記制御指令は、
前記車両の後輪の回生制動力によって前記車両を減速させる場合において、前記車両を旋回させるとき、前記後輪の回生制動力を減少させ、減少させる前記後輪の回生制動力の分、摩擦制動力を増加させる指令である、
車両制御装置。 - 請求項2に記載の車両制御装置であって、
前記制御指令は、
前記車両の旋回中に、前記車両のブレーキ操作変化量が所定の第1ブレーキ操作変化量閾値を上回った場合、前記後輪の回生制動力を減少させ、減少させる前記後輪の回生制動力の分、摩擦制動力を増加させる指令である、
車両制御装置。 - 請求項3に記載の車両制御装置であって、
前記制御指令は、
前記ブレーキ操作変化量が前記第1ブレーキ操作変化量閾値を上回った後に、所定の第2ブレーキ操作変化量閾値を下回った場合、増加させた摩擦制動力を減少させ、減少させる摩擦制動力の分、前記後輪の回生制動力を増加させる指令である、
車両制御装置。 - 請求項4に記載の車両制御装置であって、
前記制御指令は、
前記ブレーキ操作変化量が前記第1ブレーキ操作変化量閾値を上回った場合に減少させる前記後輪の回生制動力の減少勾配よりも、前記第2ブレーキ操作変化量閾値を下回った場合に増加させる前記後輪の回生制動力の増加勾配を小さくする指令である、
車両制御装置。 - 請求項4に記載の車両制御装置であって、
前記制御指令は、
推定路面摩擦係数が大きくなるにしたがって、前記減少させる摩擦制動力を大きくする指令である、
車両制御装置。 - 請求項3に記載の車両制御装置であって、
前記第1ブレーキ操作変化量閾値は、前記車両の横加速度が小さくなるにしたがって大きくなるように設定される、
車両制御装置。 - 請求項2に記載の車両制御装置であって、
前記制御指令は、
前記車両の後輪の回生制動力による前記車両の減速中、前記車両の操舵角変化量が所定の第1操舵角変化量閾値を上回った場合、前記後輪の回生制動力を減少させ、減少させる前記後輪の回生制動力の分、摩擦制動力を増加させる指令である、
車両制御装置。 - 請求項8に記載の車両制御装置であって、
前記制御指令は、
前記操舵角変化量が前記第1操舵角変化量閾値を上回った後に、所定の第2操舵角変化量閾値を下回った場合、増加させた摩擦制動力を減少させ、減少させる摩擦制動力の分、前記後輪の回生制動力を増加させる指令である、
車両制御装置。 - 請求項9に記載の車両制御装置であって、
前記制御指令は、
前記操舵角変化量が前記第1操舵角変化量閾値を上回った場合に減少させる前記後輪の回生制動力の減少勾配よりも、前記第2操舵角変化量閾値を下回った場合に増加させる前記後輪の回生制動力の増加勾配を小さくする指令である、
車両制御装置。 - 請求項8に記載の車両制御装置であって、
前記第1操舵角変化量閾値は、前記車両の速度が小さくなるにしたがって大きくなるように設定される、
車両制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の車両制御装置であって、
前記回生輪は前記車両の前輪であり、
前記制御指令は、
前記車両の前輪の回生制動力によって前記車両を減速させる場合において、前記車両を旋回させるとき、前記前輪の回生制動力を減少させ、減少させる前記前輪の回生制動力の分、摩擦制動力を増加させる指令である、
車両制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の車両制御装置であって、
前記制御指令は、
前記車両の前輪および後輪の両方の回生制動力によって前記車両を減速させる場合において、前記車両を旋回させるとき、前記後輪の回生制動力を減少させ、減少させる前記後輪の回生制動力の分、前記前輪の回生制動力を増加させる指令である、
車両制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の車両制御装置であって、
前記制御指令は、
前記車両の前輪および後輪のうち、いずれか一方の回生輪の回生制動力によって前記車両を減速させる場合において、前記車両を旋回させるとき、前記回生輪の回生制動力を減少させ、減少させる前記回生輪の回生制動力の分、摩擦制動力を増加させ、その後、前記車両のブレーキ操作変化量が所定のブレーキ操作変化量閾値を下回ったとき、かつ操舵角変化量が所定の操舵角変化量閾値を下回ったとき、増加させた摩擦制動力を減少させ、減少させる摩擦制動力の分、前記回生輪の回生制動力を増加させる指令である、
または、
前記車両の前輪および後輪の両方の回生制動力によって前記車両を減速させる場合において、前記車両を旋回させるとき、前記後輪の回生制動力を減少させ、減少させる前記後輪の回生制動力の分、前記前輪の回生制動力を増加させ、その後、前記車両のブレーキ操作変化量が所定のブレーキ操作変化量閾値を下回ったとき、かつ操舵角変化量が所定の操舵角変化量閾値を下回ったとき、増加させた前記前輪の回生制動力を減少させ、減少させる前記前輪の回生制動力の分、前記後輪の回生制動力を増加させる指令である、
車両制御装置。 - 車両に摩擦制動力を発生させる摩擦制動装置と、前記車両に回生制動力を発生させる回生制動装置と、を有する前記車両に設けられたコントロールユニットが実行する車両制御方法であって、
前記コントロールユニットにより、
前記車両の前輪および後輪のうち、いずれか一方の回生輪の回生制動力によって前記車両を減速させる場合において、前記車両を旋回させるとき、前記回生輪の回生制動力を、前記車両を旋回させないときの回生制動力から減少させ、減少させる前記回生輪の回生制動力の分、摩擦制動力を増加させる、
または、
前記車両の前輪および後輪の両方の回生制動力によって前記車両を減速させる場合において、前記車両を旋回させるとき、前記後輪の回生制動力を、前記車両を旋回させないときの回生制動力から減少させ、減少させる前記後輪の回生制動力の分、前記前輪の回生制動力を増加させる、
制御指令を出力する車両制御方法。 - 車両に摩擦制動力を発生させる摩擦制動装置と、
前記車両に回生制動力を発生させる回生制動装置と、
前記車両に設けられたコントロールユニットであって、
前記車両の前輪および後輪のうち、いずれか一方の回生輪の回生制動力によって前記車両を減速させる場合において、前記車両を旋回させるとき、前記回生輪の回生制動力を、前記車両を旋回させないときの回生制動力から減少させ、減少させる前記回生輪の回生制動力の分、摩擦制動力を増加させる、
または、
前記車両の前輪および後輪の両方の回生制動力によって前記車両を減速させる場合において、前記車両を旋回させるとき、前記後輪の回生制動力を、前記車両を旋回させないときの回生制動力から減少させ、減少させる前記後輪の回生制動力の分、前記前輪の回生制動力を増加させる、
制御指令を出力するコントロールユニットと、
を備える車両制御システム。 - 車両に駆動力を発生させる駆動装置を有する前記車両に備えられた車両制御装置であって、
コントロール部を備え、
前記コントロール部は、
前記車両の前輪および後輪の両方の駆動力によって前記車両を加速させる場合において、前記車両を旋回させるとき、前記後輪の駆動力を、前記車両を旋回させないときの駆動力から減少させ、減少させる前記後輪の駆動力の分、前記前輪の駆動力を増加させる、
制御指令を出力する車両制御装置。
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| CN202480008348.7A CN120641288A (zh) | 2023-01-23 | 2024-01-11 | 车辆控制装置、车辆控制方法以及车辆控制系统 |
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Citations (8)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004242460A (ja) * | 2003-02-07 | 2004-08-26 | Toyota Motor Corp | 車輌用回生式制動制御装置 |
| JP2008295266A (ja) * | 2007-05-28 | 2008-12-04 | Toyota Motor Corp | 車両の回生/摩擦制動協調型制動制御装置 |
| JP2008301590A (ja) * | 2007-05-30 | 2008-12-11 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 電動車両 |
| JP2015095966A (ja) * | 2013-11-12 | 2015-05-18 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 車両用制動制御装置 |
| WO2016092586A1 (ja) * | 2014-12-08 | 2016-06-16 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 制駆動力制御装置及び制駆動力制御方法 |
| JP2016107766A (ja) * | 2014-12-04 | 2016-06-20 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車両用制動力制御装置 |
| JP2017077753A (ja) * | 2015-10-19 | 2017-04-27 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車両制御装置 |
| WO2021145391A1 (ja) * | 2020-01-17 | 2021-07-22 | 株式会社アドヴィックス | 制動制御装置 |
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2023
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- 2024-01-11 US US19/148,894 patent/US20260217130A1/en active Pending
- 2024-01-11 DE DE112024000614.0T patent/DE112024000614T5/de active Pending
- 2024-01-11 CN CN202480008348.7A patent/CN120641288A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004242460A (ja) * | 2003-02-07 | 2004-08-26 | Toyota Motor Corp | 車輌用回生式制動制御装置 |
| JP2008295266A (ja) * | 2007-05-28 | 2008-12-04 | Toyota Motor Corp | 車両の回生/摩擦制動協調型制動制御装置 |
| JP2008301590A (ja) * | 2007-05-30 | 2008-12-11 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 電動車両 |
| JP2015095966A (ja) * | 2013-11-12 | 2015-05-18 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 車両用制動制御装置 |
| JP2016107766A (ja) * | 2014-12-04 | 2016-06-20 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車両用制動力制御装置 |
| WO2016092586A1 (ja) * | 2014-12-08 | 2016-06-16 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 制駆動力制御装置及び制駆動力制御方法 |
| JP2017077753A (ja) * | 2015-10-19 | 2017-04-27 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車両制御装置 |
| WO2021145391A1 (ja) * | 2020-01-17 | 2021-07-22 | 株式会社アドヴィックス | 制動制御装置 |
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| CN120641288A (zh) | 2025-09-12 |
| JP2024104014A (ja) | 2024-08-02 |
| US20260217130A1 (en) | 2026-07-30 |
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