WO2024148690A1 - 粉碎装置 - Google Patents

粉碎装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024148690A1
WO2024148690A1 PCT/CN2023/085290 CN2023085290W WO2024148690A1 WO 2024148690 A1 WO2024148690 A1 WO 2024148690A1 CN 2023085290 W CN2023085290 W CN 2023085290W WO 2024148690 A1 WO2024148690 A1 WO 2024148690A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bin
crushing
grinding
pulverizing
transmission shaft
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/085290
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陆风波
黄光豪
蔡进霞
朱永科
王英男
李长东
Original Assignee
广东邦普循环科技有限公司
湖南邦普循环科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 广东邦普循环科技有限公司, 湖南邦普循环科技有限公司 filed Critical 广东邦普循环科技有限公司
Publication of WO2024148690A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024148690A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of pulverizing machinery, and in particular to a pulverizing device.
  • ternary positive electrode materials In the production process of ternary positive electrode materials using pyrometallurgy, the precursor and lithium source are sintered at high temperature to produce ternary positive electrode materials in block form, and generally require crushing equipment to crush them into the required particle size.
  • the ternary positive electrode material is solid-phase sintered by the precursor and the lithium source (lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate), and the ratio of nickel, cobalt and manganese can be adjusted according to actual needs.
  • the air flow mill is commonly used to crush the ternary positive electrode material, which has the characteristics of high finished product fineness. It mainly uses external high-pressure air to spray high-pressure airflow into the crushing chamber through a high-pressure nozzle. The material is repeatedly impacted and collided by the high-pressure airflow to achieve crushing. The crushed fine particle material enters the classification chamber with the rising airflow and is discharged by the classification wheel in the classification chamber.
  • the above-mentioned prior art has the following technical defects: materials with larger particle sizes are not easily transported by airflow and will sink to the bottom of the grinding chamber and cannot be crushed, resulting in low material crushing efficiency; and the materials settled at the bottom of the grinding chamber need to be taken out and crushed again, which results in complicated procedures and high production costs.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a pulverizing device with a simple structure, high pulverizing efficiency and concise production process.
  • a pulverizing device comprising a grading bin and a pulverizing bin connected in sequence from top to bottom, the grading bin being provided with a first driving mechanism and a grading wheel, the first driving mechanism being in transmission connection with the grading wheel; a feeding nozzle and at least two high-pressure nozzles being provided in the pulverizing bin, materials being sprayed into the pulverizing bin by the feeding nozzle, at least two of the high-pressure nozzles being symmetrically arranged, and being used for shearing the materials in the pulverizing bin and forming a vertical fluidized bed, so that the materials are pulverized and transmitted to the grading wheel; a grinding assembly being provided at the bottom of the pulverizing bin, the bottom of the pulverizing bin being connected to an external air source, the external air source being used for providing a driving airflow flowing from the bottom of the pulverizing bin toward the fluidized bed, the driving airflow driving the materials pulverized by the grinding assembly to be
  • the grinding assembly includes a grinding cylinder, a grinding disc, a transmission shaft and a second driving mechanism
  • the grinding cylinder is fixed to the wall of the crushing bin and adjacent to the bottom of the crushing bin
  • the grinding disc is arranged in the grinding cylinder
  • the grinding disc is respectively spaced apart from the inner wall of the grinding cylinder and the bottom of the crushing bin
  • the second driving mechanism is connected to the grinding disc through the transmission shaft
  • the second driving mechanism drives the transmission shaft and the grinding disc to rotate around the axis of the transmission shaft.
  • a plurality of pulverizing blocks are arranged at intervals on the grinding disc; and/or a plurality of pulverizing teeth are arranged at intervals on the inner side wall of the grinding cylinder.
  • the grinding assembly also includes a guide plate and a plurality of crushing plates, wherein the guide plate is arranged in the grinding cylinder, and the guide plate is spaced apart from the inner wall of the grinding cylinder and the grinding disc, respectively; a accommodating cavity is arranged in the guide plate, and an opening communicating with the accommodating cavity is opened on the side of the guide plate facing the high-pressure nozzle; the transmission shaft partially passes through the guide plate and extends into the accommodating cavity; a plurality of crushing plates are located in the accommodating cavity and are arranged on the outer peripheral side of the transmission shaft; a plurality of first through holes are opened on the side of the guide plate facing the grinding disc, and the first through holes are communicated with the accommodating cavity.
  • the plurality of pulverizing blocks are arranged about the rotating center circle of the grinding disc.
  • the crushing blocks are arranged in a circumferential array, the crushing blocks are provided with a first groove, the grinding disc is inserted into the first groove, and the crushing blocks are spaced apart from the guide disc, the inner wall of the grinding cylinder and the bottom of the crushing bin respectively.
  • the crushing block is provided with a first guide surface, which is inclined downward from an end close to the guide plate toward an end away from the guide plate and toward the central axis of the transmission shaft, and a plurality of the first guide surfaces and the grinding plate form a guide groove, and the outer peripheral side wall of the transmission shaft is provided with a spiral blade, and the spiral blade is located between the guide plate and the grinding plate, and the spiral blade pushes the material adjacent to the transmission shaft to move along the groove wall of the guide groove toward a direction away from the transmission shaft.
  • the grinding assembly also includes a baffle ring, which is sealed and connected to the grinding cylinder on one side of the bottom of the crushing bin adjacent to the baffle ring, and the baffle ring is spaced apart from the crushing block.
  • An air inlet channel is separated from the baffle ring and the bottom of the crushing bin, and the air inlet channel is connected to the external air source.
  • a ventilation hole connecting the grinding cylinder and the air inlet channel is provided at the center of the baffle ring, and a second guide surface is provided at the bottom of the crushing bin, and the second guide surface is inclined upward from an end away from the baffle ring toward an end adjacent to the baffle ring and toward the central axis of the transmission shaft, and the pushed airflow is guided to the ventilation hole along the second guide surface.
  • a mobile bin is further provided between the grading bin and the crushing bin, the grading bin and the mobile bin, the crushing bin and the mobile bin are respectively detachably connected, one of the two connecting surfaces between the grading bin and the mobile bin, the crushing bin and the mobile bin is provided with a surrounding wall in an annular manner on the outer periphery, and the other of the two connecting surfaces is provided with a boss, and the boss is inserted into the surrounding wall.
  • a third driving mechanism is arranged outside the crushing bin, and the third driving mechanism is transmission-connected with the grading bin to drive the grading bin to separate from the moving bin;
  • the crushing bin is detachably connected with a fixing assembly, and the fixing assembly includes a first lifting and rotating mechanism and a positioning plate.
  • the first lifting and rotating mechanism is transmission-connected with the mobile bin so that the mobile bin is rotated to above the positioning plate.
  • the fixed component also includes a collecting box, a second lifting and rotating mechanism, a sealing cover and a gas tank.
  • the collecting box is arranged on the positioning plate, and the positioning plate is provided with a second through hole connecting the inner cavity of the mobile bin with the inner cavity of the collecting box.
  • the second lifting and rotating mechanism is fixed on the positioning plate, and the second lifting and rotating mechanism is transmission connected to the sealing cover.
  • a blowing channel is provided in the sealing cover, and a plurality of blowing holes are provided on the side of the sealing cover facing the mobile bin, and the blowing holes are connected to the blowing channel.
  • the gas tank is connected to the blowing channel to provide gas to blow toward the inner cavity of the mobile bin through the blowing holes, so that the material remaining in the mobile bin falls into the collecting box from the second through hole.
  • the beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present application are as follows: by arranging a grinding assembly at the bottom of the crushing bin, large particles that are not easily transported through the fluidized bed and fall to the bottom of the crushing bin are further crushed, thereby improving the crushing efficiency of the crushing bin; by introducing a pushing airflow through the bottom of the crushing bin, the material crushed by the grinding assembly is pushed upward to the fluidized bed again, and is pushed to the grading wheel after further crushing.
  • the structure is simple, the production process is concise, the crushing effect is good, the large particles are prevented from accumulating at the bottom of the crushing bin, the investment in other peripheral crushing equipment and labor is reduced, and the production cost is low.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pulverizing device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic diagram of point A in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic diagram of point B in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a sealing cover according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements.
  • a first feature is “on” a second feature.
  • “or”below” may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them.
  • “above”, “above” and “above” the first feature of the second feature include that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • “Below”, “below” and “below” the first feature of the second feature include that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.
  • the pulverizing device of the embodiment of the present application includes a grading bin 1 and a pulverizing bin 3 connected to the bottom of the grading bin 1, the grading bin 1 is provided with a first driving mechanism and a grading wheel 4 (the position of the first driving mechanism does not affect the normal operation of the grading wheel 44, so it is not shown in the figure), and the first driving mechanism is transmission-connected to the grading wheel 4; a feed nozzle 7 and at least two high-pressure nozzles 6 are provided in the pulverizing bin 3, and the material is sprayed into the pulverizing bin 3 by the feed nozzle 7, and at least two high-pressure nozzles 6 are symmetrically arranged, which are used to shear the material in the pulverizing bin 3 and form a vertical fluidized bed, so that the material is pulverized and transmitted to the grading wheel 4; a grinding assembly is provided at the bottom of the pulverizing bin 3, and the bottom of the pulverizing
  • high-pressure nozzles 6 are provided, which are evenly distributed along the central axis of the crushing bin 3, and the nozzle outlets of all high-pressure nozzles 6 are opposite to the central axis of the crushing bin 3.
  • Two feed nozzles 7 are provided, and the two feed nozzles 7 are also symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the crushing bin 3.
  • the materials are all ternary positive electrode materials. When the materials with uneven coarseness and fineness enter the crushing bin 3 through the feed nozzle 7, a part of the materials with smaller particles move at high speed driven by the compressed airflow ejected from the high-pressure nozzle 6, and collide and crush each other at the intersection of the high-pressure nozzle 6.
  • the crushed materials enter the separation wheel of the grading bin 1 with the rising airflow, and the first driving mechanism drives the grading wheel 4 to rotate at high speed.
  • the centrifugal force generated by the grading wheel 4 on the crushed materials is greater than the centripetal force formed by the viscosity of the airflow, the crushed materials are transmitted by the grading wheel 4 to the discharge pipe 5 on the grading bin 1, thereby completing the crushing and discharging; when the centripetal force of the viscosity of the airflow on the materials is greater than the centripetal force generated by the grading wheel 4
  • the centrifugal force is generated, the material will continue to be crushed in the crushing bin 3.
  • the large-particle material that is not easy to be transported through the fluidized bed and falls to the bottom of the crushing bin 3 is further crushed by the grinding component, thereby improving the crushing efficiency of the material in the crushing bin 3; the pushing airflow is introduced through the bottom of the crushing bin 3, so that the material crushed by the grinding component is pushed upward to the fluidized bed again, and is further crushed and pushed to the grading wheel 4.
  • the device has a simple structure, a simple production process, a good crushing effect, and effectively avoids the accumulation of large-particle materials at the bottom of the crushing bin 3, reduces the investment in other peripheral crushing equipment and labor, and has a low production cost.
  • the grinding assembly includes a grinding cylinder 8, a grinding disc 9, a transmission shaft 10, and a second driving mechanism 11.
  • the grinding cylinder 8 is fixed to the wall of the crushing bin 3 and adjacent to the bottom of the crushing bin 3.
  • the grinding disc 9 is arranged in the grinding cylinder 8.
  • the grinding disc 9 is arranged at intervals with the inner wall of the grinding cylinder 8 and the bottom of the crushing bin 3 respectively.
  • the second driving mechanism 11 is connected to the grinding disc 9 through the transmission shaft 10.
  • the second driving mechanism 11 drives the transmission shaft 10 and the grinding disc 9 to rotate around the axis of the transmission shaft 10.
  • the second driving mechanism 11 drives the transmission shaft 10 and the grinding disc 9 to rotate, so that the materials falling between the grinding cylinder 8 and the grinding disc 9 or between the grinding disc 9 and the bottom of the crushing bin 3 are sheared back and forth, so as to achieve mechanical crushing of large particles.
  • the first driving mechanism and the second driving mechanism 11 are both directly driven by a driving motor, and the rotation axis of the transmission shaft 10 is consistent with the central axis of the crushing bin 3, which effectively ensures the stability of the rotation of the grinding disc 9.
  • a plurality of crushing blocks 91 are arranged at intervals on the grinding disc 9; and a plurality of crushing teeth are arranged at intervals on the inner side wall of the grinding cylinder 8.
  • the crushing teeth and crushing blocks 91 By using the crushing teeth and crushing blocks 91, the crushing effect of the material falling into the grinding cylinder 8 and the grinding disc 9 can be enhanced, and the crushing efficiency of the material can be accelerated.
  • it is not limited to setting the crushing blocks 91 and the crushing teeth at the same time, and it is also possible to set the crushing teeth only on the inner side wall of the grinding cylinder 8, or to set the crushing blocks 91 only on the grinding disc 9, which also has the effect of accelerating the material crushing efficiency.
  • the grinding assembly further includes a guide plate 12 and a plurality of crushing plates 13 .
  • the guide plate 12 is disposed in the grinding cylinder 8 .
  • the guide plate 12 is spaced apart from the inner wall of the grinding cylinder 8 and the grinding disc 9 .
  • the guide disc 12 is provided with a receiving chamber 121, and an opening communicating with the receiving chamber 121 is provided on the side of the guide disc 12 facing the high-pressure nozzle 6.
  • the transmission shaft 10 partially passes through the guide disc 12 and extends into the receiving chamber 121.
  • a plurality of crushing plates 13 are located in the receiving chamber 121 and are arranged on the outer peripheral side of the transmission shaft 10.
  • a plurality of first through holes 122 are provided on the side of the guide disc 12 facing the grinding disc 9, and the first through holes 122 are communicated with the receiving chamber 121.
  • the guide disc 12 is fixed in the grinding cylinder 8 through a connecting piece, and remains relatively still with the grinding cylinder 8. A part of the fallen material falls from the gap between the grinding cylinder 8 and the guide disc 12 to the space between the grinding disc 9 and the grinding cylinder 8 for crushing. The other part of the material falls into the guide disc 12, and the second driving mechanism 11 drives the transmission shaft 10 to rotate, thereby driving the crushing plates 13 to rotate, so as to shear and crush the material in the guide disc 12. The crushed material in the guide disc 12 is introduced to the grinding disc 9 from the first through hole 122.
  • the material falling from the first through hole 122 to the grinding disc 9 is further stirred and crushed by the crushing block 91 between the grinding disc 9 and the guide disc 12, and then gradually accumulated and pushed to the grinding disc 9 and the grinding cylinder 8 for further crushing, thereby further improving the crushing effect of the material.
  • the crushing degree of the material in the guide disc 12 can be controlled by setting the size of the first through hole 122.
  • a plurality of crushing blocks 91 are arranged in an array about the circumference of the rotation center of the grinding disc 9, and the crushing blocks 91 are provided with a first groove, the grinding disc 9 is inserted into the first groove, and the crushing blocks 91 are spaced apart from the guide disc 12, the inner wall of the grinding cylinder 8, and the bottom of the crushing bin 3.
  • the crushing blocks 91 are more firmly connected to the grinding disc 9, and it is also convenient for the crushing blocks 91 to crush the materials between the grinding disc 9 and the guide disc 12, between the grinding disc 9 and the grinding cylinder 8, and between the grinding disc 9 and the bottom of the crushing bin 3.
  • the crushing blocks 91 on multiple surfaces of the grinding disc 9 are integrally formed, which, on the one hand, facilitates the production of the crushing blocks 91 and saves production costs, and on the other hand, makes the crushing blocks 91 more evenly stressed during rotation shearing, and the rotation process more stable.
  • the crushing block 91 located above the grinding disc 9 is spaced from the transmission shaft 10 at one end thereof and is disposed adjacent to the transmission shaft 10.
  • the crushing block 91 is provided with a first guide surface 911, and the first guide surface 911 is inclined downward from the end close to the guide disc 12 toward the end away from the guide disc 12 and toward the central axis of the transmission shaft 10.
  • a plurality of first guide surfaces 911 form guide grooves with the grinding disc 9, and the outer peripheral side wall of the transmission shaft 10 is provided with a
  • the spiral blade 14 is located between the guide plate 12 and the grinding plate 9. The spiral blade 14 pushes the material adjacent to the transmission shaft 10 to move along the groove wall of the guide groove in a direction away from the transmission shaft 10.
  • the spiral blade 14 pushes the material that falls into the guide groove to be discharged, thereby avoiding the wear or jamming of the transmission shaft 10 caused by the crushed material accumulating in the guide groove and flowing into the gap between the transmission shaft 10 and the grinding plate 9, thereby reducing the loss of the transmission shaft 10; by setting the inclined first guide surface 911, it is convenient for the spiral blade 14 to push the material outward along the first guide surface 911, and on the other hand, it can effectively prevent the material from being jammed between the spiral blade 14 and the guide groove.
  • the grinding assembly further includes a retaining ring 15, which is sealed and connected to one side of the grinding cylinder 8 adjacent to the bottom of the crushing bin 3, the retaining ring 15 is spaced apart from the crushing block 91, an air inlet channel 16 is separated from the retaining ring 15 and the bottom of the crushing bin 3, the air inlet channel 16 is connected to an external air source, a ventilation hole 151 connecting the grinding cylinder 8 and the air inlet channel 16 is provided at the center of the retaining ring 15, and a second guide surface 31 is provided at the bottom of the crushing bin 3, the second guide surface 31 is tilted upward from one end away from the retaining ring 15 toward one end adjacent to the retaining ring 15 and toward the central axis of the transmission shaft 10, and the airflow is pushed along the second guide surface 31 to the ventilation hole 151.
  • the second guide surface 31 is provided to facilitate the guidance of the airflow, and accelerate the flow of the airflow in the air inlet channel 16.
  • a mobile bin 2 is further provided between the grading bin 1 and the crushing bin 3.
  • the grading bin 1 and the mobile bin 2, and the crushing bin 3 and the mobile bin 2 are respectively detachably connected.
  • One of the two connecting surfaces between the grading bin 1 and the mobile bin 2, and the crushing bin 3 and the mobile bin 2 is provided with a circle of surrounding wall 25 in an annular manner on the outer periphery, and the other of the two connecting surfaces is provided with a protruding boss 32, and the boss 32 is inserted into the surrounding wall 25.
  • the grading bin 1 and the mobile bin 2, and the mobile bin 2 and the crushing bin 3 are detachably connected to each other, and the disassembly and assembly are highly convenient.
  • the connection and guidance between the grading bin 1 and the mobile bin 2, and the crushing bin 3 and the mobile bin 2 are facilitated, and at the same time, more surface contacts are provided at the connection, which effectively enhances the sealing of the connection.
  • a first connecting piece 26 is provided at one end of the outer side of the grading bin 1 adjacent to the mobile bin 2.
  • the first connecting piece 26 is provided at one end of the outer side of the grading bin 1 adjacent to the mobile bin 2.
  • a third through hole is provided on 26, a second connecting member 27 is provided on one end of the mobile bin 2 adjacent to the grading bin 1, a first threaded hole is provided on the second connecting member 27 corresponding to the third through hole, a first bolt 28 passes through the first through hole 122 and is screwed into the first threaded hole to fix the grading bin 1 and the mobile bin 2.
  • a third connecting member is provided on one end of the outer side of the mobile bin 2 adjacent to the crushing bin 3, a fourth through hole is provided on the third connecting member, a fourth connecting member is provided on the crushing bin 3, a second threaded hole is provided on the fourth connecting member corresponding to the fourth through hole, a second bolt passes through the fourth through hole and is screwed into the second threaded hole to fix the mobile bin 2 and the crushing bin 3, and the connection strength between the grading bin 1 and the mobile bin 2, and between the crushing bin 3 and the mobile bin 2 is strengthened by bolt connection. It can be understood that when crushing materials with uneven coarseness or small particles, the high-pressure nozzle 6 is normally used, and the mobile bin 2 is used to transfer materials.
  • the mobile bin 2 when only large-particle materials are processed, that is, only the bottom grinding assembly is used for processing and crushing, the mobile bin 2 can be removed at this time to shorten the distance between the material at the bottom of the bin and the grading wheel 4, so that the pushing airflow at the bottom of the crushing bin 3 can push the material on the grinding assembly to the grading wheel 4, effectively reducing the pressure requirement of the pushing airflow, reducing energy consumption, and reducing production costs.
  • a third driving mechanism 17 is provided outside the crushing bin 3, and the third driving mechanism 17 is connected to the grading bin 1 by transmission, so as to drive the grading bin 1 to separate from the mobile bin 2;
  • the crushing bin 3 is detachably connected to a fixing assembly, and the fixing assembly includes a first lifting and rotating mechanism 18 and a positioning plate 19, and the first lifting and rotating mechanism 18 is connected to the mobile bin 2 by transmission, so that the mobile bin 2 is rotated to above the positioning plate 19.
  • the detachable structures are all fixed with bolts. When the mobile bin 2 is placed due to space limitations or when a fixed storage area is not required, the bolts can be directly loosened to remove the fixing components to avoid occupying too much usable space.
  • the fixed assembly further includes a collection box 20, a second lifting and rotating mechanism 21, a cover 22 and a gas tank.
  • the collection box 20 is arranged on the positioning plate 19.
  • the positioning plate 19 is provided with a second through hole 191 connecting the inner cavity of the mobile bin 2 and the inner cavity of the collection box 20.
  • the second lifting and rotating mechanism 21 is fixed on the positioning plate 19.
  • the second lifting and rotating mechanism 21 is in transmission connection with the cover 22.
  • a blowing channel 221 is arranged in the cover 22.
  • a plurality of blowing holes 222 are arranged on the side of the cover 22 facing the mobile bin 2. The blowing holes 222 are connected with the blowing channel 221.
  • the gas tank is connected with the blowing channel 221 to provide gas to blow toward the inner cavity of the mobile bin 2 through the blowing holes 222, so that the materials left in the mobile bin 2 fall into the collection box 20 from the second through hole 191.
  • the cover 22 is used to shield and protect the mobile bin 2 to reduce the pollution of the mobile bin 2 by external substances.
  • the third driving mechanism 17 can be a linear driving mechanism such as a cylinder, an oil cylinder and an electric pole. In this embodiment, the third driving mechanism 17 is driven by a cylinder and can share a gas source 23 with the high-pressure nozzle 6, saving production costs.
  • the first lifting and rotating mechanism 18 and the second lifting and rotating mechanism 21 can use a rotary motor or a lifting and rotating cylinder.
  • the high-pressure nozzle 6 and the ventilation hole 151 can share an external high-pressure gas source 23 to save production costs.
  • the high-pressure nozzle 6 and the ventilation hole 151 are independently connected to an external gas source to avoid mutual influence.
  • the cavity wall of the accommodating cavity 121 is inclined, and the inclined cavity wall is inclined downward from the end away from the grinding disc 9 toward the end adjacent to the grinding disc 9 and toward the central axis of the accommodating cavity 121, so that the material in the accommodating cavity 121 is smoothly guided to the bottom of the accommodating cavity 121 along the inclined cavity wall, thereby reducing the material in the accommodating cavity 121.
  • the liquid is retained in the cavity 121 .
  • the mobile warehouse 2 is not limited to being moved and stored by setting the third driving mechanism 17 and the second lifting and rotating mechanism 21.
  • the mobile warehouse 2 can also be moved and stored directly by manual disassembly and manual transportation, thereby saving equipment production costs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)

Abstract

一种粉碎装置，包括分级仓（1）和粉碎仓（3），分级仓（1）设有第一驱动机构和分级轮（4），第一驱动机构与分级轮（4）传动连接；粉碎仓（3）内设有进料喷嘴（7）和至少两个高压喷嘴（6），物料由进料喷嘴（7）喷入粉碎仓（3），至少两个高压喷嘴（6）对称设置，用于剪切粉碎仓（3）内的物料并形成垂直的流化床，使物料被粉碎并传输至分级轮（4）；粉碎仓（3）的仓底设有研磨组件，粉碎仓（3）的仓底连通外部气源，外部气源提供推动气流用以驱动被研磨组件粉碎的物料传送至流化床。该粉碎装置使研磨组件所粉碎的物料重新向上推送至分级轮（4）处进行出料，粉碎效果好。

Description

粉碎装置 技术领域
本申请涉及粉碎机械技术领域，尤其涉及一种粉碎装置。
背景技术
在三元正极材料采用火法冶金的生产过程中，前驱体和锂源经过高温烧结生产的三元正极材料呈块状，一般需要粉碎设备来将其粉碎形成所需的粒径大小。三元正极材料是镍钴锰酸锂，其一般组成的化学式为LiNixCoyMnzO2，其中1>x>0、1>y>0、1>z>0、x+y+z＝1，可作为锂离子电池正极材料。三元正极材料由前驱体与锂源(氢氧化锂、碳酸锂)固相烧结而成，其中镍钴锰的比例可以根据实际需要调整。目前常用气流粉碎机对三元正极材料进行粉碎，其具有成品细度高等特点，主要利用外部高压空气通过高压喷嘴向粉碎室喷射高压气流，物料受到高压气流反复冲击对撞后达到粉碎，粉碎细粒子物料随着上升气流进入分级室，并由分级室内的分级轮排出。上述现有技术存在以下技术缺陷：粒径较大的物料不易被气流传送，会沉在粉碎室底部，无法被粉碎，物料粉碎效率较低；且沉降在粉碎室底部的物料需要取出后再次进行粉碎处理，工序繁杂，生产成本较高。
发明内容
本申请实施例的目的在于：提供一种粉碎装置，其结构简单，粉碎效率高，生产工序简洁。
为达此目的，本申请实施例采用以下技术方案：
提供一种粉碎装置，包括由上至下依次连接的分级仓和粉碎仓，所述分级仓设置有第一驱动机构和分级轮，所述第一驱动机构与所述分级轮传动连接；所述粉碎仓内设置有进料喷嘴和至少两个高压喷嘴，物料由所述进料喷嘴喷入所述粉碎仓，至少两个所述高压喷嘴对称设置，用于剪切所述粉碎仓内的物料并形成垂直的流化床，使所述物料被粉碎并传输至所述分级轮；所述粉碎仓的仓底设置有研磨组件，所述粉碎仓的仓底连通外部气源，所述外部气源用以提供由所述粉碎仓的仓底朝向所述流化床流动的推动气流，所述推动气流驱动被所述研磨组件粉碎的所述物料传送至所述流化床。
作为粉碎装置的一种优选方案，所述研磨组件包括研磨筒、磨盘、传动轴和第二驱动机构，所述研磨筒固定在所述粉碎仓的仓壁且邻近于所述粉碎仓的仓底，所述磨盘设置在所述研磨筒内，所述磨盘分别与所述研磨筒内侧壁和所述粉碎仓的仓底间隔设置，所述第二驱动机构通过所述传动轴与所述磨盘传动连接，所述第二驱动机构驱动所述传动轴和所述磨盘绕所述传动轴的轴线转动。
作为粉碎装置的一种优选方案，所述磨盘上间隔设置有多个粉碎块；和/或，所述研磨筒的内侧壁间隔设置有多个粉碎齿。
作为粉碎装置的一种优选方案，所述研磨组件还包括导向盘和多个粉碎板，所述导向盘设置在所述研磨筒内，所述导向盘分别与所述研磨筒内侧壁和所述磨盘间隔设置，所述导向盘内设有容纳腔，所述导向盘朝向所述高压喷嘴一侧开设有与所述容纳腔相通的开口，所述传动轴部分穿过所述导向盘并延伸至所述容纳腔内，多个所述粉碎板位于所述容纳腔内并设置在所述传动轴外周侧，所述导向盘朝向所述磨盘一侧开设有多个第一通孔，所述第一通孔与所述容纳腔连通。
作为粉碎装置的一种优选方案，多个所述粉碎块关于所述磨盘旋转中心圆 周阵列分布，所述粉碎块开设有第一凹槽，所述磨盘插接于所述第一凹槽内，所述粉碎块分别与所述导向盘、所述研磨筒内侧壁和所述粉碎仓的仓底间隔设置。
作为粉碎装置的一种优选方案，所述粉碎块设置有第一导向面，所述第一导向面从靠近所述导向盘的一端朝向远离所述导向盘的一端且朝向所述传动轴中心轴线向下倾斜，多个所述第一导向面与所述磨盘形成导向槽，所述传动轴外周侧壁设置有螺旋叶片，所述螺旋叶片位于所述导向盘与所述磨盘之间，所述螺旋叶片推动邻近于所述传动轴的所述物料沿所述导向槽的槽壁朝向远离所述传动轴方向移动。
作为粉碎装置的一种优选方案，所述研磨组件还包括挡料环，所述挡料环与所述研磨筒邻近所述粉碎仓的仓底的一侧密封连接，所述挡料环与所述粉碎块间隔设置，所述挡料环与所述粉碎仓的仓底间隔出进风通道，所述进风通道与所述外部气源连通，所述挡料环中心开设有连通所述研磨筒和所述进风通道的通风孔，所述粉碎仓的仓底设置有第二导向面，所述第二导向面从远离所述挡料环的一端朝向邻近所述挡料环的一端并朝向所述传动轴中心轴线向上倾斜，所述推动气流沿所述第二导向面导向至所述通风孔。
作为粉碎装置的一种优选方案，所述分级仓和所述粉碎仓间还设有移动仓，所述分级仓和所述移动仓、所述粉碎仓和所述移动仓分别可拆卸连接，所述分级仓和所述移动仓、所述粉碎仓和所述移动仓相互连接的两个连接面中其中一个外周环形设置一圈围壁，相互连接的两个连接面中另一个凸出设置有凸台，所述凸台插接于所述围壁内。
作为粉碎装置的一种优选方案，所述粉碎仓外设置有第三驱动机构，所述第三驱动机构与所述分级仓传动连接，以驱动所述分级仓与所述移动仓分离； 所述粉碎仓可拆卸连接有固定组件，所述固定组件包括第一升降旋转机构和定位板，所述第一升降旋转机构与所述移动仓传动连接，以使所述移动仓转动至所述定位板上方。
作为粉碎装置的一种优选方案，所述固定组件还包括收集箱、第二升降旋转机构、封盖和气罐，所述收集箱设置在所述定位板上，所述定位板开设有连通所述移动仓内腔与所述收集箱内腔的第二通孔，所述第二升降旋转机构固定在所述定位板上，所述第二升降旋转机构与所述封盖传动连接，所述封盖内设有吹气通道，所述封盖朝向所述移动仓的一侧设有多个吹气孔，所述吹气孔与所述吹气通道连通，所述气罐与所述吹气通道连通，以提供气体通过所述吹气孔朝向所述移动仓内腔吹气，以使所述移动仓内遗留的所述物料从所述第二通孔落入所述收集箱内。
本申请实施例的有益效果为：通过在粉碎仓的仓底设置研磨组件，进一步粉碎不易通过流化床传送而落至粉碎仓的仓底的大颗粒物料，提升粉碎仓粉碎效率；通过粉碎仓的仓底引入推动气流，使研磨组件所粉碎的物料重新向上推送至流化床，进一步粉碎后推送至分级轮，结构简单，生产工序简洁，粉碎效果好，避免大颗粒物料堆积在粉碎仓的仓底，减少其他外设粉碎设备及人工的投入，生产成本较低。
附图说明
下面根据附图和实施例对本申请作进一步详细说明。
图1为本申请实施例的粉碎装置的结构示意图。
图2为图1的A处放大示意图。
图3为图1的B处放大示意图。
图4为本申请实施例的封盖的结构示意图。
图中：
1、分级仓；2、移动仓；3、粉碎仓；31、第二导向面；32、凸台；4、分
级轮；5、出料管；6、高压喷嘴；7、进料喷嘴；8、研磨筒；9、磨盘；91、粉碎块；911、第一导向面；10、传动轴；11、第二驱动机构；12、导向盘；121、容纳腔；122、第一通孔；13、粉碎板；14、螺旋叶片；15、挡料环；151、通风孔；16、进风通道；17、第三驱动机构；18、第一升降旋转机构；19、定位板；191、第二通孔；20、收集箱；21、第二升降旋转机构；22、封盖；221、吹气通道；222、吹气孔；23、气源；24、连接管；25、围壁；26、第一连接件；27、第二连接件；28、第一螺栓。
具体实施方式
为使本申请解决的技术问题、采用的技术方案和达到的技术效果更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请实施例的技术方案作进一步的详细描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
在本申请的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”、“固定”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上” 或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
如图1和图2所示，本申请实施例的粉碎装置包括分级仓1和连接于分级仓1下方的粉碎仓3，分级仓1设置有第一驱动机构和分级轮4(第一驱动机构位置不影响分级轮44正常运行，故未在图中示出)，第一驱动机构与分级轮4传动连接；粉碎仓3内设置有进料喷嘴7和至少两个高压喷嘴6，物料由进料喷嘴7喷入粉碎仓3，至少两个高压喷嘴6对称设置，用于剪切粉碎仓3内的物料并形成垂直的流化床，使物料被粉碎并传输至分级轮4；粉碎仓3的仓底设置有研磨组件，粉碎仓3的仓底连通外部气源，外部气源用以提供由粉碎仓3的仓底朝向流化床流动的推动气流，推动气流驱动被研磨组件粉碎的物料传送至流化床。在本实施例中，高压喷嘴6设置有四个，沿粉碎仓3中心轴线均匀分布，且所有高压喷嘴6的喷嘴出口均对向粉碎仓3中心轴线，进料喷嘴7设置有两个，两个进料喷嘴7也关于粉碎仓3中心轴线中心对称设置。本实施例中物料均为三元正极材料，当粗细不均的物料由进料喷嘴7进入粉碎仓3时，一部分颗粒较小的物料在高压喷嘴6喷出的压缩气流带动下做高速运动，在高压喷嘴6交汇处相互碰撞粉碎，粉碎的物料随上升气流进入分级仓1的分离轮中，第一驱动机构带动分级轮4高速旋转，当粉碎的物料所受分级轮4所产生的离心力大于气流粘性所形成向心力时，粉碎物料被分级轮4传输至分级仓1上的出料管5中，从而完成粉碎出料；当物料所受气流粘性的向心力大于分级轮4所产 生的的离心力时，物料将在粉碎仓3内继续被粉碎。另一部分颗粒大的物料则因重力大于压缩气流推力，掉落至粉碎仓3的仓底，由研磨组件进行粉碎，通过研磨组件对不易通过流化床传送而落至粉碎仓3的仓底的大颗粒物料进一步粉碎，提升物料在粉碎仓3的粉碎效率；通过粉碎仓3的仓底引入推动气流，使研磨组件所粉碎的物料重新向上推送至流化床处，进一步粉碎后推送至分级轮4，该装置结构简单，生产工序简洁，粉碎效果好，有效避免粉碎仓3的仓底大颗粒物料堆积，减少其他外设粉碎设备及人工的投入，生产成本较低。
具体地，如图1和图2所示，研磨组件包括研磨筒8、磨盘9、传动轴10和第二驱动机构11，研磨筒8固定在粉碎仓3的仓壁且邻近于粉碎仓3的仓底，磨盘9设置在研磨筒8内，磨盘9分别与研磨筒8内侧壁和粉碎仓3的仓底间隔设置，第二驱动机构11通过传动轴10与磨盘9传动连接，第二驱动机构11驱动传动轴10和磨盘9绕传动轴10的轴线转动。第二驱动机构11带动传动轴10从而带动磨盘9转动，使掉落至研磨筒8与磨盘9间或磨盘9与粉碎仓3的仓底间的物料来回剪切，实现大颗粒物料的机械粉碎。在本实施例中，第一驱动机构和第二驱动机构11均采用驱动电机直接驱动，同时传动轴10的旋转轴线与粉碎仓3中心轴线一致，有效保证磨盘9转动的平稳性。
优选地，如图2所示，磨盘9上间隔设置有多个粉碎块91；研磨筒8的内侧壁间隔设置有多个粉碎齿。通过利用粉碎齿和粉碎块91，可以加强对落入研磨筒8与磨盘9中物料的粉碎效果，加快物料的粉碎效率。在其他实施例中，不限于同时设置粉碎块91和粉碎齿，还可以仅在研磨筒8内侧壁上设置粉碎齿，或仅在磨盘9上设置粉碎块91，同样具有加快物料粉碎效率的作用。
进一步地，如图2所示，研磨组件还包括导向盘12和多个粉碎板13，导向盘12设置在研磨筒8内，导向盘12分别与研磨筒8内侧壁和磨盘9间隔设置， 导向盘12内设有容纳腔121，导向盘12朝向高压喷嘴6一侧开设有与容纳腔121相通的开口，传动轴10部分穿过导向盘12并延伸至容纳腔121内，多个粉碎板13位于容纳腔121内并设置在传动轴10外周侧，导向盘12朝向磨盘9一侧开设有多个第一通孔122，第一通孔122与容纳腔121连通。导向盘12通过连接件固定在研磨筒8内，与研磨筒8保持相对静止，掉落的物料中一部分物料由研磨筒8与导向盘12的间隙中掉落至磨盘9与研磨筒8间进行粉碎。另一部分物料则掉落至导向盘12内，由第二驱动机构11带动传动轴10转动，从而带动粉碎板13转动，实现对导向盘12内的物料进行剪切粉碎。导向盘12内粉碎后的物料从第一通孔122导入至磨盘9上，由第一通孔122落至磨盘9的物料在磨盘9与导向盘12间由粉碎块91进一步搅拌粉碎，后续逐步堆积推送至磨盘9与研磨筒8间再粉碎，进一步提升物料的粉碎效果。可选地，可以通过设置第一通孔122大小，来控制导向盘12内物料粉碎程度。
更进一步的，如图2所示，多个粉碎块91关于磨盘9旋转中心圆周阵列分布，粉碎块91开设有第一凹槽，磨盘9插接于第一凹槽内，粉碎块91分别与导向盘12、研磨筒8内侧壁和粉碎仓3的仓底间隔设置。通过将磨盘9插接于第一凹槽内，使粉碎块91与磨盘9连接更稳固，同时也便于粉碎块91粉碎磨盘9与导向盘12间、磨盘9与研磨筒8间、磨盘9与粉碎仓3的仓底间的物料，磨盘9多个面的粉碎块91一体成型，一方面便于粉碎块91的生产，节约生产成本，另一方面使粉碎块91在转动剪切中受力更为均衡，转动过程更稳定。
更进一步地，如图2所示，位于磨盘9上方的粉碎块91邻近传动轴10的一端与传动轴10间隔设置，粉碎块91设置有第一导向面911，第一导向面911从靠近导向盘12的一端朝向远离导向盘12的一端且朝向传动轴10中心轴线向下倾斜，多个第一导向面911与磨盘9形成导向槽，传动轴10外周侧壁设置有 螺旋叶片14，螺旋叶片14位于导向盘12与磨盘9之间，螺旋叶片14推动邻近于传动轴10的物料沿导向槽的槽壁朝向远离传动轴10方向移动。通过利用传动轴10带动螺旋叶片14转动，螺旋叶片14推动掉落至导向槽内的物料排出，避免因粉碎物料堆积在导向槽内流落至传动轴10与磨盘9的缝隙中，而造成传动轴10磨损或卡死，实现减少传动轴10的损耗；通过设置倾斜的第一导向面911，便于螺旋叶片14将物料沿第一导向面911向外侧推出，另一方面可有效避免物料卡死在螺旋叶片14与导向槽间。
可选地，如图2所示，研磨组件还包括挡料环15，挡料环15与研磨筒8邻近粉碎仓3的仓底的一侧密封连接，挡料环15与粉碎块91间隔设置，挡料环15与粉碎仓3的仓底间隔出进风通道16，进风通道16与外部气源连通，挡料环15中心开设有连通研磨筒8和进风通道16的通风孔151，粉碎仓3的仓底设置有第二导向面31，第二导向面31从远离挡料环15的一端朝向邻近挡料环15的一端并朝向传动轴10中心轴线向上倾斜，推动气流沿第二导向面31导向至通风孔151。通过设置第二导向面31便于推动气流的导向，加快进风通道16内推动气流的流动。
在一实施例中，如图1和图3所示，分级仓1和粉碎仓3之间还设有移动仓2，分级仓1和移动仓2、粉碎仓3和移动仓2分别可拆卸连接，分级仓1和移动仓2、粉碎仓3和移动仓2相互连接的两个连接面中其中一个外周环形设置一圈围壁25，相互连接的两个连接面中另一个凸出设置有凸台32，凸台32插接于围壁25内。分级仓1和移动仓2、移动仓2和粉碎仓3相互可拆卸连接，拆装便利性高。通过设置围壁25与凸台32，便于分级仓1和移动仓2、粉碎仓3和移动仓2连接导向，同时连接处更多面接触设置，有效加强连接处的密封性。可选地，分级仓1外侧邻近移动仓2的一端设置有第一连接件26，第一连接件 26上开设有第三通孔，移动仓2邻近分级仓1的一端上设置有第二连接件27，第二连接件27对应第三通孔开设有第一螺纹孔，第一螺栓28穿过第一通孔122旋拧于第一螺纹孔内，以将分级仓1与移动仓2固定。移动仓2外侧邻近粉碎仓3的一端设置有第三连接件，第三连接件上开设有第四通孔，粉碎仓3上设置有第四连接件，第四连接件对应第四通孔开设有第二螺纹孔，第二螺栓穿过第四通孔旋拧于第二螺纹孔内，以将移动仓2与粉碎仓3固定，通过螺栓连接，加强分级仓1和移动仓2、粉碎仓3和移动仓2间连接强度。可以理解的是，在粉碎粗细不均或颗粒较小的物料时，正常使用高压喷嘴6，利用移动仓2进行物料传递。在其他实施例中，只加工大颗粒物料时，即仅使用底部研磨组件进行加工粉碎，此时，可拆除移动仓2，缩短仓底物料传输至分级轮4间的距离，便于粉碎仓3仓底的推动气流推动研磨组件上的物料传输至分级轮4处，有效降低推动气流的压力要求，减少能耗，降低生产成本。
进一步地，如图1所示，粉碎仓3外设置有第三驱动机构17，第三驱动机构17与分级仓1传动连接，以驱动分级仓1与移动仓2分离；粉碎仓3可拆卸连接有固定组件，固定组件包括第一升降旋转机构18和定位板19，第一升降旋转机构18与移动仓2传动连接，以使移动仓2转动至定位板19上方。当仅需粉碎仓3的底部的研磨组件对物料进行粉碎时，拆卸下第一螺栓28与第二螺栓，通过第三驱动机构17驱动分级仓1上移，将分级仓1与移动仓2分离，随后利用第一升降旋转机构18驱动移动仓2转动至收纳箱上方，进行移动仓2的拆卸及存储。利用第三驱动机构17和第一升降旋转机构18配合，便于移动仓2拆卸收纳，省时省力，操作便利。在其他实施例中，可拆卸结构皆采用螺栓固定，由于空间限制或不需要固定收纳区对移动仓2进行放置时，则可以直接拧松螺栓，拆卸下固定组件，避免占用过多使用空间。
更进一步地，如图1和图4所示，固定组件还包括收集箱20、第二升降旋转机构21、封盖22和气罐，收集箱20设置在定位板19上，定位板19开设有连通移动仓2内腔与收集箱20内腔的第二通孔191，第二升降旋转机构21固定在定位板19上，第二升降旋转机构21与封盖22传动连接，封盖22内设有吹气通道221，封盖22朝向移动仓2的一侧设有多个吹气孔222，吹气孔222与吹气通道221连通，气罐与吹气通道221连通，以提供气体通过吹气孔222朝向移动仓2内腔吹气，以使移动仓2内遗留的物料从第二通孔191落入收集箱20内。利用封盖22对移动仓2进行遮挡保护，减少外界物质对移动仓2的污染。移动仓2拆卸收纳时，第二升降旋转机构21驱动封盖22打开，第一升降旋转机构18将移动仓2移送至定位板19上，第二升降驱动机构再驱动封盖22关闭，可有效对拆卸后放置的移动仓2进行保护。通过启动气源23，气源23内的气体经由连接管24传输至吹气通道221，随后由吹气孔222喷出，喷出的气体可将移动仓2上粘附的物料吹落，掉落的物料经由第二通孔191收纳至收集箱20中。第三驱动机构17可以为气缸、油缸和电杆等直线驱动机构，在本实施例中，第三驱动机构17为气缸驱动，可以与高压喷嘴6共用一个气源23，节约生产成本。第一升降旋转机构18和第二升降旋转机构21可采用旋转电机或升降旋转气缸。
可选地，同时利用高压喷嘴6和研磨组件粉碎时，高压喷嘴6和通风孔151可以共用一个外部高压气源23，节约生产成本。另一实施例中，仅利用高压喷嘴6或研磨组件对物料进行粉碎时，高压喷嘴6和通风孔151分别独立连接一个外部气源，避免相互影响。
另一实施例中，如图2所示，容纳腔121的腔壁倾斜设置，倾斜的腔壁由远离磨盘9的一端朝向邻近磨盘9的一端并朝向容纳腔121中心轴线向下倾斜，便于容纳腔121内物料沿倾斜腔壁顺利导向至容纳腔121底部，减小物料在容 纳腔121内积留。
在其他实施例中，不限于设置第三驱动机构17和第二升降旋转机构21对移动仓2进行移动收纳，还可以直接通过人工拆卸和人工搬运对移动仓2进行移动收纳，节约设备生产成本。
于本文的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”等方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述和简化操作，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一实施例”等的描述意指结合该实施例的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
以上结合具体实施例描述了本申请的技术原理。这些描述只是为了解释本申请的原理，而不能以任何方式解释为对本申请保护范围的限制。基于此处的解释，本领域的技术人员不需要付出创造性的劳动即可联想到本申请的其它具体实施方式，这些方式都将落入本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种粉碎装置，其特征在于，包括由上至下依次连接的分级仓和粉碎仓，所述分级仓设置有第一驱动机构和分级轮，所述第一驱动机构与所述分级轮传动连接；所述粉碎仓内设置有进料喷嘴和至少两个高压喷嘴，物料由所述进料喷嘴喷入所述粉碎仓，至少两个所述高压喷嘴对称设置，用于剪切所述粉碎仓内的物料并形成垂直的流化床，使所述物料被粉碎并传输至所述分级轮；所述粉碎仓的仓底设置有研磨组件，所述粉碎仓的仓底连通外部气源，所述外部气源用以提供由所述粉碎仓的仓底朝向所述流化床流动的推动气流，所述推动气流驱动被所述研磨组件粉碎的所述物料传送至所述流化床。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的粉碎装置，其特征在于，所述研磨组件包括研磨筒、磨盘、传动轴和第二驱动机构，所述研磨筒固定在所述粉碎仓的仓壁且邻近于所述粉碎仓的仓底，所述磨盘设置在所述研磨筒内，所述磨盘分别与所述研磨筒内侧壁和所述粉碎仓的仓底间隔设置，所述第二驱动机构通过所述传动轴与所述磨盘传动连接，所述第二驱动机构驱动所述传动轴和所述磨盘绕所述传动轴的轴线转动。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的粉碎装置，其特征在于，所述磨盘上间隔设置有多个粉碎块；和/或，
    所述研磨筒的内侧壁间隔设置有多个粉碎齿。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的粉碎装置，其特征在于，所述研磨组件还包括导向盘和多个粉碎板，所述导向盘设置在所述研磨筒内，所述导向盘分别与所述研磨筒内侧壁和所述磨盘间隔设置，所述导向盘内设有容纳腔，所述导向盘朝向所述高压喷嘴一侧开设有与所述容纳腔相通的开口，所述传动轴部分穿过所述导向盘并延伸至所述容纳腔内，多个所述粉碎板位于所述容纳腔内并设置在所述传动轴外周侧，所述导向盘朝向所述磨盘一侧开设有多个第一通孔，所述 第一通孔与所述容纳腔连通。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的粉碎装置，其特征在于，多个所述粉碎块关于所述磨盘旋转中心圆周阵列分布，所述粉碎块开设有第一凹槽，所述磨盘插接于所述第一凹槽内，所述粉碎块分别与所述导向盘、所述研磨筒内侧壁和所述粉碎仓的仓底间隔设置。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的粉碎装置，其特征在于，所述粉碎块设置有第一导向面，所述第一导向面从靠近所述导向盘的一端朝向远离所述导向盘的一端且朝向所述传动轴中心轴线向下倾斜，多个所述第一导向面与所述磨盘形成导向槽，所述传动轴外周侧壁设置有螺旋叶片，所述螺旋叶片位于所述导向盘与所述磨盘之间，所述螺旋叶片推动邻近于所述传动轴的所述物料沿所述导向槽的槽壁朝向远离所述传动轴方向移动。
  7. 根据权利要求3至6任一项所述的粉碎装置，其特征在于，所述研磨组件还包括挡料环，所述挡料环与所述研磨筒邻近所述粉碎仓的仓底的一侧密封连接，所述挡料环与所述粉碎块间隔设置，所述挡料环与所述粉碎仓的仓底间隔出进风通道，所述进风通道与所述外部气源连通，所述挡料环中心开设有连通所述研磨筒和所述进风通道的通风孔，所述粉碎仓的仓底设置有第二导向面，所述第二导向面从远离所述挡料环的一端朝向邻近所述挡料环的一端并朝向所述传动轴中心轴线向上倾斜，所述推动气流沿所述第二导向面导向至所述通风孔。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的粉碎装置，其特征在于，所述分级仓和所述粉碎仓间还设有移动仓，所述分级仓和所述移动仓、所述粉碎仓和所述移动仓分别可拆卸连接，所述分级仓和所述移动仓、所述粉碎仓和所述移动仓相互连接的两个连接面中其中一个外周环形设置一圈围壁，相互连接的两个连接面中另一 个凸出设置有凸台，所述凸台插接于所述围壁内。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的粉碎装置，其特征在于，所述粉碎仓外设置有第三驱动机构，所述第三驱动机构与所述分级仓传动连接，以驱动所述分级仓与所述移动仓分离；
    所述粉碎仓可拆卸连接有固定组件，所述固定组件包括第一升降旋转机构和定位板，所述第一升降旋转机构与所述移动仓传动连接，以使所述移动仓转动至所述定位板上方。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的粉碎装置，其特征在于，所述固定组件还包括收集箱、第二升降旋转机构、封盖和气罐，所述收集箱设置在所述定位板上，所述定位板开设有连通所述移动仓内腔与所述收集箱内腔的第二通孔，所述第二升降旋转机构固定在所述定位板上，所述第二升降旋转机构与所述封盖传动连接，所述封盖内设有吹气通道，所述封盖朝向所述移动仓的一侧设有多个吹气孔，所述吹气孔与所述吹气通道连通，所述气罐与所述吹气通道连通，以提供气体通过所述吹气孔朝向所述移动仓内腔吹气，以使所述移动仓内遗留的所述物料从所述第二通孔落入所述收集箱内。
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