WO2024101124A1 - Dispositif de récupération de dioxyde de carbone - Google Patents

Dispositif de récupération de dioxyde de carbone Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024101124A1
WO2024101124A1 PCT/JP2023/038156 JP2023038156W WO2024101124A1 WO 2024101124 A1 WO2024101124 A1 WO 2024101124A1 JP 2023038156 W JP2023038156 W JP 2023038156W WO 2024101124 A1 WO2024101124 A1 WO 2024101124A1
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carbon dioxide
adsorption
flow rate
air
flow passage
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PCT/JP2023/038156
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
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英隆 小沢
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本田技研工業株式会社
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/50—Carbon dioxide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a carbon dioxide recovery device that recovers carbon dioxide from a gas that contains carbon dioxide.
  • a conventional carbon dioxide capture device includes a main body having a flow passage through which gas containing carbon dioxide flows, a blower that introduces gas into the flow passage, and an adsorption section that is disposed in the flow passage and adsorbs the carbon dioxide contained in the gas flowing through the flow passage, and captures carbon dioxide from the gas by having the carbon dioxide contained in the gas introduced into the flow passage by the blower be adsorbed by the adsorption section (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
  • the gas introduced into the flow passage is brought into contact with an adsorption section, which is constructed by supporting an adsorbent such as an amine on a substrate, so that the carbon dioxide contained in the gas is adsorbed by the adsorption section.
  • an adsorption section which is constructed by supporting an adsorbent such as an amine on a substrate, so that the carbon dioxide contained in the gas is adsorbed by the adsorption section.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a carbon dioxide capture device that can save energy by efficiently driving a blower when capturing carbon dioxide. This will ultimately contribute to mitigating or reducing the impact of climate change.
  • the carbon dioxide capture device comprises a main body having a flow passage through which gas containing carbon dioxide flows, a blower for introducing gas into the flow passage, an adsorption section disposed in the flow passage for adsorbing carbon dioxide contained in the gas introduced into the flow passage, a flow rate adjustment section for adjusting the flow rate of the gas introduced into the flow passage, and a control section for adjusting the flow rate of the gas introduced into the flow passage by the flow rate adjustment section based on changes in adsorption rate capacity, which is the amount of carbon dioxide that can be adsorbed per unit time, and which changes according to the amount of carbon dioxide adsorbed by the adsorption section.
  • the adsorption section has an adsorbent whose adsorption rate capacity decreases as the amount of carbon dioxide adsorbed increases, and the control section reduces the flow rate of the gas introduced into the flow passage by the flow rate adjustment section as the adsorption rate capacity decreases.
  • the flow rate adjustment unit is a blower that constitutes the blower unit, and adjusts the flow rate of the gas introduced into the flow passage by adjusting the driving force.
  • the blower section is made up of multiple blowers, and the flow rate adjustment section adjusts the number of blowers to be driven among the multiple blowers.
  • the carbon dioxide capture device further comprises a plurality of adsorption modules each having the main body and the adsorption unit, with the flow passages arranged in parallel to each other, the air blower is maintained at a predetermined air flow rate and introduces gas into the flow passages of each of the plurality of adsorption modules, and the flow rate adjustment unit is a flow rate adjustment damper provided in each of the plurality of adsorption modules and capable of adjusting the flow rate of the gas introduced into the flow passages.
  • control unit causes the adsorption unit to adsorb carbon dioxide within a predetermined range excluding the minimum and maximum amounts of carbon dioxide that can be adsorbed by the adsorption unit.
  • control unit obtains the adsorption speed capacity from the amount of carbon dioxide adsorbed based on a numerical table that represents the adsorption speed capacity relative to the amount of carbon dioxide adsorbed in the adsorption unit.
  • the adsorption section has an adsorption speed capability that changes depending on the amount of carbon dioxide adsorbed, and by setting the gas flow rate to an optimum level for carbon dioxide adsorption, the blower section can be driven efficiently, thereby enabling energy savings.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide capture device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 relates to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2(a) is a graph showing the relationship between the passage of time and the amount of carbon dioxide adsorption by the adsorbent, FIG. 2(b) is a graph showing the relationship between the passage of time and the adsorption speed of carbon dioxide by the adsorbent, and FIG. 2(c) is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide adsorption by the adsorbent and the adsorption speed.
  • Figure 3 relates to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3(a) is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide adsorption by the adsorbent and the passage of time at multiple different types of air flow rates
  • Figure 3(b) is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide adsorption by the adsorbent and the passage of time at multiple different types of air flow rates.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between air flow velocity and pressure loss according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 relates to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5(a) is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide adsorbed by the adsorbent and the air flow velocity
  • FIG. 5(b) is a graph showing the relationship between the air flow velocity and the driving force of the blower.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the air flow rate adjustment process according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide capture device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart of an air flow rate adjustment process according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide capture device according to a second embodiment of the present invention, showing a state in which some of the blowers are stopped.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide capture device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the adsorption amount and adsorption speed of carbon dioxide in each of the adsorption modules according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the operation of each suction module according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the driving force of the blower in the fourth embodiment of the present invention and the carbon dioxide concentration of the air discharged from the flow passage, the relationship between the passage of time and the driving force of the blower, and the relationship between the passage of time and the carbon dioxide concentration of the air discharged from the flow passage.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the operation of each suction module according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the driving force of the blower in the fourth embodiment of the present invention and the carbon dioxide concentration of the air discharged from the flow passage, the relationship between the passage of time and the driving force of the blower, and the relationship between the passage of time and the carbon dioxide
  • FIG. 14 is a graph showing the relationship between the driving force of the blower and the carbon dioxide concentration of the air discharged from the flow passage when adjusting the driving force of the blower according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of adsorption of carbon dioxide and the elapsed time when the temperature of the air introduced into the flow passage is changed according to another embodiment.
  • Figure 16 relates to another embodiment, and Figure 16(a) is a graph showing the relationship between the elapsed time and the amount of carbon dioxide adsorption when the adsorbent has deteriorated, and Figure 16(b) is a graph showing the relationship between the elapsed time and the amount of carbon dioxide adsorption when the upper limit of the working capacity is lowered.
  • Figure 18 is a perspective view of a heat exchanger for heating an adsorbent according to another embodiment.
  • Figure 18 relates to another embodiment, where Figure 18(a) is a graph showing the relationship between the elapsed time and the amount of carbon dioxide adsorption when the upper and lower limits of the working capacity are displaced in a direction approaching the equilibrium adsorption amount, and Figure 18(b) is a graph showing the relationship between the elapsed time and the amount of carbon dioxide adsorption when the upper and lower limits of the working capacity are displaced in a direction away from the equilibrium adsorption amount.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide capture device
  • Fig. 2(a) is a graph showing the relationship between time and the amount of carbon dioxide adsorbed by the adsorbent
  • Fig. 2(b) is a graph showing the relationship between time and the adsorption speed of carbon dioxide by the adsorbent
  • Fig. 2(c) is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide adsorbed by the adsorbent and the adsorption speed
  • Fig. 3(a) is a graph showing the relationship between time and the amount of carbon dioxide adsorbed by the adsorbent at a plurality of different air volumes
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide capture device
  • Fig. 2(a) is a graph showing the relationship between time and the amount of carbon dioxide adsorbed by the adsorbent
  • Fig. 2(b) is a graph showing the relationship between time and the adsorption speed of carbon dioxide by the adsorbent
  • FIG. 3(b) is a graph showing the relationship between time and the adsorption speed of carbon dioxide by the adsorbent at a plurality of different air volumes
  • Fig. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the air flow rate and pressure loss
  • Fig. 5(a) is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide adsorbed by the adsorbent and the air flow rate
  • Fig. 5(b) is a graph showing the relationship between the air flow rate and the driving force of the blower
  • Fig. 6 is a flowchart of an air flow rate adjustment process.
  • the carbon dioxide capture device 1 of this embodiment is applied to direct air capture (DAC) technology, which captures carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in order to reduce the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere.
  • DAC direct air capture
  • the carbon dioxide captured by the carbon dioxide capture device 1 can be stored underground or reused as fuel or material, for example.
  • the carbon dioxide capture device 1 includes a main body 10 having a flow passage 11 through which air flows, a blower 20 as an air blowing section and flow rate adjusting section for introducing air into the flow passage 11, an adsorption section 30 disposed in the flow passage 11 for adsorbing carbon dioxide contained in the air introduced into the flow passage 11, and a control section 40 for adjusting the flow rate of air introduced into the flow passage 11 by controlling the driving force K of the blower 20.
  • the main body 10 is made of a box-shaped member with a flow passage 11 extending linearly inside.
  • the main body 10 is formed with an air inlet 11a for introducing air into the flow passage 11, and an air outlet 11b for discharging the air introduced into the flow passage 11.
  • An inlet side opening/closing damper 12 for opening and closing the air inlet 11a is provided on the edge of the air inlet 11a of the main body 10.
  • an outlet side opening/closing damper 13 for opening and closing the air outlet 11b is provided on the edge of the air outlet 11b of the main body 10.
  • the blower 20 is, for example, an axial blower driven by an electric motor, and is disposed downstream in the air flow direction of the flow passage 11.
  • the blower 20 has a driving force adjustment unit, for example an inverter, that can change the driving force K of the electric motor, and the air volume can be adjusted by adjusting the driving force K.
  • the adsorption section 30 is constructed by carrying an amine-based adsorbent on a plate-shaped base material that is permeable to air.
  • the adsorption section 30 has a larger air contact area than the cross-sectional area of the flow passage 11 by arranging multiple plate-shaped base materials at an angle to the air flow direction.
  • the adsorption section 30 is provided with a heater (not shown) for heating the adsorbent when desorbing the adsorbed carbon dioxide.
  • the control unit 40 has a CPU, ROM, RAM, etc.
  • the CPU reads out a program stored in the ROM based on the input signal, stores in the RAM the state detected by the input signal, and transmits an output signal to a device connected to the output side.
  • a flow rate sensor 41 for detecting the flow rate of air introduced into the flow passage 11
  • an inlet side carbon dioxide concentration sensor 42 for detecting the concentration of carbon dioxide contained in the air introduced into the flow passage 11
  • an outlet side carbon dioxide concentration sensor 43 for detecting the concentration of carbon dioxide contained in the air exhausted from the flow passage 11.
  • the blower 20 is also connected to the output side of the control unit 40.
  • the carbon dioxide capture device 1 configured as described above alternates between a capture mode in which the carbon dioxide contained in the air is adsorbed by the adsorption unit 30 and captured, and a desorption mode in which the carbon dioxide adsorbed by the adsorption unit 30 is desorbed.
  • the inlet side opening/closing damper 12 opens the air inlet 11a of the flow passage 11, and the exhaust side opening/closing damper 13 opens the air exhaust port 11b of the flow passage 11, and the blower 20 is driven.
  • the inlet side opening/closing damper 12 closes the air inlet 11a of the flow passage 11, and the exhaust side opening/closing damper 13 closes the air exhaust port 11b of the flow passage 11, and the blower 20 is stopped. Furthermore, in the desorption mode, the adsorption section 30 is heated by a heater (not shown), and the flow passage 11 is evacuated by a vacuum pump (not shown), thereby desorbing the carbon dioxide adsorbed in the adsorption section 30.
  • the blower 20 adjusts the air volume according to the amount of carbon dioxide adsorbed by the adsorption section 30.
  • the relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide adsorbed by the adsorbent of the adsorption section 30 and the air volume of the blower 20 is explained below.
  • the carbon dioxide capture device 1 starts the capture mode from an adsorption amount QL that is 0.2 times the equilibrium adsorption amount Q * of the adsorbent, and ends the capture mode at an adsorption amount QH that is 0.8 times the equilibrium adsorption amount Q * .
  • the carbon dioxide capture device 1 starts the desorption mode from an adsorption amount QH that is 0.8 times the equilibrium adsorption amount Q * of the adsorbent, and ends the desorption mode at an adsorption amount QL that is 0.2 times the equilibrium adsorption amount Q * .
  • the working capacity is not limited to the range from 0.2 times the adsorption amount QL to 0.8 times the adsorption amount QH of the equilibrium adsorption amount Q * , but may be within a predetermined range excluding the minimum and maximum values of the adsorption amount of carbon dioxide that can be adsorbed by the adsorbent.
  • the working capacity may be, for example, within a range of 0.1 times the equilibrium adsorption amount Q * of the adsorbent, that is, QL , to 0.9 times the equilibrium adsorption amount Q* of the adsorbent, that is, QH .
  • the adsorption speed V Q at which the adsorption amount Q L of carbon dioxide reaches the lower limit of the working capacity is 0.157 (mol/kg/s), as shown in Figure 2 (b).
  • the air flow rate adjusted so that the adsorption speed becomes 0.157 (mol/kg/s) at the start of adsorption of carbon dioxide into the adsorbent is defined as the reference air flow rate F Air_normal (mol/kg/s).
  • Fig. 3(a) is a graph showing the relationship between time t and the amount of carbon dioxide adsorption Q for each of a plurality of different types of airflow F.
  • Fig. 3(b) is a graph showing the relationship between time t and the carbon dioxide adsorption speed VQ for each of a plurality of different types of airflow F.
  • the blower 20 is driven at high speed when the amount of carbon dioxide adsorption Q of the adsorption section 30 is small (lower limit of working capacity) and driven at low speed when the amount of carbon dioxide adsorption Q is large (upper limit of working capacity).
  • the air flow speed in the flow passage 11 decreases as the amount of carbon dioxide adsorption Q of the adsorption section 30 increases
  • the driving force of the blower 20 decreases as the air flow speed in the flow passage 11 decreases.
  • the control unit 40 performs an air flow rate adjustment process in which, in the recovery mode, the air volume of the blower 20 is controlled to adjust the flow rate of air introduced into the flow passage 11 based on the relationship between the adsorbent and the air flow rate described above.
  • the operation of the control unit 40 at this time is explained using the flowchart in FIG. 6.
  • Step S1 the control unit 40 determines whether the operating mode is the recovery mode or not, and if it determines that the operating mode is the recovery mode, proceeds to step S2, and if it does not determine that the operating mode is the recovery mode, repeats the processing of step S1.
  • Step S2 When it is determined in step S1 that the operation mode is the capture mode, the control unit 40 estimates the current adsorption amount ⁇ ( ⁇ Q ads ) of carbon dioxide in the adsorption unit 30 in step S2, and proceeds to step S3.
  • the amount of carbon dioxide adsorption ⁇ ( ⁇ Q ads ) in the adsorption section 30 is estimated based on the air flow rate F Air introduced into the flow passage 11 detected by the flow sensor 41, the carbon dioxide concentration C in of the air introduced into the flow passage 11 detected by the inlet side carbon dioxide concentration sensor 42, and the carbon dioxide concentration C out of the air discharged from the flow passage 11 detected by the exhaust side carbon dioxide concentration sensor 43.
  • Step S3 the control unit 40 calculates the adsorption speed capability VQ based on the current adsorption amount ⁇ ( ⁇ Q ads ) of carbon dioxide estimated in step S2, and moves the process to step S4.
  • the adsorption speed capacity VQ is calculated based on a numerical table that indicates the adsorption speed capacity VQ relative to the amount of adsorption of carbon dioxide ⁇ ( ⁇ Q ads ) in the adsorption section 30 .
  • Step S4 the control unit 40 determines the flow rate F Air of air to be introduced into the flow passage 11 based on the adsorption speed capability V Q calculated in step S3, and proceeds to step S5.
  • Step S5 the control unit 40 sets the driving force K of the blower 20 based on the air flow rate F Air to be introduced into the flow passage 11 determined in step S4, and proceeds to step S6.
  • Step S6 the control unit 40 determines whether the current carbon dioxide adsorption amount ⁇ ( ⁇ Q ads ) is equal to or greater than the upper limit QH of the working capacity. If it determines that the adsorption amount ⁇ ( ⁇ Q ads ) is equal to or greater than the upper limit QH of the working capacity, it proceeds to step S7. If it does not determine that the adsorption amount ⁇ ( ⁇ Q ads ) is equal to or greater than the upper limit QH of the working capacity, it returns to step S2.
  • Step S7 If it is determined in step S6 that the current adsorption amount ⁇ ( ⁇ Q ads ) of carbon dioxide is equal to or greater than the upper limit QH of the working capacity, the control unit 40 switches the operation mode to the desorption mode in step S7, and proceeds to step S8.
  • Step S8 the control unit 40 determines whether or not a stop command has been input, and if it determines that a stop command has been input, proceeds to step S9, and if it determines that a stop command has not been input, returns to step S1.
  • Step S9 If it is determined in step S8 that the stop command has been input, the control unit 40 stops the carbon dioxide capture device 1 in step S9 and ends the air flow rate adjustment process.
  • the carbon dioxide capture device 1 of the present embodiment includes a main body 10 having a flow passage 11 through which air containing carbon dioxide flows, a blower 20 that introduces air into the flow passage 11, an adsorption unit 30 that is disposed in the flow passage 11 and adsorbs carbon dioxide contained in the gas introduced into the flow passage 11, a driving force adjustment unit provided in the blower 20 that adjusts the flow rate of air introduced into the flow passage 11, and a control unit 40 that adjusts the flow rate of gas introduced into the flow passage 11 by the driving force adjustment unit based on changes in adsorption rate capacity VQ , which is the amount of carbon dioxide that can be adsorbed per unit time, and which changes according to the amount of carbon dioxide adsorbed in the adsorption unit.
  • VQ adsorption rate capacity
  • the adsorption section 30 has an adsorbent whose adsorption rate capability VQ decreases as the adsorption amount Q of carbon dioxide increases, and the control section 40 reduces the flow rate of the gas introduced into the flow passage 11 by the driving force adjustment section as the adsorption rate capability VQ decreases.
  • a recovery process in which carbon dioxide is adsorbed in the adsorption section 30 and a desorption process in which the carbon dioxide adsorbed in the adsorption section 30 in the recovery process is desorbed are repeatedly performed in an alternating manner, and in each of the repeated recovery processes, the driving force of the blower 20 constituting the blowing section is reduced so that the flow rate of air to the adsorption section 30 is reduced over time.
  • the blower 20 can be driven efficiently, thereby making it possible to save energy.
  • the flow rate adjustment unit is a blower 20 that constitutes the blowing unit, and adjusts the flow rate of air introduced into the flow passage 11 by adjusting the driving force K.
  • the control unit 40 also causes the adsorption unit 30 to adsorb carbon dioxide within a predetermined range (working capacity) excluding the minimum and maximum values of the amount Q of carbon dioxide that the adsorption unit 30 can adsorb.
  • adsorption section 30 This allows the adsorption section 30 to adsorb carbon dioxide stably, regardless of the maximum adsorption amount Q and adsorption speed capability VQ of the adsorption section 30, which vary depending on environmental conditions.
  • control unit 40 obtains the adsorption rate capacity VQ from the adsorption amount Q based on a numerical value table that indicates the adsorption rate capacity VQ relative to the adsorption amount Q of carbon dioxide in the adsorption unit 30 .
  • Second Embodiment 7 to 9 show a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide capture device
  • Fig. 8 is a flowchart of an air flow rate adjustment process
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the carbon dioxide capture device showing a state in which some of the blowers are stopped. Note that the same components as those in the above embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
  • the carbon dioxide capture device 1 is provided with multiple blowers 20 as a blowing section and a flow rate adjusting section downstream of the air flow direction of the flow passage 11 of the main body 10.
  • a discharge side carbon dioxide concentration sensor 43 and a discharge side opening/closing damper 13 are provided downstream of each of the multiple blowers 20 in the main body 10.
  • control unit 40 performs an air flow rate adjustment process in the capture mode, controlling the number of operating blowers 20 and the air volume of the blowers 20 to adjust the flow rate of air introduced into the flow passage 11.
  • the operation of the control unit 40 at this time with respect to the parts that differ from the first embodiment, will be explained using the flowchart in FIG. 8.
  • Step S5-1 the control unit 40 determines the number of fans 20 to be operated based on the air flow rate F Air to be introduced into the flow passage 11 determined in step S4, and proceeds to step S5-2 or step S5-3.
  • Step S5-2 In step S5-2, if the number of operating fans 20 determined in step S5-1 is one, the control unit 40 sets the driving force K of the fan 20 to be driven, and proceeds to step S6.
  • Step S5-3 if the number of operating fans determined in step S5-1 is multiple, the control unit 40 sets the number of fans 20 to be driven and the driving force K of each of the fans 20 to be driven, and proceeds to step S6.
  • the blower 20 can be driven efficiently, thereby making it possible to save energy.
  • the blowing section is made up of multiple blowers 20, and the flow rate adjustment section adjusts the number of blowers 20 to be driven out of the multiple blowers 20.
  • Figures 10 to 12 show a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide capture device
  • Figure 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide adsorbed and the adsorption speed of each adsorption module
  • Figure 12 is a diagram explaining the operation of each adsorption module. Note that the same components as those in the previous embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
  • the carbon dioxide capture device 1 of this embodiment has a main body 10 and an adsorption section 30, and is equipped with multiple adsorption modules (MOD.1, MOD.2, MOD.3, MOD.4, and MOD.5 in FIG. 10) whose flow passages 11 are arranged in parallel with each other.
  • MOD.1, MOD.2, MOD.3, MOD.4, and MOD.5 in FIG. 10 whose flow passages 11 are arranged in parallel with each other.
  • the carbon dioxide capture device 1 is provided with one air exhaust port 11b for each of the adsorption modules, and an exhaust side opening/closing damper 13 is provided on the edge of the air exhaust port 11b.
  • the carbon dioxide capture device 1 is arranged as a blower downstream of the flow passages 11 of the multiple adsorption modules, and one blower 20 is arranged for each of the multiple adsorption modules.
  • an opening adjustment damper 14 is provided as a flow rate adjustment section that opens and closes the flow passage 11 of each of the multiple suction modules in an adjustable manner.
  • Each of the multiple adsorption modules of the carbon dioxide capture device 1 configured as described above operates by switching between capture mode and desorption mode.
  • the carbon dioxide capture device 1 is configured with five adsorption modules as shown in FIG. 10.
  • the carbon dioxide capture device 1 with five adsorption modules four adsorption modules (MOD.1, MOD.2, MOD.3, MOD.4 in FIG. 10) are operated in capture mode, and one adsorption module (MOD.5 in FIG. 10) is operated in desorption mode.
  • the opening of the opening adjustment damper 14 of each of the multiple adsorption modules is adjusted so that the air flow rate F Air introduced into the flow passage 11 corresponds to the adsorption speed capacity VQ of the adsorption section 30.
  • the four adsorption modules in the recovery mode start the recovery mode at different times, so that the adsorption rate capacities VQ of each are different, as shown in the graph of FIG. 11 showing the relationship between the adsorption amount Q of carbon dioxide and the adsorption rate capacity VQ , and the timing for switching from the recovery mode to the desorption mode is made different.
  • FIG. 12 shows the change over time of the air flow rate F Air introduced into the flow passage 11 in each adsorption module.
  • the size of the white arrow of each adsorption module in FIG. 12 indicates the size of the air flow rate F Air .
  • the adsorption modules operating in the desorption mode are switched over in the order of MOD. 5, MOD. 4, MOD. 3, MOD. 2, and MOD. 1 over time.
  • the adsorption modules in the recovery mode are adjusted so that their air flow rates F Air are different.
  • the total flow rate of air supplied to each of the multiple adsorption modules is always constant.
  • the blower 20 is driven with a constant driving force K.
  • the blower 20 can be driven efficiently, thereby making it possible to save energy.
  • the device also includes a plurality of adsorption modules, each having a main body 10 and an adsorption unit 30, with their respective flow passages 11 arranged in parallel to one another, the air blowing unit is maintained at a predetermined air flow rate and introduces gas into each of the flow passages 11 of the plurality of adsorption modules, and the flow rate adjustment unit is a flow rate adjustment damper provided in each of the plurality of adsorption modules and capable of adjusting the flow rate of the gas introduced into the flow passage 11.
  • the optimal flow rate of air can be circulated through the flow passage 11 in each adsorption module, and since there is no need to change the air volume, the blower 20 can be operated more efficiently.
  • FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the driving force of the blower and the carbon dioxide concentration of the air discharged from the flow passage, the relationship between the passage of time and the driving force of the blower, and the relationship between the passage of time and the carbon dioxide concentration of the air discharged from the flow passage
  • Fig. 14 is a graph showing the relationship between the driving force of the blower and the carbon dioxide concentration of the air discharged from the flow passage when the driving force of the blower is adjusted. Note that the same components as those in the above embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
  • the carbon dioxide capture device 1 of this embodiment has a similar configuration to the first embodiment ( Figure 1).
  • control unit 40 detects the carbon dioxide concentration C OUT of the air discharged from the flow passage 11 using the discharge side carbon dioxide concentration sensor 43, and adjusts the amount of air introduced into the flow passage 11 by adjusting the driving force K of the blower 20 so that the detected carbon dioxide concentration C OUT of the air becomes the target carbon dioxide concentration C OBJ.
  • the upper part of Fig. 13 shows the relationship between the driving force of the blower 20 and the target carbon dioxide concentration C OBJ in the case where the time required for the recovery mode in which the adsorption unit 30 adsorbs carbon dioxide from the lower limit QL to the upper limit QH of the working capacity is 8000 seconds with the flow rate of air introduced into the flow passage 11 set as the reference air flow rate.
  • the upper part of Fig. 13 shows that at the time point of 1000 seconds, the adsorption speed capability VQ of the adsorption unit 30 is large, and therefore the driving force K of the blower 20 that achieves the target carbon dioxide concentration C OBJ is large.
  • the driving force K of the blower 20 decreases over time as shown in the middle part of Fig. 13. Also, the carbon dioxide concentration C out of the air discharged from the flow passage 11 converges to 80 ppm over time as shown in the lower part of Fig. 13.
  • the relationship between the driving force K of the blower 20 and the carbon dioxide concentration C OUT of the air discharged from the flow passage 11 changes due to a decrease in the carbon dioxide adsorption power of the adsorption unit 30 caused by aging of the adsorption unit 30, such as a decrease in the carbon dioxide adsorption performance of the adsorbent, or due to aging of the blower 20.
  • the relationship between the driving force K of the blower 20 and the carbon dioxide concentration C OUT due to aging of the adsorption unit 30 and the blower 20 changes over time in the order of curve (a), curve (b), and curve (c), and the driving force K of the blower 20 required to achieve the carbon dioxide concentration C OUT increases.
  • the carbon dioxide concentration C OUT of the air discharged from the flow passage 11 is maintained at the target carbon dioxide concentration C OBJ by adjusting the driving force K of the blower 20.
  • the carbon dioxide capture device 1 of the present embodiment includes a main body 10 having a flow passage through which gas containing carbon dioxide flows, a blower 20 that introduces gas into the flow passage 11, an adsorption unit 30 that is disposed in the flow passage 11 and adsorbs carbon dioxide contained in the air introduced into the flow passage 11, a driving force adjustment unit provided in the blower 20 that adjusts the flow rate of air introduced into the flow passage 11, a discharge side carbon dioxide concentration sensor 43 that detects the concentration C out of carbon dioxide contained in the air discharged from the flow passage 11, and a control unit 40 that adjusts the flow rate of gas introduced into the flow passage 11 by the driving force adjustment unit of the blower 20 so that the concentration C out of carbon dioxide contained in the air discharged from the flow passage 11 detected by the discharge side carbon dioxide concentration sensor 43 becomes a predetermined carbon dioxide concentration C obj .
  • the flow rate adjustment unit is a blower 20, which adjusts the flow rate of air introduced into the flow passage 11 by adjusting the driving force.
  • the carbon dioxide capture device 1 is shown having one blower 20 as the blowing section, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the present invention can be applied to the carbon dioxide capture device 1 of the second embodiment having a plurality of blowers 20 as the blowing section.
  • the flow rate of air introduced into the flow passage 11 may be adjusted by adjusting the number of blowers 20 to be driven among the plurality of blowers 20 so that the carbon dioxide concentration C OUT of the air discharged from the flow passage 11 becomes the target carbon dioxide concentration C OBJ .
  • the flow rate of air introduced into the flow passage 11 of each adsorption module may be adjusted by adjusting the opening of the flow passage 11 of each of the plurality of adsorption modules using an opening adjustment damper 14 so that the carbon dioxide concentration C OUT of the air discharged from the flow passage 11 becomes the target carbon dioxide concentration C OBJ .
  • the driving force K of the blower 20 is controlled based on the flow rate of air introduced into the flow passage 11 detected by the flow rate sensor 41.
  • the carbon dioxide capture device also includes a numerical table showing the relationship between the relative humidity and the amount of adsorbed moisture for the adsorbent in the adsorption section, and the relationship between the temperature and the amount of adsorbed moisture, and in the desorption mode, applies to the heat absorption section the amount of heat required to desorb the carbon dioxide adsorbed by the adsorption section and the amount of heat required to desorb the moisture adsorbed by the adsorption section.
  • carbon dioxide and moisture are desorbed from the heat absorption section by supplying low-pressure superheated steam at 5 kPa and 81°C (relative humidity 10%) to the heat absorption section.
  • the equilibrium adsorption amount of carbon dioxide in the adsorption section in the capture mode decreases, and the time until the upper limit QH of the working capacity is reached may become longer.
  • the amount of heat required to heat the heat absorption section in the desorption mode becomes smaller. In such a case, it is possible to maintain the range of the working capacity by extending the operation time in the capture mode and extending the operation time of the blower. This makes it possible to suppress the decrease in the adsorption amount of carbon dioxide in the capture mode.
  • the equilibrium adsorption amount of carbon dioxide in the adsorption section in the capture mode increases, and the time to reach the upper limit QH of the working capacity may become shorter.
  • the amount of heat required to heat the heat absorption section in the desorption mode increases. In such a case, it is possible to maintain the range of the working capacity by shortening the operation time in the capture mode and shortening the operation time of the blower. This makes it possible to suppress the decrease in the adsorption amount of carbon dioxide in the capture mode.
  • the carbon dioxide capture device when the equilibrium adsorption amount Q * of carbon dioxide decreases due to deterioration of the adsorbent of the adsorption section over time, the time T ads_d to reach the upper limit QH of the working capacity in the capture mode becomes longer than the reference time T ads , as shown in FIG. 16(a).
  • the carbon dioxide capture device increases the amount of energy required to drive the blower, and the total amount of carbon dioxide captured decreases. For this reason, the carbon dioxide capture device determines that the life of the adsorption section has expired when the time to reach the upper limit QH of the working capacity is equal to or longer than a predetermined time.
  • the carbon dioxide capture device can operate normally by replacing the adsorption section based on the determination of the life of the adsorption section.
  • the carbon dioxide capture apparatus may lower the upper limit QH of the working capacity to the upper limit QH_d as shown in FIG. 16(b). In this case, the carbon dioxide capture apparatus lowers the upper limit of the working capacity by repeating the capture mode. For this reason, the carbon dioxide capture apparatus determines that the life of the adsorption section has expired when the upper limit of the working capacity is equal to or less than a predetermined value.
  • the carbon dioxide capture apparatus can operate normally by replacing the adsorption section based on the determination of the life of the adsorption section.
  • the carbon dioxide capture device may also have a heat exchanger 50, which is made up of a tube 51 through which a refrigerant flows and a number of fins 52 provided on the outer circumferential surface of the tube 51, disposed in the adsorbent, as shown in FIG. 17.
  • a heat exchanger 50 which is made up of a tube 51 through which a refrigerant flows and a number of fins 52 provided on the outer circumferential surface of the tube 51, disposed in the adsorbent, as shown in FIG. 17.
  • the adsorbent is held in the gaps between the multiple fins 52 that make up the heat exchanger 50, making it possible to suppress uneven distribution of the granular adsorbent.
  • the degree of uneven distribution of the adsorbent can be determined based on the relationship between the work and rotation speed of the blower, and if the degree of uneven distribution of the adsorbent exceeds a predetermined range, the adsorbent can be replenished in the adsorption section to remove the uneven distribution of the adsorbent in the adsorption section.
  • the carbon dioxide capture device may also control the air volume of the blower based on the difference between the required air volume, which is the volume of air required to be introduced into the flow passage, and the actual volume of air introduced into the flow passage, so that the actual volume of air introduced into the flow passage becomes the required air volume.
  • the air volume of the blower increases as a result of repeated operation in the capture mode, the carbon dioxide capture device determines that a problem has occurred with the blower, such as dirt.
  • the carbon dioxide capture device can perform maintenance on the blower based on the determination of a blower problem, enabling normal operation.
  • the integration error accumulates by repeating the capture mode and the desorption mode.
  • the difference between the upper limit QH of the working capacity and the equilibrium adsorption amount Q * becomes small, so the adsorption rate of carbon dioxide decreases, and the operation time T ads in the capture mode becomes long.
  • the lower limit QL and the upper limit QH of the working capacity are displaced in a direction away from the equilibrium adsorption amount Q * as shown in FIG.
  • the carbon dioxide capture device may be configured to desorb carbon dioxide until the amount Q of carbon dioxide adsorption in the adsorption section approaches 0, and then to operate in a reset mode in which carbon dioxide is adsorbed until the amount Q of carbon dioxide adsorption in the adsorption section reaches the lower limit Q L of the working capacity, and then to perform the capture mode.
  • the reset mode may be performed after operations in the capture mode and the desorption mode are repeated a predetermined number of times.
  • the carbon dioxide capture device 1 captures carbon dioxide from the air, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the carbon dioxide capture device of the present invention may be used, for example, to capture carbon dioxide contained in gas discharged from a boiler.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de récupération de dioxyde de carbone qui peut économiser de l'énergie en entraînant de manière efficace une soufflante d'air pendant la récupération de dioxyde de carbone.　La présente invention comprend : un corps principal 10 comportant une voie d'écoulement 11 dans laquelle de l'air contenant du dioxyde de carbone s'écoule ; une soufflante d'air 20 qui introduit l'air dans la voie d'écoulement 11 ; une unité d'adsorption 30 qui est disposée dans la voie d'écoulement 11 et adsorbe le dioxyde de carbone contenu dans le gaz introduit dans la voie d'écoulement 11 ; une unité de réglage de force d'entraînement qui est ménagée sur la soufflante d'air 20 et règle le débit d'air introduit dans la voie d'écoulement 11 ; et une unité de commande 40 qui règle le débit de gaz introduit dans le voie d'écoulement 11 au moyen de l'unité de réglage de force d'entraînement sur la base d'un changement de capacité de taux d'adsorption VQ c'est-à-dire la quantité de dioxyde de carbone qui peut être adsorbée par unité de temps, qui change en fonction de la quantité de dioxyde de carbone adsorbée dans l'unité d'adsorption.
PCT/JP2023/038156 2022-11-11 2023-10-23 Dispositif de récupération de dioxyde de carbone WO2024101124A1 (fr)

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JP2022-181104 2022-11-11
JP2022181104 2022-11-11

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WO2024101124A1 true WO2024101124A1 (fr) 2024-05-16

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH10180027A (ja) * 1996-12-26 1998-07-07 Kawasaki Steel Corp 吸着塔切替時の圧力制御方法
JP2010184229A (ja) * 2009-01-19 2010-08-26 Hitachi Ltd 二酸化炭素吸着材及びこれを用いた二酸化炭素回収装置
JP2017148757A (ja) * 2016-02-26 2017-08-31 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 ガス分離装置およびガス分離方法
JP2018187536A (ja) * 2017-04-28 2018-11-29 株式会社Ihi 二酸化炭素の回収システム及び回収方法
JP2022152472A (ja) * 2021-03-29 2022-10-12 本田技研工業株式会社 内燃機関のｃｏ２分離装置
JP2022152076A (ja) * 2021-03-29 2022-10-12 本田技研工業株式会社 内燃機関のｃｏ２分離装置
JP2023146122A (ja) * 2022-03-29 2023-10-12 株式会社豊田中央研究所 回収装置、回収方法、および、コンピュータプログラム

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH10180027A (ja) * 1996-12-26 1998-07-07 Kawasaki Steel Corp 吸着塔切替時の圧力制御方法
JP2010184229A (ja) * 2009-01-19 2010-08-26 Hitachi Ltd 二酸化炭素吸着材及びこれを用いた二酸化炭素回収装置
JP2017148757A (ja) * 2016-02-26 2017-08-31 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 ガス分離装置およびガス分離方法
JP2018187536A (ja) * 2017-04-28 2018-11-29 株式会社Ihi 二酸化炭素の回収システム及び回収方法
JP2022152472A (ja) * 2021-03-29 2022-10-12 本田技研工業株式会社 内燃機関のｃｏ２分離装置
JP2022152076A (ja) * 2021-03-29 2022-10-12 本田技研工業株式会社 内燃機関のｃｏ２分離装置
JP2023146122A (ja) * 2022-03-29 2023-10-12 株式会社豊田中央研究所 回収装置、回収方法、および、コンピュータプログラム

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