WO2024092731A1 - 端盖、电池单体、电池和用电设备 - Google Patents
端盖、电池单体、电池和用电设备 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024092731A1 WO2024092731A1 PCT/CN2022/129921 CN2022129921W WO2024092731A1 WO 2024092731 A1 WO2024092731 A1 WO 2024092731A1 CN 2022129921 W CN2022129921 W CN 2022129921W WO 2024092731 A1 WO2024092731 A1 WO 2024092731A1
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- connection structure
- battery
- connecting structure
- electrode terminal
- connection
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 24
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- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/147—Lids or covers
- H01M50/155—Lids or covers characterised by the material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/543—Terminals
- H01M50/562—Terminals characterised by the material
Definitions
- the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to an end cover, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
- the embodiments of the present application provide an end cover, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device, which can increase the output current of the battery and thus improve the performance of the battery.
- an end cap comprising: a first connection structure and a second connection structure, wherein the first connection structure is connected to the second connection structure; the first connection structure comprises a first metal for welding connection to an electrode terminal; and the second connection structure comprises a second metal for welding connection to a busbar component.
- the electrode terminal is used for internal electrical connection of the battery
- the busbar is used for electrically connecting the battery to the outside.
- the material of the electrode terminal includes copper, and the first metal is copper or nickel-plated steel.
- the electrode terminal including copper can be directly welded to the first connection structure.
- the electrode terminal and the first connection structure are directly welded to achieve better current transmission and avoid current loss, thereby increasing the current flowing from the battery to the outside.
- the material of the busbar component includes aluminum, and the second metal is aluminum.
- the busbar component containing aluminum when the busbar component includes aluminum and the second metal in the second connection structure is aluminum, the busbar component containing aluminum can be directly welded to the second connection structure.
- Aluminum is cheap and easy to obtain.
- the cost of the battery can be reduced, which is conducive to application in large-scale production; and by making the second metal in the second connection structure aluminum, a good connection between the battery and the outside can be achieved, avoiding current loss, thereby increasing the current flowing from the battery to the outside.
- the first connecting structure is embedded in the second connecting structure.
- the first connection structure is centered on the second connection structure and is symmetrically distributed at two ends of the second connection structure.
- the battery includes two electrode terminals, and the first connection structure is distributed at both ends of the second connection structure, that is, the two electrode terminals are electrically connected to the first connection structure.
- the first connection structure is distributed at both ends of the second connection structure with the second connection structure as the center, the first connection structures distributed at both ends can be electrically connected to the two electrode terminals, further improving the electrical connection effect between the first connection structure and the electrode terminals.
- the second connection structure is a columnar structure with step structures at both ends, and the first connection structure is embedded in the step structure.
- the first connection structure when the two ends of the second connection structure have a step structure, can be embedded in the step structure, so that the first connection structure is symmetrically distributed at the two ends of the second connection structure with the second connection structure as the center, thereby realizing electrical connection between the electrode terminal and the first connection structure.
- the second connecting structure is embedded in the first connecting structure.
- the second connection structure is located in the middle of the first connection structure.
- the first connection structure is used to electrically connect to the electrode terminal
- the second connection structure is used to electrically connect the battery to the outside.
- the first connection structure is a columnar structure having a groove in the middle, and the second connection structure is embedded in the groove.
- the second connection structure when there is a groove in the middle of the first connection structure, the second connection structure can be embedded in the groove.
- first connection structure and the second connection structure are connected by thermal bonding.
- the end cap structure connected by thermal recombination has a small internal resistance. That is, when the first connection structure and the second connection structure are connected by thermal recombination, the current can be better transferred from the first connection structure to the second connection structure, achieving a larger current transfer between the battery and the outside, thereby improving the battery performance.
- a size of the first connection structure is not less than 2 mm, and the first direction is perpendicular to an axis of the end cover.
- the first connection structure and the electrode terminal cannot achieve a good connection.
- the size of the first connection structure in the first direction not less than 2 mm, the first connection structure and the electrode terminal can be firmly connected, thereby achieving a good electrical connection.
- a size of the second connection structure is not less than 5 mm.
- the second connection structure is connected to the busbar to realize the electrical connection between the battery and the outside. If the size of the second connection structure in the first direction is less than 5 mm, the connection between the second connection structure and the busbar is not firm. By making the size of the second connection structure in the first direction not less than 5 mm, the stable connection between the second connection structure and the busbar can be ensured.
- a size of the first connection structure is not less than 0.8 mm, and the second direction is parallel to the axis of the end cover.
- the first connection structure needs to be connected to the second connection structure to ensure the normal transmission of current. If the size of the first connection structure in the second direction is too small, the first connection structure and the second connection structure will not be firmly connected. By making the size of the first connection structure in the second direction not less than 0.8 mm, the connection between the first connection structure and the second connection structure can be firmly connected.
- a size of the second connection structure is not less than 2 mm.
- the second connection structure needs to be connected to the busbar component to realize the electrical connection between the battery and the outside.
- the size of the second connection structure in the second direction not less than 2 mm, the stable connection between the second connection structure and the busbar component can be ensured.
- a battery cell comprising: an electrode assembly; a shell having a housing cavity for accommodating the electrode assembly; a top cover, the top cover being provided with a first terminal hole; a first electrode terminal installed in the first terminal hole, a surface of the first electrode terminal facing away from the electrode assembly being provided with a recess; and an end cover according to any one of the above embodiments, the end cover covering the recess.
- the device further includes: a bottom cover having a second terminal hole; and a second electrode terminal installed in the second terminal hole, wherein the second electrode terminal and the first electrode terminal are arranged opposite to each other.
- a first electrode terminal and a second electrode terminal are provided, and the two electrode terminals are respectively the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell and are used to output current to ensure that the battery outputs current normally.
- a battery comprising a plurality of battery cells according to the above embodiments; and a busbar component, wherein the busbar component is used to electrically connect the plurality of battery cells.
- an electrical device comprising the battery in the above embodiment, and the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
- FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell according to another embodiment of the present application.
- FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of an end cover according to an embodiment of the present application.
- Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view along line D-D of Fig. 5;
- Fig. 7 is another cross-sectional view along line D-D of Fig. 5;
- Box body 10 battery cell 20, end cover 21, top cover 22, negative electrode adapter 23, electrode assembly 24, shell 25, positive electrode adapter 26, bottom cover 27, aluminum nail 28, electrode terminal 29;
- First connection structure 211 second connection structure 212 , first electrode terminal 291 , second electrode terminal 292 , first direction X, second direction Y.
- a and/or B can represent: A exists, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists.
- the character "/" in this application generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.
- the battery in the embodiment of the present application can be a lithium ion battery, a lithium metal battery, a lead-acid battery, a nickel-ion battery, a nickel-hydrogen battery, a lithium-sulfur battery, a lithium-air battery or a sodium ion battery, etc., and the embodiment of the present application does not make specific limitations on this.
- multiple battery cells in the battery can be connected in series, in parallel or in hybrid connection, where hybrid connection refers to a mixture of series and parallel connection.
- multiple battery cells can be connected in series, in parallel or in hybrid connection to form a battery module, and multiple battery modules can be connected in series, in parallel or in hybrid connection to form a battery.
- multiple battery cells can be directly formed into a battery, or they can be first formed into a battery module, and the battery module can then be formed into a battery.
- the battery is further arranged in an electrical device to provide electrical energy for the electrical device.
- Power batteries are being used more and more widely.
- Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power and solar power stations, but are also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric cars, as well as military equipment and aerospace and other fields. With the continuous expansion of the application field of power batteries, the market demand is also constantly expanding.
- the existing cylindrical battery cells generally have only one electrode terminal, and the materials connected to the external module's busbar are nickel-plated steel and aluminum, respectively, while the module's busbars are mostly made of aluminum bars, nickel sheets or nickel-plated materials. Therefore, when current is generated inside the cylindrical battery cell, the current must first pass through the cylindrical battery cell shell, and the shell has a high internal resistance, which causes the output current of the cylindrical battery cell to become smaller, thereby reducing the performance of the cylindrical battery cell.
- the embodiment of the present application provides an end cap, which can be used in a cylindrical battery with two positive and negative electrode terminals to achieve that both the positive and negative electrode terminals can be directly electrically connected to the converging component, so that the current flows directly from the electrode terminals to the outside without passing through the battery cell housing, thereby increasing the output current of the battery cell and improving the battery performance.
- end cap provided in this application is suitable for cylindrical batteries, especially the 4680 structure of cylindrical batteries, but this application is not limited to this.
- the battery cells disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used, but not limited to, in electrical devices such as vehicles, ships or aircraft.
- a power supply system comprising the battery cells and batteries disclosed in the present application can be used to form the electrical device, thereby increasing the current of the cylindrical battery cells in the power supply system and improving the performance of the cylindrical battery cells.
- the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present application are applicable to various battery-using devices, such as mobile phones, portable devices, laptop computers, electric vehicles, electric toys, electric tools, electric vehicles, ships and spacecraft, etc.
- electric toys may include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
- spacecraft may include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spacecraft, etc.
- FIG1 it is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle 1000 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
- the vehicle 1000 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
- a battery 100 is provided inside the vehicle 1000, and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000.
- the battery 100 may be used to power the vehicle 1000, for example, the battery 100 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000.
- the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300, and the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to power the motor 300, for example, for the starting, navigation and working power requirements of the vehicle 1000 during driving.
- the battery 100 can not only serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also serve as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.
- the battery 100 may include a plurality of battery cells 20.
- the battery 100 may also include a housing 10 (or a housing), the interior of the housing 10 being a hollow structure, and a plurality of battery cells 20 may be accommodated in the housing 10.
- the housing 10 may include two parts, which are respectively referred to as a first part 111 and a second part 112, and the first part 111 and the second part 112 are buckled together.
- the shapes of the first part 111 and the second part 112 may be determined according to the shapes of the combination of the plurality of battery cells 20, and the first part 111 and the second part 112 may each have an opening.
- the first part 111 and the second part 112 may both be hollow cuboids and each may have only one face as an opening face, the opening of the first part 111 and the opening of the second part 112 are arranged opposite to each other, and the first part 111 and the second part 112 are buckled together to form a housing 10 having a closed chamber.
- a plurality of battery cells 20 are connected in parallel, in series or in a mixed combination and are placed in a box formed by buckling the first part 111 and the second part 112 .
- the battery 100 there can be multiple battery cells 20, and the multiple battery cells 20 can be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection.
- the mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 20 are both connected in series and in parallel.
- the multiple battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection, and then the whole formed by the multiple battery cells 20 is accommodated in the box; of course, the battery 100 can also be a battery module formed by connecting multiple battery cells 20 in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection, and then the multiple battery modules are connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection to form a whole, and accommodated in the box.
- the battery 100 can also include other structures.
- the battery 100 can also include a converging component (not shown in the figure) for realizing electrical connection between the multiple battery cells 20.
- Each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, but is not limited thereto.
- FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application
- FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cell 20 according to another embodiment of the present application.
- the battery cell 20 may include an end cap 21, a top cap 22, a negative electrode adapter 23, an electrode assembly 24, a shell 25, a positive electrode adapter 26, a bottom cover 27 and an aluminum nail 28.
- the shell 25 and the end cap 21 form a shell or a battery box, and the wall of the shell 25 and the wall of the end cap 21 are both called the wall of the battery cell 20.
- the shell 25 is determined according to the shape after one or more electrode assemblies 24 are combined.
- the shell 25 is a hollow cylinder, and the end face of the shell 25 is an open face, that is, the end face does not have a wall body so that the shell 25 is connected inside and outside.
- the shell 25 of the cylindrical battery cell 20 has two circular end faces, and the cylinder is between the two circular end faces, and the cylinder part may include the electrode assembly 24.
- the top cover 22 and the bottom cover 27 cover the upper and lower openings and are connected to the shell 25 to form a closed cavity of the electrode assembly 24.
- the housing 25 is filled with an electrolyte, such as an electrolyte solution.
- the shell 25, the top cover 22 and the bottom cover 27 can be formed as one piece or can be made separately, and the present application does not limit this.
- the battery cell 20 also includes an electrode terminal 29, which is inserted into the top cover 22 and the bottom cover 27 respectively to form an electrical connection with the end cover 21 or the aluminum nail 28.
- the electrode terminal 29 includes a first electrode terminal 291 and a second electrode terminal 292. Among them, a terminal hole is opened on the top cover 22 to accommodate the first electrode terminal 291, and a terminal hole is also opened on the bottom cover 27 to accommodate the second electrode terminal 292.
- the first electrode terminal 291 and the second electrode terminal 292 are arranged opposite to each other.
- the battery cell 20 may further include a connecting member, or also called a current collecting member, for electrically connecting the electrode assembly 24 and the electrode terminal 29 .
- each electrode assembly 24 may have two tabs, for example, a first tab and a second tab, the first tab and the second tab having opposite polarities. For example, when the first tab is a positive tab, the second tab is a negative tab.
- the first tab of one or more electrode assemblies 24 is connected to the electrode terminal 29 via a connecting member, and the second tab of one or more electrode assemblies 24 is connected to another electrode terminal 29 via another connecting member.
- the first pole tab and the second pole tab of the battery cell 20 are respectively arranged at two ends, and the first pole tab, ie, the copper pole tab, and the second pole tab, ie, the aluminum pole tab, are arranged opposite to each other.
- the electrode assembly 24 can be provided as a single one or multiple ones according to actual use requirements. As shown in FIG. 4 , one electrode assembly 24 is provided in the battery cell 20 .
- Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the end cap 21 according to an embodiment of the present application
- Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view along the D-D line of Fig. 5.
- the end cap 21 includes a first connection structure 211 and a second connection structure 212, and the first connection structure 211 is connected to the second connection structure 212;
- the first connection structure 211 includes a first metal for welding and connecting to the electrode terminal 29;
- the second connection structure 212 includes a second metal for welding and connecting to the current collecting component.
- the electrode terminal 29 is a component for electrical connection, that is, the current generated by the electrode assembly 24 is transmitted to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell 20 through the electrode terminal 29. More specifically, one end of the current generated by the electrode assembly 24 is transmitted to the end cap 21 through the first electrode terminal 291, and the other end is transmitted to the aluminum nail 28 through the second electrode terminal 292.
- the busbar component is used to connect a plurality of battery cells 20 to form a battery module.
- first connection structure 211 and the electrode terminal 29 must be connected by welding. If the first connection structure 211 and the electrode terminal 29 are connected by other means, the internal resistance between the two will be large, which still causes current loss of the battery cell 20, so the first metal contained in the first connection structure 211 must be a metal that can be connected to the electrode terminal 29 by welding.
- the electrode terminal 29 is used for internal electrical connection of the battery cell 20, and the busbar is used for electrically connecting the battery cell 20 to the outside.
- the electrical connection between the electrode terminal 29 and the first connection structure 211 can be achieved; when the first connection structure 211 and the second connection structure 212 are connected, the electrical connection between the first connection structure 211 and the second connection structure 212 can be achieved.
- the busbar is connected to the second connection structure 212, the electrical connection between the second connection structure 212 and the busbar can be achieved.
- the current can flow directly from the electrode terminal 29 to the busbar component, avoiding the current loss caused by the current passing through the battery housing 25, thereby increasing the output current of the battery cell 20 and improving the performance of the battery 100.
- the material of the electrode terminal includes copper, and the first metal is copper or nickel-plated steel.
- the first connection structure 211 and the electrode terminal 29 must be connected by welding, so the first metal in the first connection structure 211 must be a metal that can be welded to the electrode terminal 29.
- the electrode terminal 29 more specifically, when the material of the first electrode terminal 291 is copper, the first connection structure 211 including copper or nickel-plated steel can be directly welded to the first electrode terminal 291 including copper.
- the first electrode terminal 291 and the first connection structure 211 can be directly welded to achieve better current transmission and avoid current loss.
- the material of the busbar component includes aluminum, and the second metal is aluminum.
- the busbar component containing aluminum can be directly welded to the second connection structure 212.
- Aluminum is inexpensive, easy to obtain, and suitable for large-scale production.
- the production cost of the battery 100 can be reduced, which is conducive to application in large-scale production; and by making the second metal in the second connection structure 212 aluminum, a good connection between the battery cell 20 and the outside can be achieved, avoiding current loss.
- the material of the first pole tab in the battery cell 20 is copper, therefore, the material of the electrode terminal 29 connected to the first pole tab needs to include copper, that is, the material of the first electrode terminal 291 includes copper.
- the material of the second pole tab is aluminum, therefore, the material of the electrode terminal 29 connected to the second pole tab needs to include aluminum, that is, the material of the second electrode terminal 292 includes aluminum.
- the first pole tab is electrically connected to the first electrode terminal 291, the first electrode terminal 291 is electrically connected to the end cap 21, and the end cap 21 is electrically connected to the external current collector; the second pole tab is electrically connected to the second electrode terminal 292, the second electrode terminal 292 is electrically connected to the aluminum nail 28, and the aluminum nail 28 is electrically connected to the external current collector.
- the first connection structure 211 is embedded in the second connection structure 212 .
- the embedding here means that the entire first connection structure 211 is embedded and connected with the second connection structure 212, that is, there is space in the second connection structure 212 for the complete first connection structure 211 to be placed.
- connection structure 211 by embedding the first connection structure 211 into the second connection structure 212 , a better connection between the second connection structures 212 can be achieved.
- the first connection structure 211 is symmetrically distributed at two ends of the second connection structure 212 with the second connection structure 212 as the center.
- the first connection structure 211 is distributed at both ends of the second connection structure 212, that is, the two electrode terminals are electrically connected to the first connection structure 211.
- the first connection structures 211 distributed at both ends can be electrically connected to the electrode terminals, further improving the electrical connection effect between the first connection structure 211 and the electrode terminals and ensuring the normal transmission of current.
- the second connection structure 212 is a columnar structure with step structures at both ends, and the first connection structure 211 is embedded in the step structure.
- two ends of the second connection structure 212 have two notches, that is, step structures.
- the step structures are used to embed the first connection structure 211. Because during the assembly process of the battery cell 20, the two electrode terminals need to be connected to the first connection structure 211 to achieve current transfer from the electrode terminals to the first connection structure 211.
- the outermost side of the first connection structure 211 may be inclined, which is convenient for operation when the end cover 21 is covered on the top cover 22.
- the dimensions of the layer with the step structure and the layer without the step structure of the second connection structure 212 may be different, which is equivalent to the first connection structure 211 protruding from the top cover 22 when the end cover 21 covers the top cover 22, which is also convenient for loading and unloading the end cover 21.
- the first connection structure 211 when the two ends of the first connection structure 211 have a step structure, the first connection structure 211 can be embedded in the step structure to realize that the first connection structure 211 is symmetrically distributed at the two ends of the second connection structure 212 with the second connection structure 212 as the center, thereby realizing the electrical connection between the electrode terminal and the first connection structure 211.
- Fig. 7 is another cross-sectional view along line D-D of Fig. 5. As shown in Fig. 7, the second connection structure 212 is embedded in the first connection structure 211.
- Embedding here also means that there is space in the first connection structure 211 for the entire second connection structure 212 to be placed.
- connection structure 212 by embedding the second connection structure 212 into the first connection structure 211 , better connection between the first connection structure 211 and the second connection structure 212 and between the second connection structure 212 and the current collecting component can be achieved.
- the second connection structure 212 is located in the middle of the first connection structure 211 .
- the second connection structure 212 is located in the middle of the first connection structure 211 , that is, in the structure of the end cover 21 , the middle of the end cover 21 is the second connection structure 211 , and both ends are the first connection structure 211 .
- the first connection structure 211 is used to electrically connect with the electrode terminal
- the second connection structure 212 is used to electrically connect the battery cell 20 with the outside.
- the first connection structure 211 is a columnar structure having a groove in the middle, and the second connection structure 212 is embedded in the groove.
- the second connection structure 212 can be embedded in the groove.
- the second connection structure 212 is located in the groove in the middle of the first connection structure 211 , that is, the second connection structure 212 is located in the center of the first connection structure 211 , thereby achieving electrical connection between the battery cell 20 and the outside.
- first connection structure 211 and the second connection structure 212 are connected by thermal bonding.
- the hot composite here refers to hot rolling.
- Hot rolling is rolling performed above the crystallization temperature.
- the metal has high plasticity and low deformation resistance, which can greatly reduce the energy consumption of metal deformation.
- the processing performance of metals and alloys can be improved by hot rolling, that is, the coarse grains in the cast state are broken, crack healing is promoted, casting defects are reduced or eliminated, the cast structure is changed into a deformed structure, and the processing performance of the alloy is improved.
- copper and aluminum are combined together at their crystallization temperatures respectively.
- the end cap structure connected by thermal recombination has a smaller internal resistance. That is, when the first connection structure 211 and the second connection structure 212 are connected by thermal recombination, the current can be better transferred from the first connection structure 211 to the second connection structure 212, achieving a larger current transfer between the battery cell 20 and the outside, thereby improving the performance of the battery 100.
- first connection structure 211 and the second connection structure 212 are connected by a perfusion method.
- the infusion method refers to a method in which a metal in a solution state is poured into a solid to achieve a combination of the two.
- the melting point of copper is 1100° C.
- the melting point of aluminum is 660° C.
- the aluminum is in a liquid state, it is injected into the groove of the first connecting structure 211 whose main component is copper to form the end cap 21.
- the structure connected by the injection method can achieve a better connection between the first connection structure 211 and the second connection structure 212 in the end cover 21, thereby achieving better current transmission.
- a dimension D1 of the first connection structure 211 is not less than 2 mm, and the first direction X is perpendicular to the axis of the end cover 21 .
- the first connection structure 211 in the first direction X If the dimension D1 of the first connection structure 211 in the first direction X is too small, the first connection structure 211 cannot be well connected to the electrode terminal.
- each first connection structure 211 in the first direction X is not less than 1 mm.
- the dimension D1 of the first connection structure 211 in the first direction X can be 3 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm or 100 mm, etc. As long as the engineering requirements are met, the present application has no specific requirements for the value of D1.
- the first connection structure 211 can be firmly connected to the electrode terminal, thereby achieving good electrical connection.
- a dimension D3 of the second connection structure 212 is not less than 5 mm.
- the dimension D3 of the second connection structure 212 in the first direction X can be 5 mm, 10 mm, 50 mm or 100 mm, etc. As long as the engineering requirements are met, the present application has no specific requirements for the value of D3.
- the second connection structure 212 is connected to the busbar component to realize the electrical connection between the battery cell 20 and the outside. If the dimension D3 of the second connection structure 212 in the first direction X is less than 5 mm, the connection between the second connection structure 212 and the busbar component is not firm.
- a dimension D4 of the first connection structure 211 is not less than 0.8 mm, and the second direction Y is parallel to the direction of the axis of the end cover 21 .
- the dimension D4 of the first connection structure 211 in the second direction Y can be 1 mm, 2 mm or 10 mm, etc. As long as the engineering requirements are met, the present application has no specific requirements for the value of D4.
- the first connection structure 211 needs to be connected to the second connection structure 212 to ensure normal transmission of current. If the dimension D4 of the first connection structure 211 in the second direction Y is too small, the first connection structure 211 and the second connection structure 212 will not be firmly connected.
- a dimension D5 of the second connection structure 212 is not less than 2 mm.
- the dimension D5 of the second connection structure 212 in the second direction Y can be 3 mm, 10 mm or 50 mm, etc. As long as the engineering requirements are met, the present application has no specific requirements for the value of D4.
- the dimension D5 of the second connecting structure in the second direction Y is not less than 2 mm because if a larger current is to be transmitted to the busbar component, the welding requirements between the end cover 21 and the busbar component will be higher, so it is necessary to widen the dimension D5 of the second connecting structure 212 in the second direction Y.
- the second connection structure 212 needs to be connected to the busbar to realize the electrical connection between the battery cell 20 and the outside.
- the dimension D5 of the second connection structure 212 in the second direction Y not less than 2 mm, the current transmission between the second connection structure 212 and the busbar can be guaranteed.
- the embodiment of the present application also provides a battery cell 20, which includes: an electrode assembly 24; a shell 25, having a accommodating cavity for accommodating the electrode assembly 24, a top cover 22, and a first terminal hole is opened in the top cover 22; a first terminal electrode terminal 291, installed in the first terminal hole, and a recess is formed on the surface of the first electrode terminal 291 away from the electrode assembly 24; and the end cover 21 in the aforementioned embodiments, which is used to cover the recess.
- it further includes a bottom cover 27 , which is provided with a second terminal hole; a second electrode terminal 292 is installed in the second terminal hole, and the second electrode terminal 292 and the first electrode terminal 291 are arranged opposite to each other.
- the first electrode terminal 291 containing copper material is connected to the copper tab of the battery cell 20.
- a second electrode terminal 292 is provided at the other end of the battery cell 20, i.e., at a position opposite to the first electrode terminal 291, and the second electrode terminal 292 is connected to the aluminum tab.
- first electrode terminal 291 and the second electrode terminal 292 are disposed at both ends of the battery cell 20 , that is, disposing the first electrode terminal 291 and the second electrode terminal 292 opposite to each other, it is possible to ensure that the current of the battery cell 20 is output normally and the current does not pass through the housing 25 of the battery cell 20 .
- the embodiment of the present application further provides a battery 100, comprising a plurality of battery cells 20 according to the aforementioned embodiment; and a busbar component, the busbar component being used to electrically connect the plurality of battery cells 20.
- the embodiment of the present application further provides an electric device, which may include the battery 100 in the above embodiments to provide electric energy for the electric device.
- the electric device may be a vehicle, a ship or a spacecraft.
- the first electrode terminal 291 and the second electrode terminal 292 are arranged oppositely at the two ends of the battery cell 20.
- the first electrode terminal 291 connected to the first pole tab i.e., the copper pole tab
- the second electrode terminal 292 connected to the second pole tab i.e., the aluminum pole tab
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Abstract
本申请实施例提供一种端盖、电池单体、电池和用电设备。该端盖包括：第一连接结构和第二连接结构，第一连接结构与第二连接结构连接；第一连接结构包括第一金属，用于与电极端子焊接连接；第二连接结构包括第二金属，用于与汇流部件焊接连接。本申请所提供的技术方案可以增大电池输出电流，进而提高电池性能。
Description
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种端盖、电池单体、电池和用电设备。
随着环境污染的日益加剧，新能源产业越来越受到人们的关注。在新能源产业中，电池技术是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
在电池技术的发展过程中，如何提高电池的性能，是电池技术中一个亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请实施例提供了一种端盖、电池单体、电池和用电设备，可以增大电池的输出电流，进而提高电池的性能。
第一方面，提供了一种端盖，包括：第一连接结构和第二连接结构，所述第一连接结构与第二连接结构连接；所述第一连接结构包括第一金属，用于与电极端子焊接连接；所述第二连接结构包括第二金属，用于与汇流部件焊接连接。
本申请实施例中，电极端子用于电池内部电连接，汇流部件用于将电池与外部电连接。当第一连接结构与电极端子连接时，可实现电极端子与第一连接结构之间的电连接；当第一连接结构和第二连接结构连接时，可实现第一连接结构与第二连接结构之间的电连接；当汇流部件与第二连 接结构连接时，可实现第二连接结构与汇流部件之间的电连接。通过设置第一连接结构与第二连接结构，可以实现电流从电极端子直接流向汇流部件，避免因经过电池壳体而造成的电流损失，从而增大了电池输出电流和提高了电池的性能。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述电极端子的材料包括铜，所述第一金属为铜或钢镀镍。
本申请实施例中，当电极端子包括铜，第一连接结构中的第一金属为铜或钢镀镍时，含铜的电极端子可以和第一连接结构直接焊接连接。通过使第一连接结构中的第一金属为铜或钢镀镍，电极端子和第一连接结构直接焊接以达到较好的传递电流，避免电流的损失，从而实现增大电池流向外部的电流。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述汇流部件的材料包括铝，所述第二金属为铝。
本申请实施例中，当汇流部件包括铝，第二连接结构中的第二金属为铝时，含铝的汇流部件可以和第二连接结构直接焊接连接。铝价格低廉、易于获取，通过使用含铝的汇流部件实现电池与外部的电连接，可降低电池的成本，有利于在大规模的生产中应用；并且通过使第二连接结构中的第二金属为铝，可实现电池与外部的良好连接，避免电流的损失，从而实现增大电池流向外部的电流。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述第一连接结构嵌入所述第二连接结构。
本申请实施例中，通过使第一连接结构嵌入第二连接结构，可实现第一连接结构与第二连接结构之间良好的连接。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述第一连接结构以所述第二连接结构为中心，对称分布在所述第二连接结构的两端。
本申请实施例中，电池包括两个电极端子，使第一连接结构分布在第二连接结构的两端，也就是使两个电极端子都与第一连接结构电连接。通过使第一连接结构以第二连接结构为中心，对称分布在第二连接结构的两端，可以使分布在两端的第一连接结构均与两个电极端子电连接，进一步提高第一连接结构与电极端子之间的电连接效果。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述第二连接结构为两端具有台阶结构的柱状结构，所述第一连接结构嵌入所述台阶结构内。
本申请实施例中，当第二连接结构的两端具有台阶结构时，第一连接结构可嵌入该台阶结构中，这样可以实现第一连接结构为第二连接结构为中心，对称分布在第二连接结构的两端，从而实现电极端子与第一连接结构之间的电连接。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述第二连接结构嵌入所述第一连接结构。
本申请实施例中，通过使第二连接结构嵌入第一连接结构，可实现第一连接结构与第二连接结构以及第二连接结构与汇流部件之间较好的连接。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述第二连接结构位于所述第一连接结构的中部。
本申请实施例中，第一连接结构用于与电极端子电连接，第二连接结构用于使电池与外部电连接。通过使第二连接结构位于第一连接结构的中部，即，通过第一连接结构和第二连接结构可使电池与外部有较好的电连接。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述第一连接结构为中部具有凹槽的柱状结构，所述第二连接结构嵌入所述凹槽内。
本申请实施例中，当第一连接结构中部具有凹槽时，第二连接结 构可以嵌入该凹槽内。通过使第二连接结构位于第一连接结构中部的凹槽内，即，实现了第二连接结构位于第一连接结构的中心，进而实现电池与外部的电连接。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述第一连接结构与所述第二连接结构通过热复合连接。
本申请实施例中，通过热复合实现连接的端盖结构具有较小的内阻。也就是说，当第一连接结构与第二连接结构通过热复合连接时，电流可以更好的从第一连接结构传递到第二连接结构，实现电池与外部之间较大的电流传递，从而提高电池性能。
在一种可能的实施方式中，在第一方向上，所述第一连接结构的尺寸不小于2mm，所述第一方向垂直于所述端盖的轴线。
本申请实施例中，若第一连接结构在第一方向上的尺寸过小，则第一连接结构与电极端子不能达到很好的连接。通过使第一连接结构在第一方向上的尺寸不小于2mm，可以使第一连接结构与电极端子连接牢固，从而实现良好的电连接。
在一种可能的实施方式中，在所述第一方向上，所述第二连接结构的尺寸不小于5mm。
本申请实施例中，第二连接结构与汇流部件连接以实现电池与外部的电连接。若第二连接结构在第一方向上的尺寸小于5mm，则第二连接结构与汇流部件的连接不牢固。通过使第二连接结构在第一方向上的尺寸不小于5mm，可保证第二连接结构与汇流部件的稳定连接。
在一种可能的实施方式中，在第二方向上，所述第一连接结构的尺寸不小于0.8mm，所述第二方向平行于所述端盖的轴线。
本申请实施例中，第一连接结构需与第二连接结构连接，才能保证电流的正常传递，若第一连接结构在第二方向上的尺寸过小，则第一连 接结构与第二连接结构会出现连接不牢的情况。通过使第一连接结构在第二方向上的尺寸不小于0.8mm，可保证第一连接结构与第二连接结构之间的连接牢固。
在一种可能的实施方式中，在所述第二方向上，所述第二连接结构的尺寸不小于2mm。
本申请实施例中，第二连接结构需与汇流部件连接以实现电池与外部的电连接。通过使第二连接结构在第二方向上的尺寸不小于2mm，可保证第二连接结构与汇流部件的稳定连接。
第二方面，提供了一种电池单体，包括：电极组件；壳体，具有容纳腔，用于容纳所述电极组件；顶盖，所述顶盖开设有第一端子孔；第一电极端子，安装于所述第一端子孔，所述第一电极端子背离所述电极组件的表面形成有凹部；以及上述实施例中任一项所述的端盖，所述端盖盖合所述凹部。
在一种可能的实施方式中，还包括：底盖，所述底盖开设有第二端子孔；第二电极端子，安装于所述第二端子孔，所述第二电极端子和所述第一电极端子相对设置。
本申请实施例中，通过设置第一电极端子和第二电极端子，两个电极端子各为电池单体的正负极，用于输出电流，以保证电池正常输出电流。
第三方面，提供了一种电池，包括多个上述实施例中的电池单体；以及汇流部件，所述汇流部件用于电连接多个所述电池单体。
第四方面，提供了一种用电设备，包括上述实施例中的电池，电池用于提供电能。
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一实施例的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一实施例的电池的分解结构示意图；
图3为本申请一实施例的电池单体的分解结构示意图；
图4为本申请另一实施例的电池单体的结构示意图；
图5为本申请一实施例的端盖的结构示意图；
图6是图5沿D-D线的剖面图；
图7是图5沿D-D线的另一剖面图；
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
附图标记说明：
车辆1000；
电池100，第一部分111，第二部分112，控制器200，马达300；
箱体10，电池单体20，端盖21、顶盖22、负极转接片23、电极组件24、壳体25，正极转接片26，底盖27，铝钉28，电极端子29；
第一连接结构211，第二连接结构212，第一电极端子291，第二电极端子292，第一方向X，第二方向Y。
使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基 于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：存在A，同时存在A和B，存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的 独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本申请所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
本申请实施例中的电池可以为锂离子电池、锂金属电池、铅酸电池、镍隔电池、镍氢电池、锂硫电池、锂空气电池或者钠离子电池等，本申请实施例对此不做具体限定。
为了满足不同的电力需求，电池中的多个电池单体之间可以串联、并联或混联，其中混联是指串联和并联的混合。可选地，多个电池单体可以先串联、并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联、并联或混联组成电池。也就是说，多个电池单体可以直接组成电池，也可以先组成电池模块，电池模块再组成电池。电池再进一步设置于用电设备中，为用电设备提供电能。
目前，从市场形式的发展来看，动力电池的应用越来越广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航天航空等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
本申请人注意到，现有的圆柱电池单体一般只有一个电极端子，并且与外部模组的汇流部件连接的材质分别为刚镀镍和铝，而模组的汇流部件大多采用铝巴、镍片或者镀镍材质。因此当圆柱电池单体内部产生电流时，电流需先经过圆柱电池单体的壳体，而壳体内阻较高，这就造成了圆柱电池单体的输出电流变小，从而导致圆柱电池单体的性能降低。
为解决上述现有的圆柱电池无法实现较大的输出电流，从而导致电池性能不佳的问题。本申请实施例提供了一种端盖，可以在设置有两个正负电极端子的圆柱电池中，实现正负电极端子均可以直接和汇流部件电连接，以使电流直接从电极端子流向外部而不经过电池单体的壳体，从而增大电池单体的输出电流和提高电池的性能。
此处需要说明的是，本申请所提供的端盖适用于圆柱电池，尤其是圆柱电池的4680结构，但本申请对此不作限定。
本申请实施例公开的电池单体可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置中。可以使用具备本申请公开的电池单体、电池等组成该用电装置的电源系统，这样，能够增加电源系统中圆柱电池单体的电流和提高圆柱电池单体的性能。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案均适用于各种使用电池的装置，例如，手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动玩具、电动工具、电动车辆、船舶和航天器等，其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
应理解，本申请实施例描述的技术方案不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的装置，还可以适用于所有使用电池的装置，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以电动车辆为例进行说明。
例如，如图1所示，为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
例如，如图2所示，为本申请实施例的一电池100的结构示意图。电池100可以包括多个电池单体20。除了电池单体之外，电池100还可以包括箱体10(或称罩体)，箱体10的内部为中空结构，多个电池单体20可容纳于箱体10内。如图2所示，箱体10可以包括两部分，这里分别称为第一部分111和第二部分112，第一部分111和第二部分112扣合在一起。第一部分111和第二部分112的形状可以根据多个电池单体20组合的 形状而定，第一部分111和第二部分112可以均具有一个开口。例如，第一部分111和第二部分112均可以为中空长方体且各自只有一个面为开口面，第一部分111的开口和第二部分112的开口相对设置，并且第一部分111和第二部分112相互扣合形成具有封闭腔室的箱体10。多个电池单体20相互并联或串联或混联组合后置于第一部分111和第二部分112扣合后形成的箱体内。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体内；当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件(图中未示出)，用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体20可以为二次电池或一次电池；还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。
图3为本申请一实施例的电池单体的分解结构示意图，图4为本申请另一实施例的电池单体20的结构示意图。如图3和图4所示，该电池单体20可以包括端盖21，顶盖22，负极转接片23，电极组件24、壳体25、正极转接片26、底盖27和铝钉28。壳体25与端盖21形成外壳或电池盒，壳体25的壁和端盖21的壁均称为电池单体20的壁。壳体25根据一个或多个电极组件24组合后的形状而定。壳体25为中空的圆柱体，壳体25的端面为开口面，即该端面不具有壁体而使得壳体25内外相通。从图3可以看出，圆柱形电池单体20的壳体25具有两个圆形端面，该两个圆形端面之间为柱体，柱体部分可以包括电极组件24。顶盖22和底盖27覆盖上下两个开口并且与壳体25连接，以形成电极组件24的封闭的腔体。壳体25内填充有电解质，例如电解液。
本申请实施例中，壳体25、顶盖22以及底盖27可以一体成型，也可以分开制作，本申请对此不做限定。
该电池单体20还包括电极端子29，电极端子29分别插入顶盖22和底盖27内，以与端盖21或铝钉28形成电连接。进一步地，电极端子29包括第一电极端子291和第二电极端子292。其中，顶盖22上开设有端子孔以容纳第一电极端子291，底盖27上也开设有端子孔以容纳第二电极端子292。第一电极端子291与第二电极端子292相对设置。
电池单体20还可包括连接构件，或者也称集流构件，用于将电极组件24和电极端子29之间实现电连接。
另外，每个电极组件24可以具有两个极耳，例如，具有第一极耳和第二极耳，第一极耳和第二极耳的极性相反。例如，当第一极耳为正极极耳时，第二极耳为负极极耳。一个或多个电极组件24的第一极耳通过一个连接构件与电极端子29连接，一个或多个电极组件24的第二极耳通过另一个连接构件与另外的电极端子29连接。
在本申请实施例中，电池单体20的第一极耳和第二极耳分别设置在两端，第一极耳，即铜极耳与第二极耳，即铝极耳相对设置。
在该电池单体20中，根据实际使用需求，电极组件24可设置为单个，或多个，如图4所示，电池单体20内设置有一个电极组件24。
图5为本申请一实施例的端盖21的结构示意图，图6是图5沿D-D线的剖面图。如图5和图6所示，端盖21包括第一连接结构211和第二连接结构212，第一连接结构211与第二连接结构212连接；第一连接结构211包括第一金属，用于与电极端子29焊接连接；第二连接结构212包括第二金属，用于与汇流部件焊接连接。
本申请实施例中，电极端子29为用于电连接的部件，即，将电极组件24产生的电流通过电极端子29传递给电池单体20的正负极。更具体地，电极组件24产生的电流一端通过第一电极端子291传递给端盖21，另一端通过第二电极端子292传递给铝钉28。
本申请实施例中，汇流部件是用来连接多个电池单体20而使多个电池单体20形成电池模组。
此处需要说明的是，第一连接结构211与电极端子29必须是焊接连接。若第一连接结构211与电极端子29通过其他方式达到连接，二 者之间的内阻就会较大，这仍然造成电池单体20的电流损失，所以第一连接结构211中所包含的第一金属必须是可以与电极端子29焊接连接的金属。
电极端子29用于电池单体20内部电连接，汇流部件用于将电池单体20与外部电连接。当第一连接结构211与电极端子29连接时，可实现电极端子29与第一连接结构211之间的电连接；当第一连接结构211和第二连接结构212连接时，可实现第一连接结构211与第二连接结构212之间的电连接。当汇流部件与第二连接结构212连接时，可实现第二连接结构212与汇流部件之间的电连接。
上述方案中，通过设置第一连接结构211与第二连接结构212，可以实现电流直接从电极端子29流向汇流部件，避免电流因经过电池壳体25而造成的电流损失，从而增大了电池单体20的输出电流和提高了电池100的性能。
在一些实施例中，电极端子的材料包括铜，第一金属为铜或钢镀镍。
如前所述，第一连接结构211与电极端子29必须是以焊接的形式进行连接的，所以第一连接结构211中的第一金属必须要可以与电极端子29焊接的金属。当电极端子29，更为具体地，当第一电极端子291的材料为铜时，包含铜或钢镀镍的第一连接结构211可以和含铜的第一电极端子291直接焊接连接。
上述方案中，通过使第一连接结构211中的第一金属为铜或钢镀镍，第一电极端子291和第一连接结构211可以直接焊接以达到更好的传递电流，避免电流的损失。
在一些实施例中，汇流部件的材料包括铝，第二金属为铝。
当汇流部件的材料包括铝，第二连接结构212为铝时，含铝的汇流部件可以和第二连接结构212直接焊接连接。铝价格低廉、易于获取，适用于大规模生产。
上述方案中，通过使用含铝的汇流部件实现电池单体20与外部的电连接，可降低电池100的制作成本，有利于在大规模的生产中应用； 并且通过使第二连接结构212中的第二金属为铝时，可实现电池单体20与外部的良好连接，避免电流的损失。
在本申请实施例中，电池单体20中第一极耳的材料为铜，因此，与第一极耳连接的电极端子29的材料需包括铜，也就是第一电极端子291的材料包括铜。第二极耳的材料为铝，因此，与第二极耳连接的电极端子29的材料需包括铝，也就是第二电极端子292的材料包括铝。请参照图4，第一极耳与第一电极端子291形成电连接，第一电极端子291与端盖21形成电连接，端盖21再与外部的汇流部件形成电连接；第二极耳与第二电极端子292形成电连接，第二电极端子292与铝钉28形成电连接，铝钉28再与外部的汇流部件形成电连接。
在一些实施例中，第一连接结构211嵌入第二连接结构212。
此处需要说明的是，此处的嵌入是指整个第一连接结构211与第二连接结构212嵌入连接，即第二连接结构212中有空间让完整的第一连接结构211放置。
上述方案中，通过使第一连接结构211嵌入第二连接结构212，可实现第二连接结构212与第二连接结构212之间较好的连接。
请继续参照图6，如图6所示，在一些实施例中，第一连接结构211以第二连接结构212为中心，对称分布在第二连接结构212的两端。
为了方便连接以及保证电流的正常流向，电池单体20中一般设置两个电极端子。所以使第一连接结构211分布在第二连接结构212的两端，也就是使两个电极端子都与第一连接结构211电连接。
上述方案中，通过使第一连接结构211以第二连接结构212为中心，对称分布在第二连接结构212的两端，可以使分布在两端的第一连接结构211均与电极端子电连接，进一步提高第一连接结构211与电极端子之间的电连接效果以及保证电流的正常传递。
在一些实施例中，第二连接结构212为两端具有台阶结构的柱状结构，第一连接结构211嵌入台阶结构内。
在图6所示的端盖21结构中，第二连接结构212的两端具有两个缺口，也就是台阶结构。该台阶结构用于嵌入第一连接结构211。因为 在电池单体20的组装过程中，两个电极端子需与第一连接结构211连接，以实现电流从电极端子传递到第一连接结构211。
另外，为了方便端盖21的组装，第一连接结构211的最外侧可是倾斜的，这样在将端盖21盖合在顶盖22上时，有利于操作。同样，第二连接结构212具有台阶结构的层面与不具有台阶结构的层面的尺寸可不一样，这样相当于在端盖21盖合顶盖22时，第一连接结构211凸出于顶盖22，也有利于端盖21的装卸。
上述方案中，当第一连接结构211的两端具有台阶结构时，第一连接结构211可嵌入该台阶结构中，以实现第一连接结构211为第二连接结构212为中心，对称分布在第二连接结构212的两端，进而实现电极端子与第一连接结构211之间的电连接。
图7是图5沿D-D线的另一剖面图。如图7所示，第二连接结构212嵌入第一连接结构211。
此处的嵌入同样是指第一连接结构211中有空间让整个第二连接结构212放置。
上述方案中，通过使第二连接结构212嵌入第一连接结构211，可实现第一连接结构211与第二连接结构212以及第二连接结构212与汇流部件之间较好的连接。
在一些实施例中，第二连接结构212位于第一连接机构211结构的中部。
第二连接结构212位于第一连接结构211的中部，即在端盖21的结构中，端盖21的中部为第二连接结构211，两端为第一连接结构211。
上述方案中，第一连接结构211用于与电极端子电连接，第二连接结构212用于使电池单体20与外部电连接。通过使第二连接结构212位于第一连接结构211的中部，即，通过第一连接结构211和第二连接结构212使电池单体20与外部有较好的连接。
请继续参照图7，如图7所示，第一连接结构211为中部具有凹槽的柱状结构，第二连接结构212嵌入凹槽内。
当第一连接结构211中部具有凹槽时，第二连接结构212可以嵌 入该凹槽内。
上述方案中，通过使第二连接结构212位于第一连接结构211中部的凹槽内，即，实现了第二连接结构212位于第一连接结构211的中心，进而实现电池单体20与外部的电连接。
在一些实施例中，第一连接结构211与第二连接结构212通过热复合连接。
此处的热复合即为热轧。热轧就是在结晶温度以上进行的轧制。热轧时金属塑性高，变形抗力低，可以大大减少金属变形的能量消耗。通过热轧的方式能够改善金属及合金的加工工艺性能，即将铸造状态的粗大晶粒破碎，促进裂纹愈合，减少或消除铸造缺陷，将铸态组织变为变形组织，提高合金的加工性能。在本申请实施例中，就是分别在铜和铝的结晶温度时将二者结合在一起。
上述方案中，通过热复合实现连接的端盖结构具有较小的内阻。也就是说，当第一连接结构211与第二连接结构212通过热复合连接时，电流可以更好的从第一连接结构211传递到第二连接结构212，实现电池单体20与外部之间较大的电流传递，进而提高电池100的性能。
进一步地，在一些实施例中，第一连接结构211与第二连接结构212通过灌注法连接。
灌注法是指将金属在溶液状态时被灌入到固体中以实现二者结合的方法。在本申请实施例中，铜的熔点为1100℃，铝的熔点为660℃。在铝为液体状态时，将其注入到主要成分为铜的第一连接结构211的凹槽内，以形成端盖21。
上述方案中，通过灌注法实现连接的结构，可以使端盖21内的第一连接结构211与第二连接结构212之间达到更好的连接，从而实现更好的传递电流。
在一些实施例中，在第一方向X上，第一连接结构211的尺寸D1不小于2mm，第一方向X垂直于端盖21的轴线。
若第一连接结构211在第一方向X上的尺寸D1过小，则第一连接结构211与电极端子不能达到很好的连接。
此处需要说明的是，若两个第一连接结构211位于端盖21的两端，因此每个第一连接结构211在第一方向X上的尺寸D2不小于1mm。
例如，在本申请实施例中，第一连接结构211在第一方向X上的尺寸D1可以为3mm、5mm、10mm或100mm等等，只要满足工程要求，本申请对D1的值无具体要求。
上述方案中，通过使第一连接结构211在第一方向X上的尺寸D1不小于2mm，也就是使每个第一连接结构211在第一方向X上的尺寸D2不小于1mm，这样可以使第一连接结构211与电极端子连接牢固，从而实现良好的电连接。
在一些实施例中，在第一方向X上，第二连接结构212的尺寸D3不小于5mm。
例如，在本申请实施例中，第二连接结构212在第一方向X上的尺寸D3可以为5mm、10mm、50mm或100mm等等，只要满足工程要求，本申请对D3的值无具体要求。
第二连接结构212与汇流部件连接，才能实现电池单体20与外部的电连接。若第二连接结构212在第一方向X上的尺寸D3小于5mm，则第二连接结构212与汇流部件的连接不牢固。
上述方案中，通过使第二连接结构212在第一方向X上的尺寸D3不小于5mm，可保证第二连接结构212与汇流部件的稳定连接。
在一些实施例中，在第二方向Y上，第一连接结构211的尺寸D4不小于0.8mm，第二方向Y平行于端盖21轴线的方向。
例如，在本申请实施例中，第一连接结构211在第二方向Y上的尺寸D4可以为1mm、2mm或10mm等等，只要满足工程要求，本申请对D4的值无具体要求。
第一连接结构211需与第二连接结构212连接，才能保证电流的正常传递，若第一连接结构211在第二方向Y上的尺寸D4过小，则第一连接结构211与第二连接结构212会出现连接不牢的情况。
上述方案中，通过使第一连接结构211在第二方向Y上的尺寸D4不小于0.8mm，可保证第一连接结构211与第二连接结构212之间的连 接牢固。
在一些实施例中，在第二方向Y上，第二连接结构212的尺寸D5不小于2mm。
例如，在本申请实施例中，第二连接结构212在第二方向Y上的尺寸D5可以为3mm、10mm或50mm等等，只要满足工程要求，本申请对D4的值无具体要求。
此处需要说明的是，使第二连接结构在第二方向Y上的尺寸D5不小于2mm是因为若要将较大的电流传递给汇流部件，端盖21与汇流部件之间的焊接要求就会较高，因此需要加宽第二连接结构212在第二方向Y上的尺寸D5。
上述方案中，第二连接结构212需与汇流部件连接以实现电池单体20与外部的电连接。通过使第二连接结构212在第二方向Y上的尺寸D5不小于2mm，可保证第二连接结构212与汇流部件的电流传递。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电池单体20，该电池单体20包括：电极组件24；壳体25，具有容纳腔，用于容纳电极组件24，顶盖22，顶盖22开设有第一端子孔；第一端子电极端子291，安装于第一端子孔，第一电极端子291背离电极组件24的表面形成有凹部；以及前述各实施例中的端盖21，用于盖合凹部。
在一些实施例中，还包括底盖27，底盖27开设有第二端子孔；第二电极端子292，安装于第二端子孔，第二电极端子292和第一电极端子291相对设置。
本申请实施例中，含铜材料的第一电极端子291与电池单体20的铜极耳连接。为了使电池单体20与外部实现电连接，且电流不经过电池单体20的壳体25，需在电池单体20的另一端，即与第一电极端子291相对的位置设置第二电极端子292，第二电极端子292与铝极耳连接。
通过在电池单体20的两端设置第一电极端子291和第二电极端子292，即，将第一电极端子291和第二电极端子292相对设置，可保证电池单体20的电流正常输出，且电流不经过电池单体20的壳体25。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电池100，包括多个前述实施例中的 电池单体20；以及汇流部件，汇流部件用于电连接多个电池单体20。
本申请实施例还提供了一种用电设备，该用电设备可以包括前述各实施例中的电池100，以用于为该用电设备提供电能。可选地，用电设备可以为车辆、船舶或航天器。
在电池单体20中，第一电极端子291和第二电极端子292相对设置在电池单体20的两端。通过使与第一极耳(即铜极耳)连接的第一电极端子291与含有第一连接结构211和第二连接结构212的端盖21连接，使与第二极耳(即铝极耳)连接的第二电极端子292与铝钉28连接，可以实现将电极组件24产生的电流直接传递给外部，避免因经过壳体25而造成的电流损失，从而增大电池单体20的输出电流和提高电池100的性能。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。
Claims (18)
- 一种端盖，其特征在于，包括：第一连接结构和第二连接结构，所述第一连接结构与所述第二连接结构连接；所述第一连接结构包括第一金属，用于与电极端子焊接连接；所述第二连接结构包括第二金属，用于与汇流部件焊接连接。
- 根据权利要求1所述的端盖，其特征在于，所述电极端子的材料包括铜，所述第一金属为铜或钢镀镍。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的端盖，其特征在于，所述汇流部件的材料包括铝，所述第二金属为铝。
- 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的端盖，其特征在于，所述第一连接结构嵌入所述第二连接结构。
- 根据权利要求4所述的端盖，其特征在于，所述第一连接结构以所述第二连接结构为中心，对称分布在所述第二连接结构的两端。
- 根据权利要求4或5所述的端盖，其特征在于，所述第二连接结构为两端具有台阶结构的柱状结构，所述第一连接结构嵌入所述台阶结构内。
- 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的端盖，其特征在于，所述第二连接结构嵌入所述第一连接结构。
- 根据权利要求7所述的端盖，其特征在于，所述第二连接结构位于所述第一连接结构的中部。
- 根据权利要求7或8所述的端盖，其特征在于，所述第一连接结构为中部具有凹槽的柱状结构，所述第二连接结构嵌入所述凹槽内。
- 根据权利要求4至6中任一项所述的端盖，其特征在于，所述第一连接结构与所述第二连接结构通过热复合连接。
- 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的端盖，其特征在于，在第一方向上，所述第一连接结构的尺寸不小于2mm，所述第一方向垂直于所述端盖的轴线。
- 根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的端盖，其特征在于，在所述第一方向上，所述第二连接结构的尺寸不小于5mm。
- 根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的端盖，其特征在于，在第二方向上，所述第一连接结构的尺寸不小于0.8mm，所述第二方向平行于所述端盖的轴线。
- 根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的端盖，其特征在于，在所述第二方向上，所述第二连接结构的尺寸不小于2mm。
- 一种电池单体，其特征在于，包括：电极组件；壳体，具有容纳腔，用于容纳所述电极组件；顶盖，所述顶盖开设有第一端子孔；第一电极端子，安装于所述第一端子孔，所述第一电极端子背离所述电极组件的表面形成有凹部；如权利要求1至14中任一项所述的端盖，所述端盖盖合所述凹部。
- 根据权利要求15所述的电池单体，其特征在于，还包括：底盖，所述底盖开设有第二端子孔；第二电极端子，安装于所述第二端子孔，所述第二电极端子和所述第一电极端子相对设置。
- 一种电池，其特征在于，包括：多个如权利要求16中所述的电池单体；以及汇流部件，所述汇流部件用于电连接多个所述电池单体。
- 一种用电设备，其特征在于，包括：如权利要求17所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
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| CN103155223A (zh) * | 2011-08-04 | 2013-06-12 | 株式会社新王材料 | 电池用负极端子 |
| CN104466076A (zh) * | 2013-09-25 | 2015-03-25 | 株式会社新王材料 | 电池用端子、电池用端子的制作方法和电池 |
| JP2016207433A (ja) * | 2015-04-22 | 2016-12-08 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 角形二次電池 |
| CN106575741A (zh) * | 2014-08-06 | 2017-04-19 | 日立汽车系统株式会社 | 方形二次电池 |
| CN110034250A (zh) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-07-19 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 密闭型电池、电池组、密闭型电池的制造方法以及电池组的制造方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103155223A (zh) * | 2011-08-04 | 2013-06-12 | 株式会社新王材料 | 电池用负极端子 |
| CN104466076A (zh) * | 2013-09-25 | 2015-03-25 | 株式会社新王材料 | 电池用端子、电池用端子的制作方法和电池 |
| CN106575741A (zh) * | 2014-08-06 | 2017-04-19 | 日立汽车系统株式会社 | 方形二次电池 |
| JP2016207433A (ja) * | 2015-04-22 | 2016-12-08 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 角形二次電池 |
| CN110034250A (zh) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-07-19 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 密闭型电池、电池组、密闭型电池的制造方法以及电池组的制造方法 |
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