WO2024077840A1 - 一种电芯拆分装置及电芯拆分方法 - Google Patents

一种电芯拆分装置及电芯拆分方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024077840A1
WO2024077840A1 PCT/CN2023/078472 CN2023078472W WO2024077840A1 WO 2024077840 A1 WO2024077840 A1 WO 2024077840A1 CN 2023078472 W CN2023078472 W CN 2023078472W WO 2024077840 A1 WO2024077840 A1 WO 2024077840A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery cell
conveyor belt
cutting
piece
splitting
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/078472
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汤辉煌
李长东
巩勤学
刘勇奇
刘卫
Original Assignee
广东邦普循环科技有限公司
湖南邦普循环科技有限公司
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Application filed by 广东邦普循环科技有限公司, 湖南邦普循环科技有限公司 filed Critical 广东邦普循环科技有限公司
Publication of WO2024077840A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024077840A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of battery recycling, and in particular to a battery cell disassembly device and a battery cell disassembly method.
  • the present invention provides a battery cell disassembly device and a battery cell disassembly method, which can perform a streamlined disassembly operation on battery cells to be disassembled, thereby improving processing efficiency.
  • a battery cell splitting device comprising:
  • the conveyor belt is used to convey the battery cells
  • the cutting piece is used to cut the battery cells
  • the bending piece is used to bend and break up the cut battery cells
  • the roll separation piece is used to separate the diaphragm and the electrode piece in the bent and broken up battery cells.
  • the cutting piece includes a side cutting piece and a film cutting piece which are arranged in sequence along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt, and the side cutting piece and the film cutting piece are both located above the conveyor belt.
  • the side cutting piece is used to cut the side of the battery cell
  • the film cutting piece is used to cut the top surface of the battery cell.
  • the film cutting component includes a film cutting linear module and a cutting head connected to each other, the film cutting linear module is located above the conveyor belt, and the film cutting linear module is used to drive the cutting head to move.
  • the side cutting member includes a side cutting driver and a side cutting slice connected to each other, wherein the side cutting driver and the side cutting slice are both located above the conveyor belt, and the side cutting driver is used to drive the side cutting slice to rotate.
  • the bending member includes a suspended roller and an extrusion roller, both of which are located above the conveyor belt, there is a gap between the bottom end of the suspended roller and the conveyor belt, the bottom end of the extrusion roller contacts the conveyor belt, and the extrusion roller is used to extrude the passing battery cells to bend the battery cells.
  • the roll-splitting member includes a roll-splitting shell, an insertion shaft, a roll-splitting linear module, an adsorption block and a film-splitting rod, the insertion shaft and the film-splitting rod are both connected to the roll-splitting shell, and the adsorption block is connected to the roll-splitting linear module; the insertion shaft is used to be inserted into the interior of the battery cell, and the adsorption block is used to adsorb the diaphragm.
  • the roll-splitting linear module is used to drive the adsorption block to move so that the diaphragm contacts and turns the film-splitting rod.
  • the roll-splitting member also includes a winder, which includes a winder rod and a winder drive, both of which are connected to the roll-splitting shell.
  • a winder which includes a winder rod and a winder drive, both of which are connected to the roll-splitting shell.
  • winder rods which are respectively located on both sides of the diaphragm after contacting the film-splitting rod.
  • the winder drive is used to drive the winder rod to rotate.
  • the battery cell splitting device also includes a first pushing piece, which is located above the conveyor belt, and the pushing direction of the first pushing piece is perpendicular to the extension direction of the conveyor belt, and the first pushing piece is used to push the battery cell onto the conveyor belt and close to one side of the cutting piece.
  • the battery cell splitting device also includes a second pushing member, which is located above the conveyor belt, and the pushing direction of the second pushing member is perpendicular to the extension direction of the conveyor belt, and the second pushing member is used to push the battery cell from the conveyor belt to the winding member.
  • a second pushing member which is located above the conveyor belt, and the pushing direction of the second pushing member is perpendicular to the extension direction of the conveyor belt, and the second pushing member is used to push the battery cell from the conveyor belt to the winding member.
  • the solution of the present invention also provides a method for disassembling a battery cell, comprising:
  • the beneficial effects of the battery cell splitting device and the battery cell splitting method according to the embodiments of the present invention include, for example:
  • the battery cell splitting device comprises: a conveyor belt and cutting pieces, bending pieces and winding pieces arranged in sequence along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt, the conveyor belt is used to transport the battery cells to facilitate the streamlined input of the battery cells, the cutting pieces are used to cut the battery cells, the bending pieces are used to bend and break up the cut battery cells, and the winding pieces are used to separate the diaphragms and pole pieces in the bent and broken up battery cells, by sequentially arranging the separators, bending pieces and winding pieces and carrying out orderly splitting operations on the battery cells, the streamlined splitting processing of the battery cells can be realized, thereby improving the battery recycling efficiency.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cell splitting device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the working of the side cutting member provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the working state of the film cutting member provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the bending member provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the unwinding member provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Icons 100-battery cell splitting device; 110-base; 120-conveyor belt; 130-cutting piece; 131-side cutting piece; 1311-side cutting drive; 1312-side cutting slice; 132-film cutting piece; 1321-film cutting linear module; 1322-cutting head; 140-bending piece; 141-suspended roller; 142-extrusion roller; 150-rolling piece; 151-rolling shell; 152-insertion shaft; 153-rolling linear module; 154-adsorption block; 155-film separating rod; 156-winder; 1561-winding rod; 1562-winding drive; 160-first pushing piece; 170-second pushing piece; 190-battery cell; 191-diaphragm; 192-pole piece.
  • the prior art proposes equipment that can automatically disassemble the battery cell, separate the positive and negative plates, and then recycle them separately.
  • One of them can separate and collect the different components of the battery cell separately, but this method takes a long time to process before rewinding, and can only disassemble one battery cell at a time, which cannot meet the requirements of mass production; another method uses an air gun to blow the battery cell belt apart and then clamp it separately to achieve the battery cell.
  • the components are recycled separately, but the equipment uses two manipulators, which are difficult to maintain and costly.
  • Four winding rollers are used in the disassembly part, and the guiding suction cup needs to be operated four times in one process, with low processing efficiency.
  • the position of the battery cell belt has great uncertainty when the battery cell is placed vertically. Whether the guiding suction cup can guide correctly remains to be verified.
  • the battery cell structure is a four-layer structure of diaphragm-negative electrode sheet-diaphragm-positive electrode sheet.
  • the outermost layer has multiple layers of diaphragm wound around it, and is sealed with tape at the end.
  • the battery cell splitting device and battery cell splitting method provided in the embodiments of the present invention can solve this problem.
  • this embodiment provides a battery cell splitting device 100 and a battery cell splitting method, which will be described in detail below.
  • the battery cell splitting device 100 includes: a base 110, a conveyor belt 120, a cutting piece 130, a bending piece 140 and a roll-splitting piece 150;
  • the conveyor belt 120 is connected to the base 110 and is used to convey the battery cell 190;
  • the cutting piece 130 is simultaneously located above the base 110 and the conveyor belt 120, and is used to cut the battery cell 190;
  • the bending piece 140 is connected to the base 110 and is located above the conveyor belt 120, and is used to bend and break up the cut battery cell 190;
  • the roll-splitting piece 150 is connected to the base 110 and is used to separate the diaphragm 191 and the pole piece 192 in the battery cell 190 that has been bent and broken up; wherein the cutting piece 130, the bending piece 140 and the roll-splitting piece 150 are arranged in sequence along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 120.
  • the base 110 is used to support and fix the entire device
  • the conveyor belt 120 plays the role of streamlined conveying of the battery cells 190
  • the cutting parts 130, bending parts 140 and winding parts 150 are arranged in sequence along the conveyor belt 120, so as to orderly cut, bend and scatter the battery cells 190 being streamlined, and separate the diaphragms 191 and the pole pieces 192, thereby improving the processing efficiency.
  • the cutting piece 130 includes a side cutting piece 131 and a film cutting piece 132 which are arranged in sequence along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 120.
  • the side cutting piece 131 and the film cutting piece 132 are both connected to the base 110 and are located above the conveyor belt 120.
  • the side cutting piece 131 is used to cut the side of the battery cell 190
  • the film cutting piece 132 is used to cut the top surface of the battery cell 190.
  • the side cutting piece 131 is used to cut the side of the battery cell 190 to facilitate the exposure of its internal layered structure, so as to prepare for the subsequent contact between the roll-splitting piece 150 and the battery cell 190.
  • the film cutting piece 132 cuts the top surface of the battery cell 190 to reduce the limiting effect of the outer shell of the battery cell 190 on the internal diaphragm 191 and the pole piece 192.
  • the battery cell splitting device 100 also includes a first pushing member 160, which is connected to the base 110 and is located above the conveyor belt 120.
  • the pushing direction of the first pushing member 160 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the conveyor belt 120, and is used to push the battery cell 190 onto the conveyor belt 120 and close to one side of the cutting member 130.
  • the first pusher 160 is disposed in front of the side cutting member 131 and the film cutting member 132.
  • the lateral positions of the battery cells 190 on the conveyor belt 120 are relatively chaotic.
  • the first pusher 160 can push all the battery cells 190 to the side of the conveyor belt 120 close to the side cutting member 131 to ensure the accuracy of the side cutting position.
  • the battery cell splitting device 100 also includes a second pushing member 170, which is connected to the base 110 and is located above the conveyor belt 120.
  • the pushing direction of the second pushing member 170 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the conveyor belt 120.
  • the second pushing member 170 is used to push the battery cell 190 from the conveyor belt 120 to the roll-splitting member 150.
  • the multi-component coiling member 150 and the second pushing member 170 can be provided to match the flow conveying speed of the conveyor belt 120. Compared with the traditional manipulator structure, the operating efficiency can be improved while the use cost can be greatly reduced.
  • first pusher 160 and the second pusher 170 both include a pusher portion (not shown) in contact with the battery cell 190 and a pusher drive member (not shown), wherein the pusher drive member is used to provide linear motion power to the pusher portion, and the pusher drive member can be a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or a linear electric cylinder.
  • the side cutting member 131 includes a side cutting driver 1311 and a side cutting slice 1312 connected to each other.
  • the side cutting driver 1311 is connected to the base 110 . Both the side cutting driver 1311 and the side cutting slice 1312 are located above the conveyor belt 120 .
  • the side cutting driver 1311 is used to drive the side cutting slice 1312 to rotate.
  • the side cutting driver 1311 provides a power source to drive the side cutting slice 1312 to rotate and cut the side of the battery cell 190.
  • the side cutting slice 1312 is circular, and its edge is provided with a cutting edge (not shown), which contacts the battery cell 190 on the conveyor line, and completes the side cutting through the rotational motion and the linear movement of the battery cell 190.
  • the side cutting driver 1311 includes but is not limited to a rotary motor, a rotary cylinder or a rotary hydraulic cylinder.
  • the current collector burrs can be prevented from damaging the diaphragm 191 during the winding process of the battery cell 190 , resulting in failure to wind up normally, which can greatly improve the continuity of the winding operation.
  • the film cutting member 132 includes a film cutting linear module 1321 and a cutting head 1322 connected to each other.
  • the film cutting linear module 1321 is connected to the base 110 . Both the film cutting linear module 1321 and the cutting head 1322 are located above the conveyor belt 120 .
  • the film cutting linear module 1321 is used to drive the cutting head 1322 to move.
  • the film cutting linear module 1321 can drive the cutting head 1322 to move by its own movement.
  • the moving direction of the film cutting linear module 1321 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the conveyor line.
  • the film cutting linear module 1321 can also drive the cutting head 1322 to move vertically, and a vertical driving member (not shown) can be set at the tail of the cutting head 1322 to provide a driving force in the vertical direction to the cutting head 1322 alone.
  • the cutting head 1322 is used to cut the top of the battery cell 190, reduce the restrictions on the diaphragm 191 and the pole piece 192 inside the battery cell 190, and facilitate the subsequent separation and winding operations.
  • the vertical driving member includes but is not limited to a linear electric cylinder, a linear air cylinder or a linear hydraulic cylinder.
  • the cutting head 1322 usually cuts a hole in the outermost multi-layer diaphragm 191 of the battery cell 190.
  • the specific methods of the cutting head 1322 include but are not limited to thermal cutting and laser cutting, which can cleanly cut the outer diaphragm 191 while ensuring the integrity of the pole piece 192.
  • the bending member 140 includes a suspended roller 141 and an extrusion roller 142. Connected to the base 110 and located above the conveyor belt 120, there is a gap between the bottom end of the suspended roller 141 and the conveyor belt 120, and the bottom end of the extrusion roller 142 contacts the conveyor belt 120 to squeeze the battery cell 190 passing through and bend the battery cell 190.
  • suspension roller 141 There is a sufficient gap between the suspension roller 141 and the conveyor belt 120, and the end of the battery cell 190 after being squeezed and bent by the squeezing roller 142 will contact the suspension roller 141, thereby preventing the end of the battery cell 190 from tilting too much.
  • a roller cover (not shown) is provided on the outside of the suspended roller 141 and the extrusion roller 142, which is connected to the roller shaft (not shown) through a bearing (not shown), so as to provide a closed protection for the suspended roller 141 and the extrusion roller 142 and prevent individual impurities from splashing to the bottom of the extrusion roller 142 and the suspended roller 141.
  • the number of the extrusion rollers 142 may be two, three, four, etc.
  • the number of the suspension rollers 141 may be one, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, etc.
  • the internal structure of the battery cell 190 is tight. If the bending member 140 is not provided to bend and break up the internal layered structure of the battery cell 190 , the battery cell 190 cannot be directly mounted on the winding member 150 .
  • the roll-splitting member 150 includes a roll-splitting shell 151, an insertion shaft 152, a roll-splitting linear module 153, an adsorption block 154 and a film-splitting rod 155;
  • the roll-splitting shell 151 and the roll-splitting linear module 153 are both connected to the base 110;
  • the insertion shaft 152 and the film-splitting rod 155 are both connected to the roll-splitting shell 151;
  • the adsorption block 154 is connected to the roll-splitting linear module 153;
  • the insertion shaft 152 is used to be inserted into the interior of the battery cell 190;
  • the adsorption block 154 is used to adsorb the diaphragm 191;
  • the roll-splitting linear module 153 is used to drive the adsorption block 154 to move so that the diaphragm 191 contacts and turns with the film-splitting rod 155.
  • the reel shell 151 plays a supporting and fixing role.
  • the plug shaft 152 is flat and cut with a pointed head (not shown).
  • the battery cell 190 can be directly sleeved on the plug shaft 152.
  • the reel linear module 153 is used to drive the adsorption block 154 to move in both vertical and horizontal directions, and the adsorption block 154 can adsorb the diaphragm 191 on the battery cell 190 and pull the diaphragm 191 to contact the membrane separation rod 155.
  • the diaphragm 191 contacts the film separation rod 155, the diaphragm 191 is turned, while the pole piece 192, which is less tough than the diaphragm 191, will keep moving in the original direction. At this time, the pole piece 192 is separated from the diaphragm 191.
  • the adsorption block 154 can be set on different sides of the diaphragm 191 according to actual use. When the diaphragm 191 is pulled and moved, it will not have a negative impact on the separation of the pole piece 192.
  • the walking path of the winding linear module 153 is set by the program.
  • the roll-dividing member 150 further includes a reel 156, and the reel 156 includes a reel rod 1561 and a reel driver 1562.
  • the winding rod 1561 and the winding driver 1562 are both connected to the roll shell 151.
  • the winding driver 1562 is used to drive the winding rod 1561 to rotate.
  • the winding driver 1562 is used to provide rotational power to the two winding rods 1561, so that the two winding rods 1561 rotate at the same time, thereby realizing the winding operation of the diaphragm 191.
  • the winding driver 1562 includes but is not limited to a rotary motor, a rotary cylinder and a rotary hydraulic cylinder. After the winding is completed, the winding rod 1561 can retract by itself, discharge the multi-layer structure obtained by winding, and continue to wind the subsequent diaphragm 191. As the layered belt inside the battery cell 190 is wound, the layered belt of the battery cell 190 can be separated into the diaphragm 191, the positive electrode sheet, the diaphragm 191 and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the number of the winding rods 1561 may be three, four, five, etc.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for disassembling a battery cell 190, comprising:
  • the battery cell 190 is first cut; the cutting operation is completed by the cutting piece 130, which includes a side cutting piece 131 and a film cutting piece 132.
  • the side cutting piece 131 is used to cut the side of the battery cell 190
  • the film cutting piece 132 is used to cut the top surface of the battery cell 190.
  • the cut battery cells 190 are then bent and broken up; the bending and breaking up operations are completed by the bending member 140, and the extrusion roller 142 in the bending member 140 extrude the passing battery cells 190, so that the battery cells 190 are bent and the internal layered structure of the battery cells 190 is broken up.
  • the diaphragm 191 and the pole piece 192 in the bent and scattered battery cell 190 are separated; the separation operation is completed by the roll-splitting member 150, which includes a roll-splitting shell 151, an insert shaft 152, a roll-splitting linear module 153, an adsorption block 154 and a film-splitting rod 155, and may also include a reel 156.
  • the insert shaft 152 is used to insert into the inside of the bent and scattered battery cell 190
  • the roll-splitting linear module 153 is used to drive the adsorption block 154 to move.
  • the adsorption block 154 is used to adsorb the diaphragm 191 on the battery cell 190 and pull the diaphragm 191 to move, so that the diaphragm 191 contacts the film-splitting rod 155, and the diaphragm 191 after contact is turned.
  • the pole piece 192 cannot complete the turn at the same time as the diaphragm 191 because its toughness is lower than that of the diaphragm 191, so it is separated from the diaphragm 191.
  • the reel 156 is used to rotate and store the separated diaphragm 191.
  • the working principles of the cell splitting device 100 and the cell splitting method are as follows:
  • the cell splitting device 100 includes: a conveyor belt 120, a cutting piece 130 and a roll-splitting piece 150.
  • the conveyor belt 120 is used to convey the cell 190 to facilitate the streamlined input of the cell 190.
  • the cutting piece 130 is used to cut the cell 190.
  • the bending piece 140 is used to bend and break up the cut cell 190.
  • the roll-splitting piece 150 is used to separate the diaphragm 191 and the pole piece 192 in the bent and broken cell 190.
  • the cutting piece 130, the bending piece 140 and the roll-splitting piece 150 are arranged in sequence along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 120, so as to facilitate the conveying of the cell 190.
  • the battery cells 190 on the belt 120 are sequentially disassembled to improve processing efficiency.
  • the battery cell disassembly device 100 and the battery cell disassembly method provided in this embodiment have at least the following advantages: they can perform a streamlined disassembly operation on the battery cells 190 to be disassembled, thereby improving the processing efficiency.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract

一种电芯拆分装置（100）及电芯拆分方法，电芯拆分装置（100）包括：输送带（120）、切割件（130）、弯折件（140）和分卷件（150），输送带（120）用于输送电芯（190），方便电芯（190）的流水化输入，切割件（130）用于切割电芯（190），弯折件（140）用于弯折和打散经切割后的电芯（190），分卷件（150）用于分离经弯折和打散后的电芯（190）中的隔膜（191）和极片（192）。切割件（130）、弯折件（140）以及分卷件（150）沿输送带（120）的输送方向依次布置，从而对输送带（120）上的电芯（190）进行有序拆分作业。

Description

一种电芯拆分装置及电芯拆分方法 技术领域
本发明涉及电池回收领域，具体而言，涉及一种电芯拆分装置及电芯拆分方法。
背景技术
目前新能源汽车的动力电池绝大部分使用的是卷绕式电芯，卷绕式电芯内部的多层结构在现有装置和工艺中难以将其中的各个组分完整地分离。
现有装置通常采用机械手进行拆解，一对机械手同时只能拆解一个电芯，导致存在处理效率低的问题。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种电芯拆分装置及电芯拆分方法，其能够对待拆解的电芯进行流水化拆解作业，从而提高处理效率。
本发明的方案可以这样实现：
一种电芯拆分装置，其包括：
输送带以及沿输送带的输送方向依次设置的切割件、弯折件和分卷件；
其中，输送带用于输送电芯，切割件用于切割电芯，弯折件用于弯折和打散经切割后的电芯，分卷件用于分离经弯折和打散后的电芯中的隔膜和极片。
可选地，切割件包括沿输送带的输送方向依次设置的侧切件和切膜件，侧切件和切膜件均位于输送带的上方，侧切件用于对电芯的侧面进行切割，切膜件用于对电芯的顶面进行切割。
可选地，切膜件包括相连接的切膜直线模组和切割头，切膜直线模组位于输送带的上方，切膜直线模组用于带动切割头移动。
可选地，侧切件包括相连接的侧切驱动器和侧切片，侧切驱动器和侧切片均位于输送带的上方，侧切驱动器用于带动侧切片旋转。
可选地，弯折件包括悬空滚筒和挤压滚筒，悬空滚筒和挤压滚筒均位于输送带的上方，悬空滚筒的底端与输送带之间存在间隙，挤压滚筒的底端与输送带接触，挤压滚筒用于挤压经过的电芯，以使电芯发生弯折。
可选地，分卷件包括分卷壳、插轴、分卷直线模组、吸附块和分膜杆，插轴和分膜杆均连接于分卷壳，吸附块连接于分卷直线模组；插轴用于插入电芯的内部，吸附块用于吸附隔膜， 分卷直线模组用于带动吸附块移动，以使隔膜与分膜杆接触并转向。
可选地，分卷件还包括收卷器，收卷器包括收卷杆和收卷驱动器，收卷杆和收卷驱动器均与分卷壳连接，收卷杆的数目为两根，两根收卷杆分别位于与分膜杆接触后的隔膜的两侧，收卷驱动器用于带动收卷杆做旋转运动。
可选地，电芯拆分装置还包括第一推料件，第一推料件位于输送带的上方，第一推料件的推料方向与输送带的延伸方向垂直，第一推料件用于将电芯推动至输送带上并靠近切割件的一侧。
可选地，电芯拆分装置还包括第二推料件，第二推料件位于输送带的上方，第二推料件的推料方向与输送带的延伸方向垂直，第二推料件用于将电芯从输送带推动至分卷件。
本发明的方案还提供了一种电芯拆分方法，包括：
对电芯进行切割；
对切割后的电芯进行弯折打散；
对弯折打散后的电芯中的隔膜和极片进行分离。
本发明实施例的电芯拆分装置及电芯拆分方法的有益效果包括，例如：
该电芯拆分装置包括：输送带以及沿输送带的输送方向依次设置的切割件、弯折件和分卷件，输送带用于输送电芯，方便电芯的流水化输入，切割件用于切割电芯，弯折件用于弯折和打散经切割后的电芯，分卷件用于分离经弯折和打散后的电芯中的隔膜和极片，通过依次设置分隔件、弯折件和分卷件并对电芯进行有序拆分作业，从而实现电芯的流水化拆分处理，提高电池回收效率。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本发明的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它相关的附图。
图1为本发明的实施例中提供的电芯拆分装置的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的实施例中提供的侧切件的工作示意图；
图3为本发明的实施例中提供的切膜件的工作示意图；
图4为本发明的实施例中提供的弯折件的工作示意图；
图5为本发明的实施例中提供的反卷件的工作示意图。
图标：100-电芯拆分装置；110-底座；120-输送带；130-切割件；131-侧切件；1311-侧切驱动器；1312-侧切片；132-切膜件；1321-切膜直线模组；1322-切割头；140-弯折件；141-悬空滚筒；142-挤压滚筒；150-分卷件；151-分卷壳；152-插轴；153-分卷直线模组；154-吸附块；155-分膜杆；156-收卷器；1561-收卷杆；1562-收卷驱动器；160-第一推料件；170-第二推料件；190-电芯；191-隔膜；192-极片。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本发明实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。
因此，以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围，而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，若出现术语“上”、“下”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，或者是该发明产品使用时惯常摆放的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，若出现术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明的实施例中的特征可以相互结合。
目前新能源汽车的动力电池绝大部分所使用是卷绕式电芯，卷绕式电芯内部的多层结构在现有的工艺中难以将其中的各个组分完整地分离。现在一种电池回收工艺是将电池外壳切开取出内部电芯，将电芯整个粉碎后再根据各材料的性质进行分离，但不同组分并不能高纯度分离，得到的回收物料杂质含量高，对电芯材料的重复利用造成较大的困扰。另一种工艺是将电池的整体进行火法处理，将电解液和隔膜等有机物分解后，将所得的产物进行粉碎后分选，但电池内部材料在经过高温处理下，易发生热失控，导致热解温度难以控制。
现有技术中提出了自动将电芯进行拆解分离正、负极片后再分别回收的设备。其中一种能够实现将电芯的不同组分单独拆分并收集，但该方式收卷前处理耗时长，且一次只能拆解一个电芯，不能满足大批量生产要求；另一种使用了气枪将电芯带吹散后分别夹取的方式实现电芯 组分的分别回收，但该设备使用了两个机械手，维护难度较大，成本高，在拆解部分采用四个卷料棍，一个流程内引导吸盘需要进行4次操作，处理效率低，且电芯竖向放置时电芯带的位置具有很大的不确定性，引导吸盘能否正确引导仍有待验证。
此外，电芯结构为隔膜-负极片-隔膜-正极片四层结构卷绕而成，最外层有多层隔膜卷绕，且在末端有胶带封贴。
本发明的实施例中提供的电芯拆分装置及电芯拆分方法可以解决这一问题。
请参考图1-图5，本实施例提供了一种电芯拆分装置100及电芯拆分方法，接下来将对其进行详细的描述。
参考图1，该电芯拆分装置100包括：底座110、输送带120、切割件130、弯折件140和分卷件150；输送带120连接于底座110并用于输送电芯190；切割件130同时与底座110以及并位于输送带120的上方，切割件130用于切割电芯190；弯折件140连接于底座110并位于输送带120的上方，弯折件140用于弯折和打散经切割后的电芯190；分卷件150连接于底座110并用于分离经弯折和打散后的电芯190中的隔膜191和极片192；其中，切割件130、弯折件140以及分卷件150沿输送带120的输送方向依次布置。
上述技术方案中，底座110用于起到对整体装置的支撑固定作用，输送带120起到流水化输送电芯190的作用，并且切割件130、弯折件140和分卷件150依次沿输送带120布置，有序对流水化输送的电芯190进行切割、弯折打散以及分离隔膜191和极片192，从而提高了处理效率。
参考图1，切割件130包括沿输送带120的输送方向依次设置的侧切件131和切膜件132，侧切件131和切膜件132均连接于底座110并位于输送带120的上方，侧切件131用于对电芯190的侧面进行切割，切膜件132用于对电芯190的顶面进行切割。
上述技术方案中，侧切件131用于对电芯190的侧面进行切割，方便其内部层状结构进行暴露，为后续的分卷件150与电芯190接触做准备。切膜件132则对电芯190的顶面进行切割，减少电芯190外壳对内部隔膜191和极片192的限位影响。
参考图1，电芯拆分装置100还包括第一推料件160，第一推料件160连接于底座110并位于输送带120的上方，第一推料件160的推料方向与输送带120的延伸方向垂直，并用于将电芯190推动至输送带120上并靠近切割件130的一侧。
并且第一推料件160设置在侧切件131以及切膜件132的前方，当电芯190进入到输送带120上后，各个电芯190的在输送带120上的横向位置是相对混乱的。此时第一推料件160可将所有电芯190推动至输送带120靠近侧切件131的一侧，确保侧切位置的精确度。
参考图1，电芯拆分装置100还包括第二推料件170，第二推料件170连接于底座110并位于输送带120的上方，第二推料件170的推料方向与输送带120的延伸方向垂直，第二推料件170用于将电芯190从输送带120推动至分卷件150。
并且，还可以通过设置多组分卷件150和第二推料件170，从而匹配输送带120的流水输送速度。相比传统的机械手结构，在提高作业效率的同时还能大幅降低使用成本。
此外，第一推料件160和第二推料件170均包括有与电芯190接触的推料部(图未示)以及推料驱动件(图未示)，其中推料驱动件用于向推料部提供直线运动的动力，推料驱动件可以是气缸、液压缸或者直线电缸。
参考图2，侧切件131包括相连接的侧切驱动器1311和侧切片1312，侧切驱动器1311连接于底座110，侧切驱动器1311和侧切片1312均位于输送带120的上方，侧切驱动器1311用于带动侧切片1312旋转。
上述技术方案中，侧切驱动器1311提供动力源，带动侧切片1312转动的同时对电芯190的侧部进行切割。侧切片1312呈圆形，其边缘设置有刃口(图未示)，该刃口与输送线上的电芯190接触，通过旋转运动配合电芯190的直线移动从而完成侧切作用。侧切驱动器1311包括但不限于旋转电机、旋转气缸或者旋转液压缸。
与未设置侧切件131的装置相比，可以防止电芯190在收卷过程中，集流体毛刺破坏隔膜191导致无法正常收卷的情况，能够极大地改善收卷作业的连续性。
参考图3，切膜件132包括相连接的切膜直线模组1321和切割头1322，切膜直线模组1321连接于底座110，切膜直线模组1321和切割头1322均位于输送带120的上方，切膜直线模组1321用于带动切割头1322移动。
上述技术方案中，切膜直线模组1321可通过自身移动带动切割头1322进行移动。切膜直线模组1321的移动方向与输送线的延伸方向相垂直。并且切膜直线模组1321还可以带动切割头1322进行竖直移动，也可以在切割头1322的尾部设置一个竖直驱动件(图未示)，单独对切割头1322提供竖直方向上的驱动力。切割头1322用于对电芯190的顶部进行切割，减少对电芯190内部的隔膜191和极片192的限制，方便后续进行分离和收卷作业。该竖直驱动件包括但不限于直线电缸、直线气缸或者直线液压缸。
并且，通常切割头1322将电芯190最外面的多层隔膜191切除一道口子。切割头1322的具体方式包括但不限于热切割和激光切割，能够将外面的隔膜191切割干净的同时保证极片192的完整。
参考图4，弯折件140包括悬空滚筒141和挤压滚筒142，悬空滚筒141和挤压滚筒142均 连接于底座110并位于输送带120的上方，悬空滚筒141的底端与输送带120之间存在间隙，挤压滚筒142的底端与输送带120接触，用于挤压经过的电芯190，并使电芯190发生弯折。
上述技术方案中，当电芯190经过挤压滚筒142的下方时，会受到挤压滚筒142的挤压作用，使得电芯190以中间某个位置为中心发生弯折，从而对电芯190的内部层状结构进行打散，方便后续工序中的分卷件150插入电芯190内部。
而悬空滚筒141与输送带120之间存在足够的间隙，当经过挤压滚筒142挤压弯折后的电芯190的端部还会与悬空滚筒141进行接触，从而避免电芯190的端部翘起角度过大。挤压滚筒142的数目为一个，悬空滚筒141的数目为两个，分别设置于挤压滚筒142的两侧。
此外，在悬空滚筒141、挤压滚筒142的外侧还设置有滚筒罩(图未示)，通过轴承(图未示)连接滚筒轴(图未示)，可以对悬空滚筒141以及挤压滚筒142起到封闭保护的作用，避免个别杂质飞溅到挤压滚筒142和悬空滚筒141的下方。
在本发明的其他实施例中，挤压滚筒142的数目还可以是二、三、四个等，悬空滚筒141的数目还可以是一、三、四、五、六、七、八个等。
犹豫电芯190的内部层状结构之间有粘接剂的存在，电芯190内部结构是紧密的，倘若未设置弯折件140对电芯190的内部层状结构进行弯折和打散，电芯190是无法直接套设在分卷件150上的。
参考图5，分卷件150包括分卷壳151、插轴152、分卷直线模组153、吸附块154和分膜杆155，分卷壳151和分卷直线模组153均连接于底座110，插轴152和分膜杆155均连接于分卷壳151，吸附块154连接于分卷直线模组153；插轴152用于插入电芯190的内部，吸附块154用于吸附隔膜191，分卷直线模组153用于带动吸附块154移动，以使隔膜191与分膜杆155接触并转向。
上述技术方案中，分卷壳151起到支撑固定的作用。插轴152呈扁平装，且切断设置有尖头(图未示)，在第二推料件170的作用下，电芯190可直接套设在插轴152上。分卷直线模组153用于带动吸附块154在竖直和水平两个方向上进行移动，并且吸附块154可以对电芯190上的隔膜191进行吸附，并牵引隔膜191与分膜杆155接触。
当隔膜191与分膜杆155接触后，对使隔膜191进行转向，而极片192因为韧性不如隔膜191，会保持原方向继续移动，此时极片192与隔膜191进行分离。吸附块154可根据实际使用情况，设置于隔膜191的不同侧，在对隔膜191进行牵引移动时，也不会对极片192的分离产生负面影响。并且，分卷直线模组153的行走路径由程序设定。
参考图5，分卷件150还包括收卷器156，收卷器156包括收卷杆1561和收卷驱动器1562， 收卷杆1561和收卷驱动器1562均与分卷壳151连接，收卷杆1561的数目为两根，两根收卷杆1561分别位于与分膜杆155接触后的隔膜191的两侧，收卷驱动器1562用于带动收卷杆1561做旋转运动。
当隔膜191与极片192分离后，收卷杆1561伸出，并使隔膜191位于两根收卷杆1561之间。收卷驱动器1562用于对两根收卷杆1561提供转动的动力，使得两根收卷杆1561同时进行旋转运动，从而实现对隔膜191的收卷作业。收卷驱动器1562包括但不限于旋转电机、旋转气缸以及旋转液压缸。收卷完成后，收卷杆1561可自行缩回，将收卷得到的多层结构排出，继续对后续的隔膜191进行收卷作业。随着电芯190内部层状带的收卷，电芯190的层状带能够被分离成隔膜191、正极片、隔膜191以及负极片。
在本发明的其他实施例中，收卷杆1561的数目还可以是三、四、五根等。
本发明的实施例还提供了一种电芯190拆分方法，包括：
先对电芯190进行切割；由切割件130完成切割作业，切割件130包括侧切件131和切膜件132，侧切件131用于对电芯190的侧面进行切割，切膜件132用于对电芯190的顶面进行切割。
再对切割后的电芯190进行弯折和打散；由弯折件140完成弯折和打散作业，通过弯折件140中的挤压滚筒142对经过的电芯190进行挤压，使得电芯190弯曲，并且打散电芯190的内部层状结构。
最后对弯折和打散后的电芯190中的隔膜191和极片192进行分离；由分卷件150完成分离作业，分卷件150包括分卷壳151、插轴152、分卷直线模组153、吸附块154和分膜杆155，还可以包括收卷器156，插轴152用于插入经弯折打散后的电芯190的内部，分卷直线模组153用于带动吸附块154进行移动，吸附块154用于吸附电芯190上的隔膜191，并牵引隔膜191移动，使得隔膜191与分膜杆155接触，并使接触后的隔膜191进行转向。而极片192因韧性低于隔膜191的韧性，无法随隔膜191同时完成转向，因此与隔膜191发生分离。收卷器156则用于对分离后的隔膜191进行旋转收置。
根据本实施例提供的一种电芯拆分装置100，电芯拆分装置100及电芯拆分方法的工作原理如下：
该电芯拆分装置100包括：输送带120、切割件130和分卷件150，输送带120用于输送电芯190，方便电芯190的流水化输入，切割件130用于切割电芯190，弯折件140用于弯折和打散经切割后的电芯190，分卷件150用于分离经弯折和打散后的电芯190中的隔膜191和极片192。切割件130、弯折件140以及分卷件150沿输送带120的输送方向依次布置，从而对输送 带120上的电芯190进行有序拆分作业，提高处理效率。
本实施例提供的一种电芯拆分装置100及电芯拆分方法至少具有以下优点：其能够对待拆解的电芯190.进行流水化拆解作业，从而提高处理效率。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电芯拆分装置，其特征在于，包括：
    输送带(120)以及沿所述输送带(120)的输送方向依次设置的切割件(130)、弯折件(140)和分卷件(150)；
    其中，所述输送带(120)用于输送电芯(190)，所述切割件(130)用于切割所述电芯(190)，所述弯折件(140)用于弯折和打散经切割后的所述电芯(190)，所述分卷件(150)用于分离经弯折和打散后的所述电芯(190)中的隔膜(191)和极片(192)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电芯拆分装置，其特征在于，所述切割件(130)包括沿所述输送带(120)的输送方向依次设置的侧切件(131)和切膜件(132)，所述侧切件(131)和所述切膜件(132)均位于所述输送带(120)的上方，所述侧切件(131)用于对所述电芯(190)的侧面进行切割，所述切膜件(132)用于对所述电芯(190)的顶面进行切割。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电芯拆分装置，其特征在于，所述切膜件(132)包括相连接的切膜直线模组(1321)和切割头(1322)，所述切膜直线模组(1321)位于所述输送带(120)的上方，所述切膜直线模组(1321)用于带动所述切割头(1322)移动。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的电芯拆分装置，其特征在于，所述侧切件(131)包括相连接的侧切驱动器(1311)和侧切片(1312)，所述侧切驱动器(1311)和所述侧切片(1312)均位于所述输送带(120)的上方，所述侧切驱动器(1311)用于带动所述侧切片(1312)旋转。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电芯拆分装置，其特征在于，所述弯折件(140)包括悬空滚筒(141)和挤压滚筒(142)，所述悬空滚筒(141)和所述挤压滚筒(142)均位于所述输送带(120)的上方，所述悬空滚筒(141)的底端与所述输送带(120)之间存在间隙，所述挤压滚筒(142)的底端与所述输送带(120)接触，所述挤压滚筒(142)用于挤压经过的所述电芯(190)，以使所述电芯(190)发生弯折。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电芯拆分装置，其特征在于，所述分卷件(150)包括分卷壳(151)、插轴(152)、分卷直线模组(153)、吸附块(154)和分膜杆(155)，所述插轴(152)和所述分膜杆(155)均连接于所述分卷壳(151)，所述吸附块(154)连接于所述分卷直线模组(153)；
    所述插轴(152)用于插入所述电芯(190)的内部，所述吸附块(154)用于吸附所述隔膜(191)，所述分卷直线模组(153)用于带动所述吸附块(154)移动，以使所述隔膜(191)与所述分膜杆(155)接触并转向。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电芯拆分装置，其特征在于，所述分卷件(150)还包括收卷器 (156)，所述收卷器(156)包括收卷杆(1561)和收卷驱动器(1562)，所述收卷杆(1561)和所述收卷驱动器(1562)均与所述分卷壳(151)连接，所述收卷杆(1561)的数目为两根，两根所述收卷杆(1561)分别位于与所述分膜杆(155)接触后的所述隔膜(191)的两侧，所述收卷驱动器(1562)用于带动所述收卷杆(1561)做旋转运动。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电芯拆分装置，其特征在于，所述电芯拆分装置还包括第一推料件(160)，所述第一推料件(160)位于所述输送带(120)的上方，所述第一推料件(160)的推料方向与所述输送带(120)的延伸方向垂直，所述第一推料件(160)用于将所述电芯(190)推动至所述输送带(120)上并靠近所述切割件(130)的一侧。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的电芯拆分装置，其特征在于，所述电芯拆分装置还包括第二推料件(170)，所述第二推料件(170)位于所述输送带(120)的上方，所述第二推料件(170)的推料方向与所述输送带(120)的延伸方向垂直，所述第二推料件(170)用于将所述电芯(190)从所述输送带(120)推动至所述分卷件(150)。
  10. 一种电芯拆分方法，其特征在于，包括：
    对电芯(190)进行切割；
    对切割后的电芯(190)进行弯折和打散；
    对弯折和打散后的所述电芯(190)中的隔膜(191)和极片(192)进行分离。
PCT/CN2023/078472 2022-10-12 2023-02-27 一种电芯拆分装置及电芯拆分方法 WO2024077840A1 (zh)

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